These are professions in which work is directed to artistic objects or the conditions for their creation. All professions of the type "human - artistic image»can be divided into subtypes in accordance with historically isolated types of artistic representation of reality.

1. Professions related to visual activity.

2. Professions related to musical activity.

3. Professions related to literary and artistic
noah activity.

4. Professions related to acting and stage activities.

The listed subtypes are not strictly limited from each other and are more or less strongly intertwined.

The first manifestations and forms of art in the history of mankind (image, song, dance) have always been by no means idle, but the most important public affair - the affair of the collective. The song set the rhythm of joint work or created the necessary mood (mournful, joyful or fighting). A drawing or dance determined and specified intentions, goals, plans, served as a kind of preparation for hunting, combat, etc. Art was associated with the life support of society, labor.

In the process of human development, there was a separation and isolation of the production of artistic values ​​from the production of material values. Artists have emerged. They satisfy their material needs by those who work in the area Agriculture, industry, and in return they bring aesthetic values ​​​​to the common cause.

There is a natural exchange of products of labor. Of course, from time to time a “piano freaked out” appears, to which it begins to seem that “it plays for itself”, in other words, ideas appear that art is something exceptional (“art for art’s sake”, etc.). This is no more witty a position than if someone were to proclaim: "industry for industry", "beekeeping for beekeeping" and so on. In any field of work, skill can be unattainably high; however, not in any area it is expressed in spectacular effects. Therefore, not all areas of labor have the same conditions for “pride” to take possession of a person.

One of the features of professions of this type is that a significant proportion of the worker's labor costs remain hidden from an outside observer. Moreover, special efforts are often made to create the effect of lightness, ease of the final product of labor. So, the performance of the artist can last in public for several minutes. But in order for it to take place, the artist works daily and for many hours to improve and maintain his skills at the required level, strictly observes a special regime, etc.

By choosing the appropriate professional path, it is important to think about this implicit side of labor, which may turn out to be an unbearable price for success. In order for work to bring satisfaction, it is important to cultivate a realistic level of claims to social recognition (not to claim more recognition than what you deserve based on the real results of your work). However, this is not easy to achieve if someone has already managed to praise a person. A person with an unrealistic level of claims drives away the idea that the true reason for the lack of resounding success is in himself. He is inclined to explain failures by the actions of other people (“interfered”, “do not let pass”, “envy”, “slow down”, etc.).

Subtypes of professions of the type "Man - Artistic image"

Professions related to visual activity:

Wallpaper painter, tiler, photographer, toy painter, engraver, woodcarver, jewelry inlay cutter, make-up artist, lighting designer, restorer, production designer.

Professions related to music:

Piano tuner, accompanist, vocalist, orchestra artist, musical toy tuner.

Professions related to writing:

Editor, newspaper employee, correspondent, writer.

Professions related to acting and stage activities:

Drama artist, circus performer, intraveling concert.

So, you have determined the type of profession that suits you, and now we will determine which class your future profession belongs to.

"Man is an artistic image"

Here the main, leading subject of labor is the artistic image, the methods of its construction.

Professions: artist, painter, musician, designer, stone carver, literary worker.

Professions of the "man - artistic image" type include:

¦ professions related to fine arts;

¦ professions related to musical activity;

¦ professions associated with literary and artistic activities;

¦ professions related to acting and stage activities.

Test for determining the type of personality according to the method of D. Holland.

Diagnostic goal: assessment of professional personality type. Holland, as a representative of the concept of individuality, developed a methodology for determining social orientation personality. He distinguished six types.

1. Realistic type - non-social, stable, focused on the present, deals with specific objects (things, animals, machines) and their practical use.

Preferred activities: mechanical activities, driving large machines, heavy equipment, operating machinery and using tools that require precision, dexterity, fine motor coordination (drilling, lathes, dentist's drill, surgical scalpel, jewelry tools); construction, repair, military activities, design work; any activity that gives a tangible result prefers action to thinking, specific tasks over difficult and abstract problems.

Abilities possessed by the R-type:

• - physical strength, psychomotor skills, manual dexterity;
• - mechanical ability, ingenuity;
• - mathematical ability.

Personal qualities and values: emotional stability, reliability; practicality, thrift; perseverance, perseverance, self-confidence, risk appetite, purposefulness; modesty, shyness, frankness, sincerity, naturalness; independence, conservatism, propensity to support traditional values; rigidity, slow acceptance of new ideas, subordination, conformity; performs the work without further ado, works carefully, accurately, systematically; prefers a clear regulation of work, wants to know what, how and when to do; does not like long conversations, negotiations, discussions.

