In professions of this type, the worker sees the world and excites him, first of all, both as a given, in which one can find, highlight the beautiful, beautiful, and as an area that can be transformed and brought into it beauty, convenience, a form of content that excites a person. Space is where people have to live, and therefore, you need to think about the interior spaceship. The earth is something that you need to mentally look at from a great height, from space, in order to better streamline the projected locality. Natural conditions (for example, the topography of the Earth's surface, sides of the horizon, prevailing winds, average monthly temperatures, etc.) are what must be taken into account when designing buildings and structures. For representatives of professions of this type, nature is a source of not only impressions, but also, for example, dyes, as well as some troubles (there are no eternal art materials in nature, time and microbes turn canvases into dust).

Professionals single out and keep in their minds integrity, for example, of this kind: artistic styles, harmony of color solutions (paintings, architectural projects, window dressing, theatrical scenery), feelings of beauty given to people, the pulse of the day, stage speech , faith in what is happening on the stage, performance concept, musical arrangement theatrical performance, phrasing (of musical material), symphonic sound, deviations from the tempo, etc.

Civilization, culture, the history of mankind are conceived here as many achievements of an artistic nature, and often quite specific (in terms of authorship, time, place) - samples of dyed fabrics found in the Egyptian pyramids; Klodt's horses on the bridge across the Fontanka; lacquer miniatures by Palekh masters, famous all over the world, etc. International relations as such are not accentuated: the world of people of countries, peoples appears in broad comparative excursions as devoid of political, state borders invented by people: artistic deeds and primitive man, and masters of Italy, Russia or Holland, etc.

The conditions for the existence and development of a person are a system of settlement of people, residential quarters, front squares of the city, space for relaxation in the designed residential area, space for needlework, fertile places that are important to take into account when designing villages, villages. The activity of people, humanity as a whole constitutes a certain background, but the main thing is what needs to be provided, overcoming existing shortcomings: the norms of modern life, service, providing village residents with everything that is in the city (not transferring everything to the village indiscriminately , including, say, the ridiculous idea of ​​multi-storey buildings).

Typical examples of professional "gestalts": sketch, idea, visual image, form; covers, layers, missing details (in the old picture); the perceived environment of the city; chains of badges, inscriptions; exposition, author's text; tempo, dynamics, rhythm, features of the singing voice of a given person; the nature of the image being created, the character of the character, the logic of the behavior of the hero of the play, etc.

Representatives of professions of this type are able to embody an idea or a certain mood in a specific, directly perceived holistic image, as well as evaluate and analyze this embodiment. This can be, for example, an engraving on the steel shaft of a fabric printing machine, made according to the drawing of the artist. These can be restored (restored) details of the image on the canvas of an ancient master, which have disappeared by our time (concern for the integrity of the image is not removed here, although we are talking about details). This may be the thousand and first performance of the first piano concerto by P.I. Tchaikovsky or the role of Khlestakov in N.V. Gogol. This may be the first and only sculptural expression of the idea of ​​the triumph of labor and knowledge.

In order for the tasks of the kind indicated above to be solved, subtle, painstaking work is required both on the subject of labor and on oneself. Behind the visible executive-motor components of a professional's activity are hidden his invisible, but sometimes complex, diverse cognitive actions and personal qualities. The creator of the drawing sees and feels the beauty of the construction of the figure and the background in their unity. The architect is attentive to the natural landscape, takes it into account. The actor analyzes and takes into account the mood, the reaction of the audience. And this, of course, is far from all in which the cognitive component of the activity of workers in the area under discussion is manifested.

A professional relies on people's experience, cultural heritage. But he needs all this as his baggage of very diverse knowledge acquired by considerable efforts - both scientific and purely practical. This is a comprehensive knowledge of the subject area (the world of colors, shapes, sounds, subtleties of space organization), and the world of past and modern culture, the life of society. Small, precise, well-coordinated, sometimes fast and complex coordinated movements are often required.

Employee visual arts requires a developed color perception, an accurate spatial eye, vivid images of the imagination. A musician needs vivid auditory representations, a subtle distinction between the qualities of sounds. The actor, in order not only to clearly remember, but also to feel which actions in a given role are natural, plausible, logical, and which are not, mentally imagines such a complex system as the personality of the portrayed hero. Such complex systemic "blocks", professional "gestalts" of memory exist in any work; this needs to be clarified every time.

As a rule, a non-standard mind is required, the ability to see events without prejudice, it is important to think, not limited by those frameworks, patterns that could be learned during training. A developed aesthetic sense, a sense of beauty, is required. It is important not only to understand, not to “calculate”, but to directly feel the beauty and uniqueness of a life event, a work of art; not only to know, but also to feel compositional principles in their field (fine arts, sculpture, architecture, music, dramatic art).

