Machinist with higher education. Assistant driver: training, duties and functions

train driver- a railway operator operating passenger and freight trains, electric trains of various messages and destinations. The driver drives the train by driving the locomotive. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in physics and labor and economy (see the choice of profession for interest in school subjects).

Features of the profession

Trains differ in the type of locomotive (diesel locomotive / electric locomotive), as well as in range and purpose of routes. For example, long-distance trains can carry goods and passengers for thousands of kilometers, while commuter trains do not leave the region and make several trips a day. There are railways and trains on major industrial enterprises(factories, mines, mines) - the routes of such trains are even shorter.

And each type of train requires special training from the driver.

The driver must drive the train exactly on schedule, observing traffic rules, semaphore signals, etc. The route of the train is practically unchanged. However, the situation on the road is constantly changing. It may depend on the weather, on the workload of the train, on other road users. For example, a truck stuck on the tracks requires an immediate response.

Moving at great speed is often associated with unexpected events. Road conditions, road signs, instrument readings in the cab - all this requires constant intense attention. Therefore, a long-distance driver always works with an assistant (an assistant driver, who can also become a driver over time). On steam locomotives, the brigade includes a stoker - he ensures the operation of the locomotive by throwing fuel. However, steam locomotives are a rarity these days. In some cases (for example, in the subway), the driver works alone.

Long-distance train routes are divided into sections. And the driver is usually an expert on one of the sections of the track. At one of the stations, one brigade of the locomotive is replaced by another and the train moves on. The old crew rests at the inn and takes their place again when it's time to drive the train back.

Drivers of local lines or the subway also need a good rest. For example, in the subway, drivers have special rest rooms where they can sleep after the shift and before the start of a new day, if, according to the duty schedule, the driver has to take the train to the line in the morning.

Workplace

Railways, subways, large factories, mines, etc. enterprises using railways for internal movement of goods.

Salary

Salary as of 02.03.2020

Russia 40000—100000 ₽

Moscow 110000—65000 ₽

Important qualities

Self-confidence, high sense of responsibility, quick reaction, ability to concentrate, good vision (including color vision), acute hearing. Diseases of the heart, blood vessels, central nervous system, bronchial asthma, disorders of the vestibular apparatus, problems of the musculoskeletal system that restrict movement are contraindicated in such work.

Knowledge and skills

It is necessary to be able to drive a locomotive, carry out small plumbing work, and use radio communications. Know the device of the locomotive, the rules of movement on railway.

Where to study as a train driver (education)

Initial Vocational Education (VET)

In one of the railway colleges you can get professions:

"Assistant locomotive driver";
"Assistant locomotive driver";
"Assistant locomotive driver"

Secondary vocational education (SVE)

In colleges and technical schools, you can get a specialty " Technical operation rolling stock of railways. Qualification "Technician".

On-the-job training

To work in the metro, you can get a job at a depot (on the metro line) and there you can train as a driver. First, locksmith practice is carried out, then the future driver studies the equipment of the electric train and learns to operate the train. In the Moscow metro, simulators are used to speed up the process.

In like this.

What does it take to become a machinist? The most important thing is desire. This is where it all starts. With the desire to drive trains and the belief that everything will definitely work out!

Very often grandmothers, grandfathers, mothers and fathers turn to me with the words: “Here is my grandson (son) who wants to become a train driver in the subway, what is needed for this?” For this, it is necessary that the grandson / son himself wants to become a machinist, so that he overcomes fear (and I know this from my own experience), and come to the depot to get a job.

How to choose a depot? You can choose as you like: according to the novelty of the rolling stock, according to the number of open sections, you can throw a coin in the end, but the most best option(and most reasonable) is the one closest to the house. Well, you must admit, spending an hour every day, and sometimes more, on the way to/from work, when there is an opportunity not to do this, is not reasonable.

Suppose you have chosen a depot, now question number two: will the depot want to hire you? To do this, you need to call the personnel department and clarify whether the recruitment for the training of machinists is being made? If yes, then you are lucky, if not, we are looking for another depot.