Most dissimilar to the C-type. Interaction with this type can cause unfriendliness, harshness, misunderstanding. He is closest to I- and K-types and prefers to work with them.

Preferred environment:

• - nature, countryside;
• - Least interaction with other people;
• - situations requiring casual clothing;
• - organizations with rigid hierarchical subordination and authoritarianism (armed forces, ATC, etc.);
• - firms producing specific, tangible products;
• - transport, engineering, technical, energy enterprises.

Intelligent type. Preferred activities: collection of information, its systematization, analysis; performing complex or abstract tasks; problem solving through thinking, analysis of hypotheses and theories; independent, independent work relying on oneself; performance of scientific or laboratory work; prefers thought to action.

Abilities possessed by the I-type:

• - mathematical abilities;
• - analytical skills;
• - scientific inclinations, inclinations for rational logical analysis;
• - writing skills;
• - rationality, erudition.

Personal qualities and values: independence, independence, self-motivation, task orientation, immersion in work; restraint, introspectiveness, propensity to analyze, rationality, methodicalness; curiosity, intelligence, originality, creativity, erudition; self-confidence, focus on non-traditional values ​​and attitudes; working style: finds out many details before coming to a conclusion, wants to find out the reasons behind this or that phenomenon, can focus too much on details and not see the whole problem, often finds it difficult to express an opinion or make a decision without revisiting information.

Most unlike the P-type. Relationships with this type give rise to too many problems and questions for the I-type. Most similar to types R and A.

Preferred environment:

• - semi-structured organizations that provide freedom in work activities;
• - achievement-oriented organizations, research and design laboratories and firms, universities and institutes;
• - limited communication with other people.

Artistic type. Preferred activities: artistic creativity(painting, sculpture, photography, jewelry making, design, composition, literary creativity, etc.), playing musical instruments; performing acting.

A-type abilities:

• - imagination, creativity;
• - musical ability;
• - artistic abilities;
• - verbal-linguistic abilities;
• - sense of harmony, taste.

Personal characteristics and values: independence, autonomy, non-conformism; impulsiveness, expressiveness, emotionality, sensitivity; impracticality, disorder; intuitiveness, focus on the values ​​of beauty and aesthetics, imagery of thinking; desire for self-expression, demonstrativeness; originality, openness, freedom from conventions; allows alternative solutions to problems.

Most of all, it is unlike the T-type, close to the I- and C-type.

Preferred environment:

• - unstructured, flexible organizations that provide an opportunity for self-expression (artistic studios, theaters, concert halls etc.);
• - organizations that teach artistic skills (musical and art schools, institutes of arts, etc.);
• - museums, libraries, galleries, advertising and design firms.

social type. Preferred activities: focus on working in a group with people, not with objects; teaching, explanation, clarification; assistance, advice; organizing group events, conducting discussions.

Abilities possessed by the C-type:

• - verbal abilities;
• - Skills of communication and interaction with people;
• - teaching, oratory skills;
• - listening skills.

Personal characteristics and values: humanistic, idealistic, ethical, responsible, moral, cooperative, attuned to others, understanding others; tactful, emotionally warm, friendly, cheerful, optimistic;

Most of all, it is unlike the P-type and is close to the A- and P-types.

Preferred environment:

• - social organizations, schools, religious organizations, recruiting agencies;
• - medical institutions, psychiatric, psychotherapeutic, psychological advisory services;
• - social protection agencies.

Enterprising type. Preferred Activities: Working with others in organizations to achieve organizational goals and economic success; financial and interpersonal risk, participation in competitive activities; sale, purchase, commerce, entrepreneurship; holding group meetings, managing organizations, companies, managing people and projects; conducting political campaigns, elections, presentations, etc.

Abilities possessed by the P-type:

• - organizational skills, verbal skills, oratorical skills, the ability to persuade;
• - management and leadership abilities;
• - social and interpersonal skills;
• - propensity for entrepreneurial activity.

Personal qualities and values: striving for power, for a leadership position, for a high status; ambition, gambling, competitiveness, dominance, self-confidence, aggressiveness, adventurism; extraversion, sociability, sociability; focus on money, power, material well-being; optimism, energy, love of popularity.

Interaction with the I-type is most difficult, it works best with the C- and K-types.

Preferred environment:

• - posts in state and political organizations with power, at the disposal of large finances;
• - industrial firms, retail and wholesale, sales agencies land plots, houses, real estate, brokerage firms.

conventional type. Preferred activities: work that requires attention to detail and accuracy; management of office equipment; maintenance of file cabinets, storage and systematization of records, facts, data, financial books; writing reports, preparing diagrams, tables, diagrams.

