21. 06. 2018 Comments: 0

What is the difference between a profession and a profession?

If you do not fully understand the difference between professions and specialties of secondary vocational education, then you have come to the right page. Let's talk in simple words.

For decades in our country there was a system of vocational education, which included three levels:

1. Primary professional education(schools and professional lyceums)
2. Secondary vocational education (technical schools and colleges)
3. Higher professional education (institutes, universities, academies)

Everything was simple and clear. You choose the desired level of education and submit documents to the appropriate educational institution.

Law entered into force in 2013 the federal law"On Education" excluded such a level as primary vocational education. The level of NGOs is gone. Schools were transformed into technical schools.

There was confusion. Turning to a technical school or college, people do not always understand what level of education they are offered to receive there.

Now in colleges and technical schools you can get education at two levels:

1. Qualified worker. A student at this level receives profession. This is exactly the level of education that was previously given in schools. Working profession and nothing more. Take even small leadership positions with such an education will not work.
2. Mid-level specialist. After graduating from a technical school or college, such a student will receive speciality. This is the level of education that used to be called secondary special or technical school.

When you apply to a college or technical school and are in doubt about the level of education you are offered a program of study, just ask:

Is this a profession or specialty?

If you get an answer that this is a profession, then this is the level of the school. If it's a specialty, then it's more high level education is preferable.

Do you have any questions? Ask in the comments.

When training young people for working professions, a significant role is assigned to institutions of secondary vocational education. Oddly enough, but modern world there is a lack of training for practitioners. The shortage of workers can be compensated by the initial professional training, the level of which increases over time due to the use of high technologies.

In contact with

Key priorities

Reimburse shortage of workers helps secondary vocational(SPO). Professions of primary vocational education, which were previously considered not prestigious, today have become in demand. This is due to the lack technical specialists. Institutions of primary vocational education, who train middle-level personnel are becoming popular, their rating is constantly increasing. Young people are trained in 280 specialties, and this list is constantly growing along with the advent of new technologies.

Where can you get a job

Applicants are available educational institutions of primary and advanced levels. What is related to primary vocational education. These are mainly secondary specialized educational institutions (colleges).

Varieties:

• technical schools, where students receive basic professional knowledge and skills;
• colleges - offer an increased level of training, often open at universities. Education is conducted using in-depth programs, upon graduation, students can continue their studies to get a higher education;
• or vocational schools allow you to get an initial vocational education, studying proccess here is built according to individual plans.

Upon completion of secondary vocational education, students receive an NGO diploma with the qualification of “entry-level specialist”. Organizations with in-depth teaching assign the qualification of "junior specialist".

Modern standards

What is Primary Education? As already mentioned, NGOs provide lyceums and vocational schools (translation - vocational technical school). They are quite in demand: according to the latest data, up to one and a half million people study in them. Graduates of vocational schools receive not only an NGO diploma, but also additional rights:

Upon graduation, you can optionally

1. Continue to study at a college or technical school on an abbreviated program, which includes previously studied areas.
2. Get a secondary education, but first you have to pass a state certification.
3. Enter university.

Schools provide vocational training, give a minimum of theory and a maximum of practice, teach working professions.

Advanced standards

who decided to become competent mid-level specialist in a certain area or a production worker, must necessarily enter a technical school or college. They provide theoretical knowledge combined with some practical training. In Russia there are 2.5 thousand similar establishments, in which they study up to 2.3 million people. The qualification "specialist" students receive by introducing special subjects with in-depth study into the program, the presence of professional practice and the introduction of an additional specialty, which is acquired in parallel with the main one. The level of training is as close as possible to higher education institutions according to criteria such as:

• the number of teaching hours;
• the presence of a credit and examination system;
• practice of writing term papers and dissertations.

Unlike universities, requirements in colleges are more forgiving, therefore, colleges and technical schools are considered the initial stage of obtaining higher education. They prepare students for successful entry in the specialty immediately to the second year of the university. After graduation, students are given the opportunity to continue their studies at the university under an abbreviated program. Graduates enjoy various benefits when entering the university to which their college is attached. Advanced students combine their studies with their chosen work (for example, while studying at a medical school, they work as a nurse in a polyclinic). This is a significant plus.