What's next? And then make an appointment, come to the personnel department of the depot you like and get a referral from them. Where? To a psychologist and a medical commission. The psychologist will determine whether you are able to work at this job, and the medical commission will check your health status. To work as a machinist, one hundred percent vision, hearing and a good, strong heart without pathologies are necessary.

Gone? Excellent! You will be trained at the depot for a month, the necessary minimum. By the way, I still do not understand why this is done. Toli to determine the comprehensibility of a new complex technical material, or to determine perseverance and readiness to learn. But people, in fact this month, are sometimes expelled. I'll clarify... So, a month of training to determine how well you can absorb completely new, technically complex material. And after a month of depot training, the Training and Production Center, or UOC for short, is waiting for you. The main educational institution of the Moscow Metro.

For some reason, many people think that studying at the UOC is akin to an institute: if I want, I go, if I want, no, the main thing is to pass the exam. Alas, it won't work that way. Studying at the Center is like working. Absence from class without good reason- absenteeism with all the ensuing consequences. There is a lot of material, the material is complex. This is where students learn. They go after classes - they read notes, in the evening at home - they teach, in the morning in the classroom - they repeat.

Learn, learn and learn! Tests, midterms, tests again. Then the most interesting thing begins - practice at the depot. For a month, the driver-mentor teaches you the basics of driving rolling stock, shows in practice everything that you learned in theory: the operation of rolling stock, track devices, acceptance / delivery of rolling stock, both in the depot and when placed on the line. There is a lot of everything and everything is very, very interesting.

And finally, the day comes, the day of final exams. Notes, cheat sheets (rather, for your own peace of mind, you won’t be able to use it), a ticket, “Answer!”, Assessment and finally ... And finally, the cherished book: “Certificate for rolling stock management”. Feeling, awareness, that's all. Achieved. You are the driver!

And only then comes the understanding that everything is just beginning ...

The material was prepared with the assistance of the Center for Prof. orientation of the Moscow metro”, follow the news of the center by the hash tag

First step– medical board

In the subway and commuter trains every now and then they announce the hiring of machinists. Quite modest initial requirements (it is enough to be a man under 40 with a secondary education) and a good salary attracts many, but the path to the chair of the "electric train captain" turns out to be long and full of obstacles...

The driver needs to have iron health: driving an electric train is a harmful job. This is a big load on vision and hearing, exposure to electromagnetic radiation and vibration, dusty air (including metal dust, especially in the subway). It is no coincidence that the driver's working day (or night) begins with mandatory medical examination: blood pressure, temperature, heart activity, alcohol test. Therefore, no matter where you decide to study: in one of the electric depots (if we are talking about the subway) or at a college (for working on electric trains), the first thing you will have to face is a harsh medical board. First, doctors will carefully check your health, then you will undergo a psychological test to find out if you are ready to be responsible for hundreds of people, to be collected and attentive for a long time, to make decisions in just a split second.

In some educational institutions, for example, in the specialized Railway College N 52, the requirements are softer: it is enough to bring a regular medical certificate (086-y). However, before the last - train - practice, you still have to pass a medical examination in full: in two years of study, health may deteriorate (vision - due to computers, hearing - due to players, etc.). And if some indicators turn out to be below the norm (most of the candidates are eliminated at medical examinations), then you will not be a machinist - you will have to be content with the profession of a locksmith and repair cars.

The main stages of the medical examination:

vision test (it must be perfect), fundus conditions

audiogram (hearing test)

bicycle ergometry

fluorography

tests, certificates of vaccinations, an extract from a medical card

examine medical specialists: a surgeon, a neurologist, a dentist, an otolaryngologist, a general practitioner.

If there is a deferment from military service, then it should not be related to health. Drivers undergo a medical examination once every three years.

The machinists– through college

If everything is in order with health and psyche, you can start training. Electric train drivers in Moscow are trained by two educational institutions: Railway College N 52 and Moscow College of Railway Transport. Here, within the framework of primary vocational education (VET), one can learn to become an assistant driver in ten months (after grade 11) or in two years and ten months (after grade 9). In principle, this may be enough to start a profession, but it is better to get more deep knowledge and mean professional education(SPO), enrolling in the specialty "Technical operation of the rolling stock of railways". The study will take two years and ten months after the 11th grade and almost four years after the 9th, but college graduates receive a higher qualification of "technician".