K-type abilities:

• - arithmetic abilities;
• - office skills;
• - manual fine motor skills;
• - organization, punctuality, pedantry, accuracy.

Personal qualities and values: conscientiousness, perseverance, practicality, honesty; self-control, conservatism, caution, conformity; thrift, interest in money, material well-being; To get the job done effectively, you need a clear plan.

Most dissimilar to type A, closest to types P and P.

Preferred environment:

• - this type, as well as type P, works well in large organizations, and prefers not a leader, but a subordinate role;
• - large corporations financial institutions, banks, accounting offices;
• - quality control departments, archives, file cabinets, inspections;
• - well-structured organizations with a strictly hierarchical structure

The Dembo-Rubinshtein technique modified by A.M. Parishioners for a self-esteem study.

This technique is based on direct estimation (scaling) of the series personal qualities, such as health, abilities, character, authority among peers, appearance, self-confidence, the ability to do a lot with your own hands. Based on the ratio of the level of development of these qualities (an indicator of self-esteem) in the subject and the level of claims, i.e. the level of development of these qualities that would satisfy him, we will draw conclusions about the height of self-esteem.

: typology E.A. Klimov, which classifies professions according to and the typology of Dutch professions, which connects the type of personality and the type of professional environment chosen by a person.

Typology of professions E.A. Klimov

Klimov identified five objects of labor: , technique, sign, nature. In the first part of the name of the type of profession, the subject of labor is indicated, which is always a person.

Man is man- all professions related to the upbringing, service, training of people, communication with them. This group includes all pedagogical and medical professions, service professions and others.

Man is technology- all professions related to the creation, maintenance and operation of equipment. These are such professions as: design engineer, car mechanic, system administrator and others.

Man is a work of art- all professions related to the creation, copying, reproduction and study of artistic images. This group includes such professions as: artist, actor, singer, restorer, art critic and others.

Man is nature- all professions related to the study, protection and transformation of nature. This group includes such professions as: veterinarian, gardener, agronomist, ecologist and others.

Man is a sign- all professions related to the creation and use of sign systems (digital, alphabetic, musical). This group includes translators of artistic and technical texts, analysts, financiers and others.

The peculiarity of the application of this classification in our time is that simple professions with one object of labor are becoming a thing of the past and they are being replaced by professions with several objects of labor, or with a complex object of labor. For example, the profession of a landscape designer simultaneously belongs to the type of man-nature and to the type of man-artistic image.

Typology of professions by J. L. Holland

Holland proceeded in his classification from the fact that a person's choice of professional space is an expression of his personality. A person's achievements in one or another type of career depend on the correspondence between the characteristics of the individual and the characteristics of the professional environment.

He singled out six personality types and six types of professional environment.

Name	Personality type	Type of professional environment
Realistic	People who are action oriented, decision making, unemotional, athletic or mechanical, love technique, take risks	Activities related to the manipulation of tools, with technology. As well as most of the "male" professions.
Research	people oriented to cognitive activity who love to observe, analyze, explore, decide.	Research work. Experts in various fields, analytics.
Artistic	People who are focused on self-expression and the attention of others, creative, expressive, original, prone to non-conformism, have rich intuition and imagination, are informal.	The sphere of art, professions associated with attracting attention, presenting something.
Social	People who are focused on communication, on relationships with other people, vulnerable, sensitive, prone to altruism, do not like systematic activity, love the collective nature of work, and have communication skills.	Most professions aimed at working with people are social activities.
Entrepreneurial	People who are ambitious, impact-oriented, create and implement own ideas, management, search for solutions, high social activity.	Business, politics, lawyer services, etc.
Conventional	People focused on the systematization and reproduction of information, data manipulation. Little emotional, accurate, punctual, pedantic, executive.	Work on systematization of storage and reproduction of any information. A job that requires a lot of perseverance and precision. Work in areas such as accounting, finance, archives, libraries, etc.

There are certain patterns of combination of personality type and environment type

Personality type	Medium type
Realistic
Research
Artistic
Social
Entrepreneurial
Conventional

• "+" - favorable
• "++" - very favorable

• "-" - not favorable
• "- -" - very unfavorable

"man - man", "man - technology", "man - nature", "man - sign system"," a person is an artistic image "

The first feature of professions type "Man - man" is that the main content of labor here is reduced to the interaction between people. If this interaction does not go well, then the work does not go well either. For example, if a leader, propagandist, educator does not establish good relationships with those people whom he leads, convinces of something, whom he must educate, then the most important thing in work is missing. Success is not possible here. So, strictly speaking, there is no genuine work.