Artistic tact is important - a respectful attitude towards a completed work of art. It is impossible to perform Beethoven as a foxtrot (technically, this is, of course, achievable, but not permissible - “it is possible, but impossible” for reasons of artistic tact). You can’t paint over the lost places from the old master’s painting to your taste (you either need to be deeply imbued with the spirit and style of the corresponding era and the specific master, or simply smoothly tone down the loss). The best representatives of the professions of this type are characterized by a clear and persistent awareness of responsibility for the formation of the spiritual image of the consumer of artistic products. An employee in this area should take care of his professional development, not fall into pride and be able to subordinate the author's ambitions to socially significant goals. Persistence, self-discipline are important features of a professional in this field.

Often talk about the self-expression of the artist. However, self-expression is characteristic of any more or less active human being: as soon as he feels his speech organs, the baby begins to “whine”, “babble”, and then speak out, creating, in particular, new words and trains of thought. A preschooler clearly expresses himself in the game, a teenager - in relationships with others, etc. So one should not assume that self-expression is an indispensable feature of the artistic mentality. Often the idea of ​​self-expression is used to cover up the inability of self-regulation, self-control, and on this basis to oppose oneself to others - to excel. Everyone from a certain age (approximately from preschool) is characterized by the need to differ from others. It escalates in adolescence, and then moderates somewhat as a result of the understanding that each person is significant in his own way.

However, you can distinguish yourself in different ways, and some of them require great job over themselves and great self-discipline, self-criticism, good adherence to the idea of ​​serving society, and some are just unbridled hysterical demonstration of themselves to others on the assumption that these others are simply doomed to listen to some unusual person.

Self-expression for a high professional is not a goal, but an inevitable side effect of selfless devotion to the cause and service to social ideals. The feeling of beauty given to people supports the exacting attitude of the master to each of his actions. Rereadstory by N.V. Gogol "Portrait" - very significant ideas about any artistic work are impressively expressed there.

Features of creativity (creativity) of representatives of the discussed type of professions are that they are innovators in their essence; they relate to the world in which they live, as transformers: not to preserve and not just multiply the good, but to change. The inimitable, one-of-a-kind, unique, non-standard are especially valued here.

Open-mindedness, looseness of artistic thought (but not unbridled temper - this should not be confused), a bold flight of fancy, flexibility in decision-making (the ability to refuse from earlier decisions taken in favor of the best) are very important. But the broad horizons of creativity are expanded before a person only when, with sometimes heavy efforts, he has mastered the skills and methods of painstaking work to perfection. For example, a performing musician can be original if he overcomes the purely technical difficulties of performing with numerous exercises, i.e. when he does not have to think about whether his finger in a difficult passage will land on the right key or position on the neck of the instrument. The peculiarities of self-regulation of representatives of this type of professions are that one must be able to subordinate the author's ambitions to common goals. For example, an industrial product designer works as part of a development team. It includes specialists of various profiles: economists, design engineers, and, possibly, physiologists and psychologists. It is clear that the position of a capricious child who insists that everyone agrees with him is simply meaningless here. With all the creativity, performing clarity and self-discipline are needed (you can’t do it well, do it as best you can, but on time, etc.). Perseverance, patience, the ability to repeatedly alter what has been done are important qualities of a creative worker.

The difficulties of professions of this type often include long-term static loads of individual muscle groups, high demands on the sense organs and the musculoskeletal system, and considerable nervous loads.

List of professions related to this type:

• Actor
• circus performer
• Architect
• Choreographer
• Ballerina
• brader
• Visagiste
• guitar player
• DJ
• Designer
• Conductor
• Journalist
• sound engineer
• goldsmith
• Illustrator
• image maker
• Screenwriter
• Projectionist
• Cameraman
• Filmmaker
• Composer

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Specificity of professional affiliation

1.2 The specifics of the profession "person - artistic image»

2.1 Characteristics of professions of the type "Man is an artistic image" and requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist

2.2 Crises of the profession of the type "man - an artistic image"

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION

To professions like "man - an artistic image" ( creative professions) in a broad sense, include professions related to visual activity, with musical activity, with literary and artistic activity, professions related to acting and stage activities. Phenomena, facts of artistic reflection of reality - this is what occupies representatives of this type of profession.

The subject of the study is the professional type "man - an artistic image". The aim of the work is: to study the features of professions of this type (analysis of the requirements that apply to the personality of a specialist who masters the profession "man - an artistic image"). Professional development occupies a significant part of a person's life. Not only the success of the professional, but also the psychological well-being of the individual depends on the results of this process. In terms of timeliness and social significance the study of the factors and characteristics of the professional development of the individual is an important area of ​​psychological research.

The world of professions and specialties is very diverse and dynamic - according to domestic and foreign reference books, there are from 7 to 35 thousand of their names. If you ask yourself the question: “What do representatives of various professions?”, - and at the same time not to focus attention on the individual characteristics of each profession, then everything possible options, according to the theory of E. A. Klimov, can be combined into five types: with nature, technology, people, with a sign system, with an artistic image.

Traditionally, the work of representatives of the professions "a person is an artistic image", as well as the field of their activity, is called art. In this, as in the word "artist" (from the Old Slavonic "khudog" - skillful), an assessment of the features of the skill of such specialists was embodied.