To enter the Railway College N 52 after the 9th grade, you need to pass an exam in physics and the Russian language (dictation), after the 11th - in mathematics and Russian (exposition). At the Moscow College of Railway Transport, Russian (dictation) and mathematics (oral) are waiting for you.

During your studies, you will receive the rank of a rolling stock repairman (having passed the exam after industrial training), and then proceed to the study of the main disciplines: Maintenance electric trains, auto brakes, etc.

To study in the underground

Colleges train universal specialists for both suburban trains and subways, but those who want to work in the subway usually prefer a different path: they choose a depot (subway line), go to the appropriate personnel department and declare their intention to become a machinist. The Depot sends the candidate for training to the Training and Production Center (UPC) of the Moscow Metro.

Studying is rich: first you need to go through a mandatory locksmith practice and get a grade, then study the equipment of an electric train, get acquainted with numerous instructions and professional terminology.

Vyacheslav Garanin, Head of the UOC of the Moscow Metro:

“Recently, we have managed to significantly reduce the training period: now we train assistant drivers in one month, and drivers in six months. This was achieved through the introduction modern technologies: computer programs that allow you to study in detail the equipment of wagons, educational films (to see with your own eyes how, for example, wagons are assembled, you don’t have to go to the factory), unique simulators, ready-made illustrated notes for each student (they save 70% of the teacher’s time) .

The final of the first stage of training is train practice. It runs for several weeks on an electric train along a specific route. An important condition is that by this time the student must already be 18 years old. After successful delivery examination, the graduate is awarded the qualification of "assistant driver". He will have to work in this position from several months (in the subway) to two years (on suburban trains): technical condition trains, observe the boarding, respond to requests via the “passenger-driver” connection and, of course, learn from the driver the experience in driving an electric train.

Here, locomotive control is learned at a new level: future drivers are engaged in simulators that imitate train control, learn to get out of emergencies. Training lasts four to six months, after which the graduate receives the right to drive an electric train.

Finally, the "fired" newcomer sits down at the driver's controller - the main train control lever. He must gain experience, grow from a 4th class driver to a 1st class driver, and then take the position of an instructor driver. To increase the rank, the driver again undergoes training and takes an exam.

For those who have proven themselves well, the depot can offer free training at the Moscow state university means of communication, and a specialist with a higher engineering education on the railway has much more opportunities for growth. So, in the administration of JSC Russian Railways or in the Office of State Railway Supervision there are leaders who once worked as machinists.

Career and salary

Volume passenger traffic is constantly growing, the lines are developing. therefore suburban trains and subways are in constant need of drivers and assistants. But, before you connect your life with driving an electric train, you should know that this is not a job for a year or two. In order to become "their own" on the railway, she will have to devote most of her life. The salary of the driver's assistants is from 15 thousand rubles, experienced drivers, receiving bonuses and allowances, earn up to 25-30 thousand rubles.

Departing from the railway station on a trip, each time we are amazed at the strength and power of the machine, which drives a huge train consisting of several cars. Of course, such a device is difficult to manage, and it is simply impossible to cope with it alone. That is why trains, as a rule, are controlled by two specialists at once: the driver and his assistant.

You may have a completely logical question: since modern trains are almost completely automated, why is it necessary today assistant driver profession? Is it really impossible for the driver himself to cope with the control of a computerized locomotive? No, he can not! The fact is that quite often in the process of driving a train there is a need to perform several technical operations at once in places remote from each other. In addition, the work of a machinist has a number of features that make it possible to classify this profession as very difficult and dangerous, so the assistant driver often performs the function of "insurance" in case the driver loses his ability to work on the way.

What is an assistant driver?

Employee railway transport, which is part of the locomotive brigade. The place of work of this specialist is all types of trains of different messages and destinations (freight, passenger, electric trains, etc.).