The second feature of professions of this type is that each of them requires a kind of double preparation from a person:
a) you need to learn, be able to establish and maintain contacts with people, understand people, understand their characteristics;
b) you need to be trained in a particular field of production, science, technology, art, etc.
If the organizer manages a group of working people, then he must know well the essence of the work they perform. Without this, he will not be able to correctly understand the actions, behavior, thoughts and intentions of his subordinates. This does not mean that he should know and be able to do everything better than any of the subordinates. Often this is not possible or necessary. The director of the theater should not dance better than the prima ballerina, the director of the factory should not be the best toolmaker, the director of the school cannot know all the subjects as thoroughly as each of the subject teachers knows his business. But many features of the work of subordinates, the leader, nevertheless, must clearly imagine.

The service worker also deals not only with people, but also with the values ​​that he conveys to consumers. Values ​​can be material or spiritual. Material - food, clothing, household items. Spiritual - useful information, works of science, art. It is clear that you need to deeply understand what you are trying to convey to people.

In the field of professions of the type "Man - man", we distinguish several subtypes:
1. Professions related to production management, management of people, teams.
2. Professions related to the education and upbringing of people, the organization of children's groups, professional training.
3. Professions related to material and domestic, commercial services to people.
4. Professions related to the information service of people.
5. Professions related to the information and artistic service of people and the leadership of art groups.
6. Professions related to the medical care of people.

"Man - technology". In professions of this type, such subjects as physics, chemistry, mathematics, and drawing help to navigate. It should be noted that the field of technical objects includes not only "pieces of iron", but also all kinds of non-metallic materials - fabrics, plastics, food raw materials, semi-finished products. The field of technology must be understood broadly.

This is the largest (in terms of the number of professions and specialties) type of professions. The work of professionals here is directed, of course, not only to technology. So, a radio equipment installer takes care, in particular, about the beauty of installation, a trolley bus driver communicates with people in the course of work, an operator or a mechanic can calculate something, calculate, and a crane driver can be busy loading cages, say, with zoo inhabitants sent on tour. But, nevertheless, the main subject of professional attention and concern of workers in this case is the area of ​​technical objects and their properties. Still, the crane operator (crane operator) is a specialist in managing a crane, a mechanic is a metalworker.
Professions type "Man - technology" so many that we have to distinguish several subtypes:
1. Professions related to the processing, extraction of soil, rocks.
2. Professions in the processing and use of non-metallic industrial materials, products, semi-finished products.
3. Professions in the production and processing of metal, mechanical assembly, installation of machines, instruments, equipment.
4. Professions for the repair, adjustment, maintenance of mechanical equipment, technological machines, installations, Vehicle.
5. Professions in the installation, repair of buildings, structures, structures.
6. Professions in the assembly, installation of electrical and radio equipment, instruments, devices.
7. Professions for the repair, adjustment, maintenance of electrical equipment, instruments, apparatus.
8. Professions related to the use of lifting, transport vehicles, their management.
9. Professions in the processing of agricultural products.

Along with a creative approach to business in the field of technology, a high level of performance discipline. Discipline is everywhere, of course, needed. But technology, with its precision, is especially sensitive to this quality of workers.

"Man is nature". By this, we mean precisely wildlife, in which biological subjects, sciences (botany, zoology, anatomy, physiology, general biology). The work of a person in the field of professions of the type "Man - nature" is directed only to the objects mentioned above. So, for example, plant breeders use various and complex techniques in their practice. Working in a team, they, in particular, are busy building interpersonal relationships. They also have to deal with accounting issues, economic evaluation of his labor. There are even such professions of this type that necessarily require artistic inclinations (along with inclinations for biology, botany). For example, there are flower growers-decorators, green building technicians (specialists in urban greening, populated areas). But, nevertheless, the main subject of attention and concern of workers in this case is plants and their environment.

The same is true of the animal husbandry professions. Animal husbandry today is increasingly transferred to an industrial basis, equipped with machinery. The livestock breeder is also a machine operator. But if he does not have a special relationship, special inclinations to work specifically with animals (and there is only an interest in technology), then animal husbandry is in trouble.

The microbiologist is surrounded on all sides by laboratory equipment, and the biological object itself is not even visible to the naked eye. But here, too, the main thing is the interest in the phenomena of living life. And technology is a means, but not the main subject of labor.