Here the main, leading subject of labor is the artistic image, the methods of its construction. An artistic image is the result of a mental, cognitive, spiritual and practical activities person.

The first manifestations and forms of art in the history of mankind (image, song, dance) have always been by no means idle, but the most important public matter, not the work of individuals, but of the collective. The song organized the rhythm of joint work or created the necessary mood (mournful, joyful or fighting). A drawing or dance defined and clarified intentions, goals, plans, served as a kind of preparation, for example, for hunting, combat, etc. Art was associated with the life support of society, with labor.

In the process of human development, the separation and isolation of the production of artistic values ​​from the production of material values ​​gradually took place. Artists have emerged. They satisfy their material needs by those who work in the area Agriculture, the production of industrial products, and in return for this they contribute aesthetic values ​​to the common cause. There is a natural exchange of products of labor.

Professions of this type are associated with: the creation, design, modeling of works of art (artist, hairdresser, confectioner, composer...); with the reproduction and production of various works of art (jeweler, cutter, restorer, florist, actor...).

Inclinations, preferences, expressed abilities: to engage in decoration; engage in artistic creativity (painting, sculpture, photography, cinema ...); compose (poetry, prose, etc.); perform on stage; make beautiful things with your own hands; sing, play musical instruments.

Professions of this type make high demands on such qualities of an employee as the development of functional abilities (hearing, vision, speech, etc.), the presence of a vivid imagination, imaginative thinking, a penchant for creativity, flexibility of feelings, and special abilities.

The whole field of professions of the type "a person - an artistic image" can be divided into subtypes in accordance with historically isolated types of artistic reflection of reality: professions associated with visual activity, professions associated with musical activity, professions associated with literary and artistic activity, professions associated with with acting and acting.

CHAPTER 1

1.1 Specificity of professional affiliation

When we talk about a profession as a community, we are not talking about an organization, but about a mentally represented group of people with similar orientation and experience. To this community, as it were, are “assigned” not only the living “doers”, but also famous workers of the past who made a noticeable, well-known contribution to this or that matter. It is rather a social group in relation to which the individual feels his belonging, with which he identifies himself, and not the organization itself.

Main psychological issues in connection with the understanding of the profession as a community, they concern, firstly, those who are already included in this community. They are beginners, developing, involuting "off-track" professionals. Secondly, these questions concern those who assume or intend to join this community (those who dream of choosing a profession, who are concerned about the choice of it, who are in a situation of choosing an optant).

It would be rash to think that the profession as a community is formed purely spontaneously due to the free and uncontrollable influx of interested people.

The factor of spontaneity in the sense indicated above, however, takes place. But there are always reasonable people and groups who begin to understand the importance of some personnel policy. They implement this or that strategy in this matter, fight against the "clogging" of the professional community with unsuitable people, establish more or less strict personnel selection, attract capable forces from related areas, etc. This is especially important when, for some reason, the profession becomes prestigious , attractive to many, including people who are obviously undesirable on business grounds.

Of course, in the real activity of people, these systems can interpenetrate in certain zones, forming some subject mixes (mixtures). For example, an artist-restorer must understand not only the artistic styles of the old masters, but also solvents, adhesives, textile fibers (canvases are weavers' products), putties, etc. Accordingly, all this should be interested in

Each person is characterized by a more or less clearly expressed preference for activities that correspond to the subject of labor that is closer to him. This happens due to the predominance of certain interests and personal characteristics. Someone likes to work with technology, and it is easy for him, while someone, on the contrary, feels horror from one type of household appliances, but his strong point is communication.

1.2 The specifics of the profession "man - an artistic image"

In order to talk about the professional type “a person is an artistic image”, we will highlight the main features, the psychological characteristics inherent in professionals in this profession.

About representatives of professions such as "a person is an artistic image":

In professions of this type, the world is seen by the worker and excites him, first of all, as a kind of reality in which one can find, highlight the beautiful, beautiful, and as an area that can be transformed and bring beauty, convenience, a form of some kind of content that excites a person. . Natural conditions (for example, the topography of the Earth's surface, sides of the horizon, prevailing winds, average monthly temperatures, etc.) are what must be taken into account when designing buildings and structures. Nature for representatives of professions of this type is a source of not only impressions, but also, for example, dyes, as well as some troubles (there are no eternal art materials, time and microbes turn canvases into dust).

Professionals single out and keep in mind the integrity, for example, of this kind: artistic styles, harmony of color solutions (pictures, architectural design, window dressing, theatrical scenery), a sense of beauty presented to people, stage speech, faith in what is happening on stage, performing concept, musical theatrical performance, etc.