The name of the profession comes from the Latin word māchina (tool, device, mechanism). That is, the name itself directly indicates that we are talking about a specialist who helps to control the mechanism. It is interesting that initially those who controlled any mechanism were simply called "mechanic", and only later did the redistribution of the duties of specialists take place: a person who understands the principles of the mechanism's operation began to be called a mechanic, and a driver - a professional who controls the mechanism. This profession arose relatively recently, namely when the first steam locomotives appeared. In Russia, this happened in the middle of the century before last.

What does an assistant driver do? First of all, it must be said that the assistant driver is not just an understudy of the main manager of a diesel or electric locomotive. He has his own, very important role and his place in the cab, and a lot depends on the activity of the assistant driver. Assistant driver job assumes employment in all cycles of the trip: before, during the journey and after:

before the trip, the assistant driver must inspect the locomotive and check its technical condition, identify possible malfunctions. He must also check the adhesion of the locomotive to the rolling stock;
during the trip, the assistant driver controls the light and sound signals on the track and reports them to the driver, ensures radio communication and its excellent condition (and this is very important and directly ensures the safety of passengers, as it connects the crew of the car with dispatchers). It also monitors all indications of instruments and sensors and, if necessary, warns the driver about malfunctions. In addition, this specialist must inform the driver where and when to increase or decrease the speed of the locomotive;
after the trip, the assistant inspects the locomotive, unhooks it from the rolling stock and, together with the driver, takes it to the sidings.

To summarize, we can conclude: driver's assistant job is reduced to ensuring the safety of passengers in transport, the serviceability of the rolling stock and the acquisition of experience and professional skills that will subsequently help the specialist to independently operate the locomotive.

What personal qualities should an assistant driver have?

Because the professional duties assistant driver not much different from the activities of the person responsible for driving the locomotive, personal qualities This specialist, first of all, should include responsibility and discipline. In addition, the most important requirements for an assistant driver are:

good reaction;
attentiveness;
caution;
discretion;
endurance;
good visual memory;
the ability to quickly switch attention;
stress tolerance;
visual acuity and hearing;
high coordination of movement;
propensity to work with technology.

The driver's assistant is a profession in which people who have not received special education cannot work. You need to know a lot: the features of the train, the operation of the locomotive, ways of communication, as well as to know thoroughly specifications trains, be able to read readings from complex instruments and control the normal operation of the locomotive.

Benefits of being an assistant driver

Main the advantage of being an assistant the driver is in high demand. Despite the active development of air and sea water transport, the railway in Russia is still the main means of transportation and transportation of goods. Therefore, the need for such specialists will only increase in the coming years.

Another advantage of this profession is the fact that the work of the locomotive crew is highly paid. The risks in the profession are very high, and the pay should be decent - today, specialists directly involved in the management of the train, on average, receive about 40-50 thousand rubles.

Not to mention the great potential career development. Not only that, after several years successful work an assistant driver can become a driver or move to the position of a foreman or head of a section in a depot. In the long term, in this profession, there is no upper career ceiling at all - you can even become the Minister of Railways.

Since technology is constantly improving, the assistant driver must constantly develop his technical skills and gain new knowledge, and this is an excellent opportunity to increase his level of erudition and "train" the brain. In other words, a specialist in this field can safely consider himself an intellectually developed person who understands the latest achievements of science and technology.

And lastly, there are increased health requirements for the employees of the locomotive crew (the health status of both the driver and his assistant is monitored before each trip), so representatives of this profession do not have to worry about the presence of any pathologies and chronic diseases.

Disadvantages of being an assistant driver

Disadvantages of being an assistant driver associated with harsh working conditions. Constant work in the closed space of the locomotive cab, strain on vision and hearing, vibration, noise, road dust - all this accompanies the locomotive crew throughout the working day. This does not exclude a high degree of fatigue at the end of the working day, and the driver's assistant is simply obliged to have a good rest, which is not always possible. Otherwise, fatigue accumulates, which can lead to irreversible consequences.