When choosing a profession such as "Man - nature" it is very important to take into account the following. For many people, nature acts as an attractive environment associated with recreation. Residents of the city tend to go to nature after work or during vacations, the guys go to pioneer camps, etc. But this is not the love for nature that is expected from a professional in the field of "Man - nature." It is very important for you to figure out exactly how you love nature: as a workshop in which you are going to give all your strength to the production of this or that product, or maybe you just like to take a walk in the forest, breathe, lie on the lawn? You need to test your love for nature for strength in practical socially useful work.

If you are going to think seriously about choosing a profession like "Human - Nature", it is important to consider the following as well. The peculiarity of biological objects of labor is that they are complex, changeable, non-standard. They change in their internal laws. And plants, and animals, and microorganisms live, grow, develop (and also get sick, die) without any days off. The worker needs not only to “keep in mind” a lot, but also mentally foresee changes in the objects of labor.

The employee is required to take initiative and independence in solving specific labor tasks. Such qualities as caring and foresight are important. Indeed, many changes in animal and plant organisms may turn out to be irreversible (plants may wither, die from pests, epidemic diseases of livestock may begin, etc.). Changing working conditions require the employee to creatively solve emerging problems.

"Man is a sign"(or "Man - sign system"). A test of strength for you in this area in the past could be a fulfillment written works in various subjects, keeping records, diaries, orderly accumulation and storage of various kinds of information (cuttings, extracts, card files), translation from one language to another, performing calculations, calculations, drawings, diagrams. Even N.V. Gogol once noticed that one can have an inclination in such a special reality as letters, signs. His hero is engaged in an important business for that time - he rewrites business papers ( typewriters then it was not): “It was hardly possible to find a person who would live like that in his position. It is not enough to say that he served zealously—no, he served with love. There, in this rewriting, he saw his own diverse and pleasant world. Pleasure was expressed on his face; some letters he had favorites, to which, if he got to, he was not himself: he laughed, and winked, and helped with his lips, so that in his face, it seemed, one could read every letter that his pen drew.

Yes, you can love signs, sign systems. And this is no worse and no less important than loving machines or, say, plant crops as objects of labor. Modern man immersed in the world of signs and sign systems: drawings, diagrams, topographic and geographic Maps, numerical data, tables, formulas, signatures, inscriptions, texts, road signs, various kinds of conventional signals - all these are integral features of the manifestation of modern civilization and culture. This means that appropriate specialists are also needed.

Professions type "Man is a sign" so diverse that it's time to talk about their varieties, subtypes.
1. Professions in which work is aimed at the creation and execution of documents (in native or foreign language), office work, text analysis or their transformation, transcoding.
2. Professions in which labor is directed to numbers, quantitative ratios.
3. Professions in which work is directed to systems of conventional signs, schematic representations of objects.

In the conditions of modern culture, signs that do not have a pictorial resemblance to the designated object play an important role (words do not look like the objects in question, notes do not look like music, money does not look like goods, mathematical formulas that describe and allow you to determine the course of the aircraft, do not look like an airplane, nor the trajectory of its flight, etc.). Therefore, in order to work successfully in any of the professions of this type, one needs special inclinations to mentally immerse himself in the world of seemingly dry designations, to be distracted from the actual objective properties of the surrounding world and to focus on the information that certain signs carry with them. When working with signs, as well as when working with other realities, there are tasks of control, verification, accounting, processing of information, as well as tasks of inventing new signs, sign systems. In other words, in this area of ​​labor, as in any other, there are unique opportunities for creativity.

You more often choose professions in which work is aimed at art objects or the conditions for their creation. These are specialties, professions such as "Man is a work of art."
The whole field of professions of the "Man - an artistic image" type can be divided into subtypes in accordance with the historically isolated types of artistic representation of reality.
1. Professions related to fine arts.
2. Professions related to musical activity.
3. Professions related to literary and artistic activities.
4. Professions related to acting and stage activities.
The first manifestations and forms of art in the history of mankind (image, song, dance) have always been by no means idle, but the most important public matter, not the work of individuals, but of the collective. The song organized the rhythm of joint work or created the necessary mood (mournful, joyful or fighting). A drawing or dance defined and clarified intentions, goals, plans, served as a kind of preparation, for example, for hunting, combat, etc. Art was associated with the life support of society, with labor.
In the process of human development, the separation and isolation of the production of artistic values ​​from the production of material values ​​gradually took place. Artists have emerged. They satisfy their material needs at the expense of those who work in the field of agriculture, the production of industrial products, and in return for this they bring aesthetic values ​​​​to the common cause. There is a natural exchange of products of labor.
One of the features of professions of this type is that a significant proportion of the worker's labor costs remain hidden from an outside observer. Moreover, special efforts are often made to create the effect of lightness, ease of the final effect of labor. So, the performance of the artist can last in public for several minutes. But for its implementation, the artist daily and for many hours works to improve and maintain his skills at the required level, strictly observes a special regime, etc.