Civilization, culture, the history of mankind are conceived here as a multitude of artistic achievements, and often quite specific (in terms of authorship, time, place) samples of dyed fabrics found in the Egyptian pyramids; Goya's etchings that amazed his contemporaries; frescoes by Michelangelo, amazing in their beauty and fortitude, famous all over the world, etc. International relationships as such are not accentuated: the world of people, countries, peoples appears in broad comparative excursions as devoid of political, state, temporal boundaries invented by people: artistic deeds of antiquity, and achievements contemporary artists, and masterpieces of ancient Russian icon painting; mysterious temples of Egypt and Gothic buildings of the Middle Ages.

Typical examples of professional units of analysis of consciousness and psyche of this type: sketch, idea, visible image, form; covers, layers, missing details (in the old picture); chains of badges, inscriptions; exposition, author's text; tempo, dynamics, rhythm, the nature of the created image, etc.

Representatives of professions such as "a person - an artistic image" are able to embody an idea or a certain mood in a specific, directly perceived integral image, as well as evaluate and analyze this embodiment. It can be, for example, batik (silk painting) made according to the sketch of the artist. These can be restored (restored) details of the image on the canvas of an old master, which have disappeared by our time.

Type "man-artistic image" combines professions associated with the creation, design, modeling of works of art, with reproduction, manufacturing of various products according to a sketch, a sample.

General psychological requirements of this type of profession for a person:

• - Artistic abilities, developed aesthetic feelings.
• - Developed visual perception, observational visual memory.
• - Visual-figurative thinking, creative imagination.
• - Knowledge of the laws of emotional impact on people.
• — Analytical thinking outside the box

DESIGNER

Since ancient times, a person has been striving to make his life more comfortable, and the objects surrounding him more functional and beautiful. And this is natural, because without constant transformations and improvements in the world around us, life would be boring and monotonous, gray and dull.

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, many tasks and functions associated with the formation and modernization of the objects around us have been concentrated in such a field of human activity as design. The term itself comes from the English “design”, which in translation means the process of designing, conceiving, designing. It is all these areas that combines the field of design. Although very often it is customary to mean by the work of a designer only the improvement of the external characteristics of an object or space, in fact, design includes many other stages of creating or modernizing the subject environment. The appearance of design as a separate sphere of human activity was a kind of reaction to the spontaneous formation of the objective world around us. And with the advent of design, this process has become less spontaneous, but subject to the laws of composition and color combinations.

Professions belong to the "artistic" format.

Necessary personal qualities and abilities to achieve professional success:

Professions related in content:

• - architect
• — stylist
• - decorator
• — fashion designer

A professional designer today is a specialist with higher education in this profession, possessing the knowledge of a design engineer, the basics of psychology, knowing the laws of combination various materials, as well as the prices for these materials and much more ... A modern designer, as a rule, specializes in a certain area - interior design, industrial

design, architectural design, landscaping, car design and so on….

In the middle of the twentieth century in our country, design developments were carried out centrally in specialized research and design bureaus, and this profession was not widespread (training in the specialty "Designer" was carried out until the 90s of the last century only in a few universities throughout country). Today, training in this specialty is carried out by several dozen Russian universities. Among them are the Chelyabinsk branch of BIEPP and the Russian-British Institute of Management RBIM (which was the first university in our region to open the largest range of design specialties).

At the end of the review of this profession, it can be noted that the presence of design ideas in many areas of human activity has become an integral part of reality today, and the profession of a designer is gaining all

more applied.

A. Martin

SOON!an overview of such professions as ACTOR, AUTO DESIGNER, IMAGE MAKER, MODEL DESIGNER, MUSICIAN, CLIP MAKER, WRITER, DIRECTOR, PHOTOGRAPHER ….

IN Russian Ministry education intend in 2020 to exclude almost a hundred positions from the list of professions and specialties of the secondary vocational education(SPO) countries. This measure is connected with the need to “screen out” professions that are morally and meaningfully obsolete, as well as those that have not been clearly popular with applicants in the past five years.

As part of technological change of our time, “dying off” professions are being replaced by specialties of a new format and content.

The Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation is developing by the 2021-22 academic year new rules for the distribution of budget places in higher educational institutions of the country.

By this period, the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia plans to launch a new model for the distribution of control figures for admission to universities.

The new model is planned to be applied to the competition for the distribution of university admission targets for the 2021-22 academic year.

At the same time, the planned changes in the model of distribution of budget places give universities in the subjects of the country the opportunity to increase the target admission figures in the upcoming competitions as part of the applicant campaign.

The ministry believes that the updated model (unlike the current one) will be aimed "at meeting the demand of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for labor, and not at the needs of educational organizations located in the territories of the respective regions."

According to the Minister of Education of the Russian Federation Olga Vasilyeva, at the Council under the President of the Russian Federation on the Russian language, more than 70 thousand applicants annually enter state-funded places in the country's pedagogical universities. However, only 60% of them eventually complete their specialized education, and only about 30% go to work in schools.

In the current 2019, admission to budgetary places in pedagogical areas has been increased.

Today, teachers of mathematics, physics, computer science, and English are most of all lacking.

XIII specialized exhibition “Education through life. Applicant 2020” was held in November in Chelyabinsk.