Admission

Who has the opportunity to enroll in secondary specialized educational institutions and under what conditions? This right is given to:

• applicants who have received incomplete or basic secondary education;
• persons with primary vocational education. Moreover, this category gets the right to enter without entrance exams.

Before admission, you must submit a package of documents to the selection committee:

• original certificates of incomplete (complete) secondary education;
• photo 3 by 4 cm in the amount of 4 pieces;
• photocopy of passport or birth certificate.

Additional conditions for admission:

• the applicant may be asked to pass an interview;
• in the case when there are more applicants for admission than free places, testing is carried out in basic school subjects;
• many institutions hold a competition for the average score of school certificates.

As for the college and technical school, enrollment in them is carried out according to the results of entrance exams, often taking into account the average score of the certificate.

Important! The main condition for rendering educational services is a license. Therefore, when entering an educational institution, try to make sure that such a document is available and its validity period has not expired.

What benefits are provided

As in any other educational institutions, when entering a secondary school or a vocational school, there is list of benefits that applicants can use:

• children from other cities receive the right to live in a hostel;
• out of competition, children of preferential categories are accepted for training: the disabled, orphans, who are under guardianship, and others.

Worth paying attention way of submitting documents. For the convenience of applicants, especially e x who live far enough away from educational institution, today it is possible to submit documents via Internet technologies. To do this, you just need to fill out a questionnaire and submit copies of documents. Originals can be brought after admission.

Learning features

Secondary vocational education can be obtained through the following forms:

• full-time;
• correspondence.

NGO Diploma issued after 2-3 years if you entered after finishing nine classes, and after 1-3 years if you first completed basic education (11 classes at school). Terms also depend on the chosen specialty.

Important! For ninth-graders, the term of study at a college and technical school is 3-4 years, and for all the rest - up to three years.

Advantages of the absentee form

The opinion of many applicants who believe that distance learning creates a lot of unnecessary problems. Quite the contrary, given form learning opens up many possibilities. In addition, it will be possible to study, combining study with work. Many institutions practice online learning. This is quite simple: having received certain tasks and recommendations, you need to complete them and send the answers and completed tasks to the teacher in in electronic format. You will need to visit the institution only during the session.

Extramural studies presupposes the acquisition of secondary education. In this case professional practice the student goes through the entire course of study: increases the level of knowledge in the specialty and at the same time gains experience. This is highly valued by employers.

Primary and secondary vocational education

What should modern vocational education look like?

Output

After getting acquainted with the information about what initial professional training is and how NGO differs from other institutions, it will be much easier for applicants to decide on the implementation of their requests and achieve their goals. If you plan to continue your studies at higher educational institutions, then College should be prioritized. We advise you to choose educational institutions under the patronage of the relevant universities.

Technical professions can be obtained at a lyceum or vocational school. As for the specialties of the humanitarian orientation (accountant or educator), it is better to choose a college. Which of the educational institutions is more suitable is up to you.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

ORDER dated September 28, 2009 N 354 ON APPROVAL OF THE LIST OF SPECIALTIES OF INITIAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

In accordance with paragraph 5.2.2 of the Regulations on the Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 15, 2004 N 280 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2004, N 25, Art. 2562; 2005, N 15, Art. 1350; 2006, N 18, Art. 2007; 2008, N 25, item 2990; N 34, item 3938; N 48, item 5619; 2009, N 3, item 378; N 14, item 1662), I order:

• Approve the attached List of professions of primary vocational education (hereinafter - the List).

Install that:

• The list has been applied since January 1, 2010 for admission to the main professional educational programs of primary vocational education, implemented in accordance with federal state educational standards;
• Training of persons enrolled before January 1, 2010 for training in basic educational programs primary vocational education, implemented in accordance with state educational standards, for the professions provided for by the List of professions of primary vocational education, approved resolution Government of the Russian Federation of December 8, 1999 N 1362 (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1999, N 51, Art. 6339), is carried out in accordance with the specified standards until the completion of training.
• To impose control over the execution of this order on the Deputy Minister Kalina I.I.