When choosing an appropriate professional path, it is important to think about this implicit side of work, which can also be an unbearable price for success. In order for work to bring satisfaction, it is important to cultivate a realistic level of claims to social recognition (not to claim more recognition than what you deserve based on the real results of your work). However, this is not easy to achieve if someone has already managed to praise a person. A person with an unrealistic level of ambition repels the idea that the true reason for the lack of resounding success is in himself. He is inclined to see these reasons in the actions of other people (“they interfered”, “they don’t let me go”, “envy”, “slow down”, etc.). Beware of being in this position.

The subject of labor for representatives of most professions of the “human sign system” type is:

Artistic image, ways of its construction.

Creation, design of works of art (writer, artist, composer, fashion designer, architect, sculptor, journalist, choreographer);

Reproduction, production of various products according to the model (jeweler, restorer, engraver, musician, actor, cabinet maker);

Reproduction of works of art in mass production (porcelain painter, stone and crystal grinder, painter, printer).

Psychological requirements of professions "man-artistic image":

Artistic ability; developed visual perception;

Observation, visual memory; visual-figurative thinking; creative imagination;

Knowledge of the psychological laws of emotional impact on people.

V. "Man-man".

The subject of labor for representatives of most professions of the "man man" type are:

Specialists in this field have to perform the following activities:

Education, training of people (educator, teacher, sports coach);

Medical care (doctor, paramedic, nurse, nanny);

Household services (salesman, hairdresser, waiter, janitor);

Information service (librarian, guide, lecturer);

Protection of society and the state (lawyer, policeman, inspector, soldier).

Psychological requirements of professions "man-to-man":

The desire to communicate, the ability to easily make contact with strangers;

Sustained good health when working with people;

Kindness, responsiveness;

Excerpt;

The ability to restrain emotions;

The ability to analyze the behavior of others and one's own, to understand the intentions and mood of other people, the ability to understand people's relationships, the ability to resolve differences between them, to organize their interaction;

The ability to mentally put yourself in the place of another person, the ability to listen, take into account the opinion of another person;

The ability to speak, facial expressions, gestures;

Developed speech, the ability to find a common language with different people;

The ability to convince people;

Accuracy, punctuality, composure;

Knowledge of human psychology.

Questionnaire "Who am I" ( M. Kuhn and T. McPartland)

Instruction: Within 15 minutes you must answer the question: “Who am I?” Using 20 words or sentences for this purpose. Do not try to select right or wrong, important or unimportant answers. Write them the way they come to your mind. There are no right or wrong answers here.

Interpretation of results

1. First of all, look at how many words and sentences you managed to write in 15 minutes. This indicator is called level of self-presentation . - This is the level of presentation, presentation of oneself. How large quantity words and sentences you managed to write in the allotted time, the higher your level of self-presentation. By the way, did you use all 15 minutes or did you stop working somewhere in the middle, deciding that you have already said everything possible about yourself? The latter most often indicates that a person has a limited rigid circle of ideas and he never (albeit for various reasons) does not take the opportunity to look beyond this border, to see if there is something interesting or necessary (or maybe something else). , and another).

If you have very few answers - no more than 8, this means that you either do not want to present yourself even to yourself (why? what is so unpleasant or terrible that you can hide from yourself? think about it), or - this is more common - you simply do not think about yourself and use it in Everyday life only some, perhaps the most important, and often the most simple and obvious characteristics. But maybe that's enough for you?

9 to 17 answers- This is an average, moderate level of self-presentation. As with almost any intermediate level, it is difficult to say anything definite here. It seems that a person knows himself, but somehow not very well, maybe he thinks about himself, but somehow not very much.

Those who are low and middle level self-presentation, think about what prevented you from answering? What did you miss? The ability to make an effort on yourself - are you just tired of answering? Couldn't get started right away? Or maybe you controlled yourself too tightly, subjected your answers to strict censorship? Or did you not have enough words to express what you feel? Decide for yourself and write down your answer. It is very important because it shows what exactly needs to be worked on.