The only regional educational exhibition in the region annually helps thousands of applicants to decide on the choice of their future profession.

From November 12 to November 14, leading higher educational institutions and training centers from 13 cities of Russia (St. Petersburg, Moscow, Perm, Tyumen, Yekaterinburg and others), and also educational institutions of Chelyabinsk and the region.

The best students of several universities in the country will receive scholarships from the Russian Agricultural Bank.

The scholarship program will be aimed at stimulating the creative activity and intellectual potential of students.

Among the universities whose students are nominated for this scholarship, and USAU. The Academic Council of the Ural State Agrarian University will annually nominate candidates for scholarships from the Russian Agricultural Bank.

The purpose of this scholarship program is to increase the role of higher vocational education in the socio-economic development of the region, in the training of highly qualified specialists in the specialties most important for the agricultural sector of the economy.

The selection criteria for receiving a nominal scholarship for 12 months are high academic performance, scientific activity and publications, training in agricultural specialties, participation in olympiads. The names of the first scholarship holders of the Rosselkhozbank will be known in November.

As part of the recent XXI agricultural exhibition " Golden autumn» Chairman of the Board of Rosselkhozbank JSC Boris Pavlovich Listov announced the launch of a scholarship program for students from 54 universities for the 2019-2020 academic year. He emphasized that the achievement of national goals, including the transformation of Russia into one of the leaders in the international market for agricultural products, is inextricably linked with the development of human capital, in which it is necessary to invest in the first place.

On November 1, in Chelyabinsk, along with other regions of the country, the All-Russian action "Great Ethnographic Dictation" took place. The event is implemented with the aim of assessing the level of ethnographic literacy of the population and knowledge about the peoples living in Russian Federation, their culture and traditions.

Residents of both Russia and foreign countries who speak Russian could become participants in the dictation. There is no age or educational qualification.

To participate, you need to contact any of the regional sites, the addresses of which can be found on the project website and in social groups vk.com/miretno, vk.com/miretno74

In our country, this large-scale action is held for the fourth time in a row. Last year, the dictation was written by 392,000 people at 4,567 venues in Russia and abroad. Last 2018, the dictation became an international event, as such countries as Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Moldova and others joined the participation.

For those who for some reason could not test their knowledge at regional sites, online testing was organized on the official website from November 1 to November 4, 2019.

"man - man", "man - technology", "man - nature", "man - sign system", "man - artistic image"

The first feature of professions type "Man - man" is that the main content of labor here is reduced to the interaction between people. If this interaction does not go well, then the work does not go well either. For example, if a leader, propagandist, educator does not establish good relationships with those people whom he leads, convinces of something, whom he must educate, then the most important thing in work is missing. Success is not possible here. So, strictly speaking, there is no genuine work.

The second feature of professions of this type is that each of them requires a kind of double preparation from a person:
a) you need to learn, be able to establish and maintain contacts with people, understand people, understand their characteristics;
b) you need to be trained in a particular field of production, science, technology, art, etc.
If the organizer manages a group of working people, then he must know well the essence of the work they perform. Without this, he will not be able to correctly understand the actions, behavior, thoughts and intentions of his subordinates. This does not mean that he should know and be able to do everything better than any of the subordinates. Often this is not possible or necessary. The director of the theater should not dance better than the prima ballerina, the director of the factory should not be the best toolmaker, the director of the school cannot know all the subjects as thoroughly as each of the subject teachers knows his business. But many features of the work of subordinates, the leader, nevertheless, must clearly imagine.

The service worker also deals not only with people, but also with the values ​​that he conveys to consumers. Values ​​can be material or spiritual. Material - food, clothing, household items. Spiritual - useful information, works of science, art. It is clear that you need to deeply understand what you are trying to convey to people.

In the field of professions of the type "Man - man", we distinguish several subtypes:
1. Professions related to production management, management of people, teams.
2. Professions related to the education and upbringing of people, the organization of children's groups, professional training.
3. Professions related to material and domestic, commercial services to people.
4. Professions related to the information service of people.
5. Professions related to the information and artistic service of people and the leadership of art groups.
6. Professions related to the medical care of people.

"Man - technology". In professions of this type, such subjects as physics, chemistry, mathematics, and drawing help to navigate. It should be noted that the field of technical objects includes not only "pieces of iron", but also all kinds of non-metallic materials - fabrics, plastics, food raw materials, semi-finished products. The field of technology must be understood broadly.