It is also worth noting the assistant driver - this is a profession with high risk for the life and health of a specialist. Disasters in transport, unfortunately, are not uncommon. Therefore, it cannot be argued that given profession absolutely safe. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the purely psychological disadvantage of the profession - a high degree of responsibility for the safety and life of people, which leads to increased anxiety.

The job of a long-distance train driver is one of the most promising. Here they pay well, well rewarded. How to become a long distance train driver? Let's figure it out.

And here's what you need to understand right away. This work is exclusively male and difficult. There are no self-taught people in this profession; they will not be hired here if they have health problems.

And most importantly, this profession cannot be mastered in courses, it can be obtained only after passing a full-fledged training. The good news is that training as a long-distance train driver really gives the maximum salary opportunities in Russian Railways among drivers and fully pays for all the time spent.

Long distance train driver training

Anyone who can become a long-distance driver will be trained at a railway college, technical school or institute. Only after the education is received, you can get a job at the depot as an assistant driver.

At the same time, in order to start a career and become a long-distance train driver earlier and not waste time in vain, especially since everything has already been decided with the profession, you can act after the 9th grade of the school.

Graduates of the 9th grade are accepted for study by railway technical schools and colleges. Students study disciplines: technical specifications, rules for the movement of a locomotive on a railway, safety precautions, plumbing, radio communications, locomotive devices, electrics and other others, this knowledge is quite enough to drive a train.

Training as a long-distance train driver at a university

The machinist's career will go faster if there is a diploma of higher education. After a technical school or 11th grade of a school, you can enter the Institute of Communications. In universities, they study the same disciplines as in colleges, only according to an in-depth program. University graduates, having completed successful training, have all the privileges to get a job at Russian Railways and work as a long-distance train driver.

How to become a long-distance train driver at Russian Railways?

There is still an opportunity to unlearn in specialized training centers at RZD. In such centers, they pass theory, practice, and at the end of the training course, after successfully passing exams, they issue a certificate with the right to drive a train. But these are not training courses, but full-fledged and rather lengthy training.

It’s hard to say where and how to unlearn to become a long-distance train driver. Each case is individual. It is obvious that those who successfully pass all stages of training definitely find their place among the employees. There are many trains and there are always places in Russian Railways.

But let the profession is not so simple and does not end with training at an educational institution. When you already have a diploma of education in your hands, you will need to proceed to the next stage - an internship.

The trainee usually works under the tutelage of an experienced machinist who has at least 3 years of work experience. The assistant driver will be trained for at least 3 months, and practical training will end only when the driver sees that the trainee is ready for long-distance flights with passengers on his own. Then he will be able to drive the locomotive and he is awarded the qualification of a train driver.

This does not mean that the long-distance train driver ends his training at this point. Now his career begins. Then he takes a course for advanced training in specialized licensed institutions.

In total, drivers have 3 skill levels:

The first level is 3rd grade. The driver must work driving the locomotive without accidents for one year.
The second level is the assignment of class 2. The driver must work in suburban communications, transporting passengers or goods for at least 2 years, if there is a diploma of higher or secondary special education, then at least 1 year without accidents.
The highest level is the assignment of 1 class. After the driver has received the 2nd class of qualification, he must work for at least 2 years without accidents, as for graduates, at least one year.

Each stage of the category upgrade is accompanied by a medical commission, and if the slightest health problems are identified, you can forget about a career. But such is the work in this profession, and when choosing training as a long-distance train driver, this must be taken into account.

At the driver, each work shift begins with a medical examination and briefing. He should replace rested, healthy and with focused attention.

Let's summarize how to become a long-distance train driver. The first step will be admission to a college, university or technical school. You can enter a college and a technical school after grades 9 and 11, to an institute - after 11 grades of school and after graduating from college.

Based on the results of the training, the graduate is waiting for an internship as an assistant under the guidance of a mentor - a machinist. During the internship, the assistant gains experience, and also improves his skills, and if everything is done correctly, he passes the medical commission, receives a category and starts work.

Here's how to become a long-distance train driver and here's what you need to do to get there.