When the answers 18 and over this indicates a high level of self-presentation. Usually he testifies that a person looks at himself from different angles, one way or another thinks about himself and, most importantly, is not embarrassed by himself. But attention! Those who have high level self-presentation, see if you have repetitive answers, for example:

"I like rock music";

“In the evenings I often listen to recordings of rock musicians”

“My favorite pastime is listening to music”, etc.

Such repeated answers indicate that a person is concerned about one topic, one problem. And this is very important. But to determine the level of self-presentation, the level of how much you know yourself and can talk about yourself, count all these statements as one. (By the way, this is also useful for those with low and intermediate levels.) How much is left? Underline and write down this important topic for you, even if it now seems strange to you, and not a topic at all (for example, for one young man, such a topic turned out to be that he is short). Think about why you are “stuck” on this characteristic. What is she talking about? And remember, it's almost never random.

Do you have answers more22? Have you outwitted yourself? Maybe you decided - the task is to write as much as possible, and began to write anything, just to get the desired number. Haven't you fallen into the "who's bigger" trap? Have you decided that this is a competition and you must win? Do you always strive only to win? Do you often see a situation of competition where (as, for example, in this case) it was not expected at all? Reread your answers, how many of them really characterize you, and how many are written by chance, just like that? Think about what you win and what you lose, trying to guess what is expected of you and achieve first place?

Analysis of responses in terms of their content.

Family and interpersonal roles (I am mother, wife, son, husband, girlfriend, etc.)

Professional roles (I am a future psychologist, student, entrepreneur, researcher);

Other social roles, mainly these roles relate to the sphere of leisure (I am a collector, an amateur fisherman, an athlete, a reader, a spectator).

Feminine characteristics - personality traits traditionally attributed to the image of a woman (I am caring, sensitive, dependent, gentle, dreamy);

Masculine characteristics - personality traits stereotypically associated with the image of a man (I am strong, courageous, purposeful, independent, independent, aggressive);

Neutral characteristics, personality traits that are not included in the stereotypical characteristics of masculinity-femininity (I am cheerful, beautiful, kind, faithful, accurate, hardworking, lazy).

Separately, it is found out whether the characteristic denoting gender was present in the self-descriptions (I am a man / woman, boy / girl), and the order of its mention is determined (the first three places indicate the significance of this characteristic in the structure of the self-concept of a person).

After processing the results, students are asked to count the number of characteristics in each of the selected categories and enter the results in the table below.

Tab. 1. The results of processing the questionnaire "Who am I"

To be a man or a woman means to constantly be in the conditions of gender evaluation. We evaluate ourselves and others based on ideas about how men and women should be. The ratio of one's own ideas with generally accepted ones plays an important role in the psychological well-being of a person. In accordance with gender stereotypes of masculinity-femininity, men should be competent, dominant, independent, aggressive, self-confident, inclined to reason logically, able to control their feelings, and women should be more passive, dependent, emotional, caring and gentle. Compliance with stereotypes about the roles of men and women suggests that for women the main social roles are family roles, for men - professional roles. It is customary to evaluate men by professional success, and women by the presence of a family and children.

A large number of gender-marked self-determinations indicates that gender identity occupies a leading position in the structure of the self-concept of a person. If among the first three answers there is a self-description indicating gender, and family roles and feminine characteristics in women dominate over professional and masculine ones (in men, vice versa), then we can conclude that this person has a gender-typed self-concept.

A polotyped person is one whose self-definition and behavior matches that which is considered gender-appropriate in society.

If gender is not mentioned at all or is mentioned at the end of the list, and categories such as: "other social roles” and “neutral characteristics” have a large number of references than other categories, then we can talk about a non-polo-typed self-concept.

Self-talk can include both positive and negative characteristics. Given their relationship, it is possible to determine the emotional-evaluative component of the self-concept. If negative self-descriptions relate to gender-specific characteristics, then it can be assumed that a person has an intrapersonal conflict of a gender plan. The range of interpretations of this questionnaire can be expanded.

Analysis of responses in terms of what time they refer to. To the past? To the future? To the present? Are they out of time?

If most of the answers refer to the past, why is this so? Your past seems better to you than your present. Or, on the contrary, there was something in the past that prevents you from living today. Do you still settle scores with him? And how long are you going to live like this, sorting through, like jewels, the day before yesterday's successes and struggling with yesterday's failures? Are you hiding in yesterday from today's tasks and problems? Or do you prefer tomorrow for these purposes and your answers are mainly about what will happen tomorrow.

Most of the answers are out of time? Do they treat today the same way they treat yesterday and tomorrow? Don't you have the feeling that you are changing, that every day poses new challenges for you? Do you like this feeling of stability, constancy? Or maybe you are just afraid to change, afraid of that new, unknown that can manifest itself in you? Are you thereby depriving yourself of the chance to acquire some new qualities, views, ideas?