This is the largest (in terms of the number of professions and specialties) type of professions. The work of professionals here is directed, of course, not only to technology. So, a radio equipment installer takes care, in particular, about the beauty of installation, a trolley bus driver communicates with people in the course of work, an operator or a mechanic can calculate something, calculate, and a crane driver can be busy loading cages, say, with zoo inhabitants sent on tour. But, nevertheless, the main subject of professional attention and concern of workers in this case is the area of ​​technical objects and their properties. Still, the crane operator (crane operator) is a specialist in managing a crane, a mechanic is a metalworker.
Professions type "Man - technology" so many that we have to distinguish several subtypes:
1. Professions related to the processing, extraction of soil, rocks.
2. Professions in the processing and use of non-metallic industrial materials, products, semi-finished products.
3. Professions in the production and processing of metal, mechanical assembly, installation of machines, instruments, equipment.
4. Professions for the repair, adjustment, maintenance of mechanical equipment, technological machines, installations, Vehicle.
5. Professions in the installation, repair of buildings, structures, structures.
6. Professions in the assembly, installation of electrical and radio equipment, instruments, devices.
7. Professions for the repair, adjustment, maintenance of electrical equipment, instruments, apparatus.
8. Professions related to the use of lifting, transport vehicles, their management.
9. Professions in the processing of agricultural products.

Along with a creative approach to business in the field of technology, a high level of performance discipline. Discipline is everywhere, of course, needed. But technology, with its precision, is especially sensitive to this quality of workers.

"Man is nature". At the same time, we mean exactly wildlife, in which biological subjects, sciences (botany, zoology, anatomy, physiology, general biology). The work of a person in the field of professions of the type "Man - nature" is directed only to the objects mentioned above. So, for example, plant breeders use various and complex techniques in their practice. Working in a team, they, in particular, are busy building interpersonal relationships. They also have to deal with accounting issues, economic evaluation of his labor. There are even such professions of this type that necessarily require artistic inclinations (along with inclinations for biology, botany). For example, there are flower growers-decorators, green building technicians (specialists in landscaping cities, populated areas). But, nevertheless, the main subject of attention and concern of workers in this case is plants and their environment.

The same is true of the animal husbandry professions. Animal husbandry today is increasingly transferred to an industrial basis, equipped with machinery. The livestock breeder is also a machine operator. But if he does not have a special relationship, special inclinations to work specifically with animals (and there is only an interest in technology), then animal husbandry is in trouble.

The microbiologist is surrounded on all sides by laboratory equipment, and the biological object itself is not even visible to the naked eye. But here, too, the main thing is the interest in the phenomena of living life. And technology is a means, but not the main subject of labor.

When choosing a profession such as "Man - nature" it is very important to take into account the following. For many people, nature acts as an attractive environment associated with recreation. Residents of the city tend to go to nature after work or during vacations, the guys go to pioneer camps, etc. But this is not the love for nature that is expected from a professional in the field of "Man - nature." It is very important for you to figure out exactly how you love nature: as a workshop in which you are going to give all your strength to the production of this or that product, or maybe you just like to take a walk in the forest, breathe, lie on the lawn? You need to test your love for nature for strength in practical socially useful work.

If you are going to think seriously about choosing a profession like "Human - Nature", it is important to consider the following as well. The peculiarity of biological objects of labor is that they are complex, changeable, non-standard. They change in their internal laws. And plants, and animals, and microorganisms live, grow, develop (and also get sick, die) without any days off. The worker needs not only to “keep in mind” a lot, but also mentally foresee changes in the objects of labor.

The employee is required to take initiative and independence in solving specific labor tasks. Such qualities as caring and foresight are important. Indeed, many changes in animal and plant organisms may turn out to be irreversible (plants may wither, die from pests, epidemic diseases of livestock may begin, etc.). Changing working conditions require the employee to creatively solve emerging problems.

"Man is a sign"(or "Man - sign system"). A test of strength for you in this area in the past could be a fulfillment written works in various subjects, keeping records, diaries, orderly accumulation and storage of various kinds of information (cuttings, extracts, card files), translation from one language to another, performing calculations, calculations, drawings, diagrams. Even N.V. Gogol once noticed that one can have an inclination in such a special reality as letters, signs. His hero is engaged in an important business for that time - he rewrites business papers ( typewriters then it was not): “It was hardly possible to find a person who would live like that in his position. It is not enough to say that he served zealously—no, he served with love. There, in this rewriting, he saw his own diverse and pleasant world. Pleasure was expressed on his face; some letters he had favorites, to which, if he got to, he was not himself: he laughed, and winked, and helped with his lips, so that in his face, it seemed, one could read every letter that his pen drew.

Yes, you can love signs, sign systems. And this is no worse and no less important than loving machines or, say, plant crops as objects of labor. Modern man immersed in the world of signs and sign systems: drawings, diagrams, topographic and geographic Maps, numerical data, tables, formulas, signatures, inscriptions, texts, road signs, various kinds of conventional signals - all these are integral features of the manifestation of modern civilization and culture. This means that appropriate specialists are also needed.

Professions type "Man is a sign" so diverse that it's time to talk about their varieties, subtypes.
1. Professions in which work is aimed at the creation and execution of documents (in native or foreign language), office work, text analysis or their transformation, transcoding.
2. Professions in which labor is directed to numbers, quantitative ratios.
3. Professions in which work is directed to systems of conventional signs, schematic representations of objects.