If your answers combine the past, present and future, and there is still more of the present, this is evidence of a full sense of the time of your life.

Evaluation of responses. Review your answers again. Put next to each of them «+», if you like it about yourself, "-" if you don't like it, "O" if you don't care, and "?" if you can't decide whether you like it about yourself or not. Count the number of characters.

What more - positive or negative? Or maybe mostly zeros or question marks? This is evidence of your attitude towards yourself - whether you accept yourself or reject yourself, love or not, are indifferent or do not know how you feel about yourself. Of course, in reality, self-attitude is a much more complex formation. We have received only the first, most rough guidelines. But they also speak volumes.

Attention! A very difficult moment! Responses like "good", "bad", "kind", "evil", "smart", "stupid", "lucky", "loser"-how much they are the result of your self-reflection, introspection, a how much of a sign, a label that you put on yourself so that no one, and above all you, yourself, would cling to you? Have you built a kind of fortress walls from these tablets, behind which you are going to hide from life and from yourself? This is indeed a very difficult question. The answer to it requires serious thought, effort and even, if you like, courage. But if you can honestly answer it to yourself, you will take an important step towards self-development.

Choice of important answers. Choose answers (preferably at least ten) that you think are most important to you, and write down why you have this or that trait. Where did you get it from? Well, for example, like this: "I'm lazy, because I was not accustomed to systematic work as a child"; or: "I'm smart because I use all my mental faculties to the best of my ability"; or thus: “I am ugly because I was born that way. My sister got beauty, and I am offered to use modesty as the best decoration.

Divide all responses into four categories:

depends on me (mark them with the letter "I");

depends on others (the letter "D") - from whom, by the way?

from chance, fate, maybe even fate (let's put the letter "P");

4) does not depend on anything, it just happened (letter “H”).

Also mark the answer "I don't know". Now count how many answers you have for each category.

What we have just done with you is called in the psychological literature causal attribution(from lat. cause - reason and attributes - I give, I give). Causal attribution is the “attribution of causes”, an explanation of the causes and motives of the behavior of other people or (as we do now) of our own traits, motives, personal characteristics.

Which answers do you have more: "D" answers or "R" answers? Do you consider yourself a toy in the hands of other people or in the hands of fate? Or maybe you even think that a person is what life molds from him, other people? But don't you thereby refuse yourself, from feeling yourself the master of your own "I"?

Are you dominated by the letter "I"? You certainly feel like the master of yourself. But think about it, if in almost all cases you see the cause only in yourself, does this not lead to the fact that you are trying to control everything and everyone in your life, are you trying to extend the principle of causality to all the events of your life? In other words, don't you explain everything that happens to you with some properties that are specific to you. The trolleybus did not arrive on time - this is because I am so unlucky. Something is missing - this is because I am such a blunder (as if nothing is ever lost with others), etc. Particular attention should be paid to this in cases where we are talking about traits in which the negative attitude towards yourself.

Basically the letter "H"? You are again hiding from someone or running away from something, depriving yourself of the chance to analyze and understand something in yourself, in your life, why you are lucky or unlucky. Why don't you do it? You do not want? Maybe you are afraid that you will become more defenseless, insecure? But if you behave like this, it may turn out that all your strength will be spent only on what is called building defenses in psychology, and for real activity, for real life, there will simply be neither strength nor time left. And anyway, why are you so sure that introspection will make you defenseless? Or maybe, on the contrary, you will find in yourself such forces that will convince you that you yourself make your own destiny? In fact, much depends on how we look at things, on the attitude with which we approach everything in the world, including ourselves.

So, you have analyzed your answers to the question “Who am I?”. Record the results of your analysis in a notebook. After a while, you will be able to return to these records and see what you were like when you started working on self-development.

This technique should help you figure out if you know yourself and what exactly you know about yourself, what you want to know about yourself and what you are hiding from yourself.

What do you think, what answers according to this technique are most often found in people who consider themselves losers? Firstly, this is a significant number of role-playing and formal biographical characteristics; secondly, it is the theme of one's own failure, failure; thirdly, their answers mainly relate either to the past or to the future, and, finally, fourthly, they are dominated by negative assessments or “?”, which indicates their dislike for themselves, rejection of themselves or their inability (unwillingness) figure out your relationship with yourself. It turns out interesting with the answers-labels. Most losers do not accept, as psychologists say, this task, they do not want to answer this question and understand it.