In the conditions of modern culture, signs that do not have a pictorial resemblance to the designated object play an important role (words do not look like the objects in question, notes do not look like music, money does not look like goods, mathematical formulas that describe and allow you to determine the course of the aircraft, do not look like an airplane, nor the trajectory of its flight, etc.). Therefore, in order to work successfully in any of the professions of this type, one needs special inclinations to mentally immerse himself in the world of seemingly dry designations, to be distracted from the actual objective properties of the surrounding world and to focus on the information that certain signs carry with them. When working with signs, as well as when working with other realities, there are tasks of control, verification, accounting, processing of information, as well as tasks of inventing new signs, sign systems. In other words, in this area of ​​labor, as in any other, there are unique opportunities for creativity.

You more often choose professions in which work is aimed at art objects or the conditions for their creation. These are specialties, professions such as "Man is a work of art."
The entire field of professions of the "Man - an artistic image" type can be divided into subtypes in accordance with the historically isolated types of artistic representation of reality.
1. Professions related to fine arts.
2. Professions related to musical activity.
3. Professions related to literary and artistic activities.
4. Professions related to acting and stage activities.
The first manifestations and forms of art in the history of mankind (image, song, dance) have always been by no means idle, but the most important public matter, not the work of individuals, but of the collective. The song organized the rhythm of joint work or created the necessary mood (mournful, joyful or fighting). A drawing or dance defined and clarified intentions, goals, plans, served as a kind of preparation, for example, for hunting, combat, etc. Art was associated with the life support of society, with labor.
In the process of human development, the separation and isolation of the production of artistic values ​​from the production of material values ​​gradually took place. Artists have emerged. They satisfy their material needs at the expense of those who work in the field of agriculture, the production of industrial products, and in return for this they bring aesthetic values ​​​​to the common cause. There is a natural exchange of products of labor.
One of the features of professions of this type is that a significant proportion of the worker's labor costs remain hidden from an outside observer. Moreover, special efforts are often made to create the effect of lightness, ease of the final effect of labor. So, the performance of the artist can last in public for several minutes. But for its implementation, the artist daily and for many hours works to improve and maintain his skills at the required level, strictly observes a special regime, etc.

When choosing an appropriate professional path, it is important to think about this implicit side of work, which can also be an unbearable price for success. In order for work to bring satisfaction, it is important to cultivate a realistic level of claims to social recognition (not to claim more recognition than what you deserve based on the real results of your work). However, this is not easy to achieve if someone has already managed to praise a person. A person with an unrealistic level of ambition repels the idea that the true reason for the lack of resounding success is in himself. He is inclined to see these reasons in the actions of other people (“they interfered”, “they don’t let me go”, “envy”, “slow down”, etc.). Beware of being in this position.

"Man is an artistic image"

Here the main, leading subject of labor is the artistic image, the methods of its construction.

Professions: artist, painter, musician, designer, stone carver, literary worker.

Professions of the "man - artistic image" type include:

¦ professions related to fine arts;

¦ professions related to musical activity;

¦ professions associated with literary and artistic activities;

¦ professions related to acting and stage activities.

Test for determining the type of personality according to the method of D. Holland.

Diagnostic goal: assessment of professional personality type. Holland, as a representative of the concept of individuality, developed a methodology for determining social orientation personality. He distinguished six types.

1. Realistic type - non-social, stable, focused on the present, deals with specific objects (things, animals, machines) and their practical use.

Preferred activities: mechanical activities, driving large machines, heavy equipment, operating machinery and using tools that require precision, dexterity, fine motor coordination (drilling, lathes, dentist's drill, surgical scalpel, jewelry tools); construction, repair, military activities, design work; any activity that gives a tangible result prefers action to thinking, concrete tasks to difficult and abstract problems.

Abilities possessed by the R-type:

• - physical strength, psychomotor skills, manual dexterity;
• - mechanical ability, ingenuity;
• - mathematical ability.

Personal qualities and values: emotional stability, reliability; practicality, thrift; perseverance, perseverance, self-confidence, risk appetite, purposefulness; modesty, shyness, frankness, sincerity, naturalness; independence, conservatism, propensity to support traditional values; rigidity, slow acceptance of new ideas, subordination, conformity; performs the work without further ado, works carefully, accurately, systematically; prefers a clear regulation of work, wants to know what, how and when to do; does not like long conversations, negotiations, discussions.

Most dissimilar to the C-type. Interaction with this type can cause unfriendliness, harshness, misunderstanding. He is closest to I- and K-types and prefers to work with them.

Preferred environment:

• - nature, countryside;
• - Least interaction with other people;
• - situations requiring casual clothing;
• - organizations with rigid hierarchical subordination and authoritarianism (armed forces, ATC, etc.);
• - firms producing specific, tangible products;
• - transport, engineering, technical, energy enterprises.

Intelligent type. Preferred activities: collection of information, its systematization, analysis; performing complex or abstract tasks; problem solving through thinking, analysis of hypotheses and theories; independent, independent work relying on oneself; performance of scientific or laboratory work; prefers thought to action.

Abilities possessed by the I-type:

• - mathematical abilities;
• - analytical skills;
• - scientific inclinations, inclinations for rational logical analysis;
• - writing skills;
• - rationality, erudition.

Personal qualities and values: independence, independence, self-motivation, task orientation, immersion in work; restraint, introspectiveness, propensity to analyze, rationality, methodicalness; curiosity, intelligence, originality, creativity, erudition; self-confidence, focus on non-traditional values ​​and attitudes; work style: finds out many details before coming to a conclusion, wants to find out the reasons behind this or that phenomenon, can focus too much on details and not see the whole problem, often finds it difficult to express an opinion or make a decision without revisiting information.

Most unlike the P-type. Relationships with this type give rise to too many problems and questions for the I-type. Most similar to types R and A.

Preferred environment:

• - semi-structured organizations that provide freedom in work activities;
• - achievement-oriented organizations, research and design laboratories and firms, universities and institutes;
• - limited communication with other people.

Artistic type. Preferred activities: artistic creativity (painting, sculpture, photography, jewelry making, design, composition, literary creativity, etc.), playing musical instruments; performing acting.

A-type abilities:

• - imagination, creativity;
• - musical ability;
• - artistic abilities;
• - verbal-linguistic abilities;
• - sense of harmony, taste.

Personal characteristics and values: independence, autonomy, non-conformism; impulsiveness, expressiveness, emotionality, sensitivity; impracticality, disorder; intuitiveness, focus on the values ​​of beauty and aesthetics, imagery of thinking; desire for self-expression, demonstrativeness; originality, openness, freedom from conventions; allows alternative solutions to problems.

Most of all, it is unlike the T-type, close to the I- and C-type.

Preferred environment:

• - unstructured, flexible organizations that provide an opportunity for self-expression (artistic studios, theaters, concert halls etc.);
• - organizations that teach artistic skills (music and art schools, art institutes, etc.);
• - museums, libraries, galleries, advertising and design firms.

social type. Preferred activities: focus on working in a group with people, not with objects; teaching, explanation, clarification; assistance, advice; organizing group events, conducting discussions.

Abilities possessed by the C-type:

• - verbal abilities;
• - Skills of communication and interaction with people;
• - teaching, oratory skills;
• - listening skills.

Personal characteristics and values: humanistic, idealistic, ethical, responsible, moral, cooperative, attuned to others, understanding others; tactful, emotionally warm, friendly, cheerful, optimistic;

Most of all, it is unlike the P-type and is close to the A- and P-types.

Preferred environment:

• - social organizations, schools, religious organizations, recruiting agencies;
• - medical institutions, psychiatric, psychotherapeutic, psychological advisory services;
• - social protection agencies.

Enterprising type. Preferred Activities: Working with others in organizations to achieve organizational goals and economic success; financial and interpersonal risk, participation in competitive activities; sale, purchase, commerce, entrepreneurship; holding group meetings, managing organizations, companies, managing people and projects; conducting political campaigns, elections, presentations, etc.

Abilities possessed by the P-type:

• - organizational skills, verbal skills, oratorical skills, the ability to persuade;
• - management and leadership abilities;
• - social and interpersonal skills;
• - propensity for entrepreneurial activity.

Personal qualities and values: striving for power, for a leadership position, for a high status; ambition, gambling, competitiveness, dominance, self-confidence, aggressiveness, adventurism; extraversion, sociability, sociability; focus on money, power, material well-being; optimism, energy, love of popularity.

Interaction with the I-type is most difficult, it works best with the C- and K-types.

Preferred environment:

• - posts in state and political organizations with power, at the disposal of large finances;
• - industrial firms, retail and wholesale, sales agencies land plots, houses, real estate, brokerage firms.

conventional type. Preferred activities: work that requires attention to detail and accuracy; management of office equipment; maintenance of file cabinets, storage and systematization of records, facts, data, financial books; writing reports, preparing diagrams, tables, diagrams.

K-type abilities:

• - arithmetic abilities;
• - office skills;
• - manual fine motor skills;
• - organization, punctuality, pedantry, accuracy.

Personal qualities and values: conscientiousness, perseverance, practicality, honesty; self-control, conservatism, caution, conformity; thrift, interest in money, material well-being; To get the job done effectively, you need a clear plan.

Most dissimilar to type A, closest to types P and P.

Preferred environment:

• - this type, like type P, works well in large organizations, and prefers not a leader, but a subordinate role;
• - large corporations financial institutions, banks, accounting offices;
• - quality control departments, archives, file cabinets, inspections;
• - well-structured organizations with a strictly hierarchical structure

The Dembo-Rubinshtein technique modified by A.M. Parishioners for a self-esteem study.

This technique is based on direct estimation (scaling) of the series personal qualities, such as health, abilities, character, authority among peers, appearance, self-confidence, the ability to do a lot with your own hands. Based on the ratio of the level of development of these qualities (an indicator of self-esteem) in the subject and the level of claims, i.e. the level of development of these qualities that would satisfy him, we will draw conclusions about the height of self-esteem.