Technical and project documentation. Discussion of the issue among specialists

PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING PROJECT DOCUMENTATION

The Architectural and Planning Assignment (APZ), developed by the customer, reflects the requirements of the Committee for Urban Planning and Architecture and is agreed with the Chief Architect of the district (city).

APL includes general data on the projected object (basis for design, characteristics of the site for construction), architectural and planning requirements and recommendations.

The choice of a site for construction is carried out in accordance with the basics of the land legislation of Russia. The dimensions of the site are determined in accordance with the current building codes and regulations, building density standards, taking into account the maximum blocking of industrial buildings and structures, taking into account environmental requirements.

The customer applies for a land plot for construction before territorial administration the area of the city in which the construction is planned.

Territorial administrations of the given region allocate land plots in kind for a certain period of time, the allotment is fixed by the appropriate decision of the territorial administration.

The initial data for the design are compiled by the customer in accordance with the instructions #M12SNiP #S*, applications #MA#S, #MB#S.

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Engineering surveys for construction are necessary to justify investments in construction and development project documentation.

The structure of engineering surveys includes: engineering and geodetic, engineering and geological, engineering and hydrometeorological, engineering and environmental surveys, surveys of soil building materials and water supply sources. Engineering surveys must be carried out by a legal entity and (or) an individual (executors of engineering surveys) who have received appropriate licenses for their production in the prescribed manner.

Materials of engineering surveys are transferred to the customer in the form of a report consisting of text and graphic parts, applications.

The second stage includes the actual design. At this stage, the following work is performed:

Development of project documentation;

Project expertise;

Project approval.

The development of project documentation is carried out mainly on a competitive basis, including through contract bidding (tender).

The main document regulating legal and financial relations, mutual obligations and responsibilities of the parties is an agreement (contract) concluded by the customer with design, design and construction organizations involved by him for the development of project documentation, other legal entities and individuals (hereinafter referred to as design organizations). An integral part of the agreement (contract) should be the design task. The recommended composition and content of the design assignment are given in #M12SNiP #S*.

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* Attention! The document is used only as a recommendation. - Database manufacturer's note.

Together with the design task, the customer issues the following materials to the design organization:

Architectural and planning task;

decision to withdraw land plot;

Initial data for design;

Engineering survey materials;

Approved justifications for investments in construction.

The main design document for the construction of facilities is, as a rule, a feasibility study (FS) - a construction project. Based on the duly approved construction project, working documentation is developed.

The design of objects is carried out in one or two stages, depending on the type of construction and the functional purpose of the object (Table 1).

Table 1

#G0Name

Staged design

one-stage

two-stage

The customer submits the documentation for approval by the construction organization (#M12SNiP #S*). After agreement with the builders and expertise, the documentation is subject to approval.

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* Attention! The document is used only as a recommendation. - Database manufacturer's note.

Reasonable deviations from the requirements of regulatory documents are allowed only if there are permissions from the bodies that approved and (or) put these documents into effect.

State expertise is subject to working projects for the construction of facilities, regardless of ownership and ownership, in accordance with the procedure established in Russian Federation.

Based on the results of the examination, a conclusion is drawn up, which should contain:

Brief description of the project and technical and economic indicators of the project;

Comments and suggestions on design solutions, changes and additions made during the examination process, the expected effect from their implementation;

General conclusions about the feasibility of investment in construction;

The conclusion of the examination is approved by the head of the expert body and sent along with the project to the authority where the project documentation must be approved.

Approval of projects, working projects for the construction of facilities, depending on the sources of its financing, is carried out (#M12SNiP #S*, #Mp.3.8#S):

During construction at the expense of state capital investments financed from the republican budget of the Russian Federation - in the manner established by the State Construction Committee of Russia together with the interested ministries and departments;

During construction at the expense of capital investments financed from the relevant budgets of the republics within the Russian Federation, territories, regions, autonomous entities, the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg - by the relevant government bodies or in the manner established by them;

During construction at the expense of own financial resources, borrowed and attracted funds of investors (including foreign investors) - directly by customers (investors).

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* Attention! The document is used only as a recommendation. - Database manufacturer's note.

Responsible for the development of project documentation are the GUI (GAP), which make up calendar chart project design, coordinate and coordinate the implementation of parts of the project by specialized groups and, after formalization in accordance with the current regulations, transfer the project documentation to the customer.

The project for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures for industrial purposes consists of the following sections:

General explanatory note;

General plan and transport;

Technological solutions;

Organization and working conditions of workers. Production and enterprise management;

Architectural and construction solutions;

Engineering equipment, networks and systems;

Organization of construction;

Security environment;

Engineering and technical measures of civil defense. Measures to prevent emergency situations;

Estimated documentation;

Investment efficiency.

It should be noted that in accordance with #Mch.12, article 48 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation#S, such sections as general plan and transport; technological solutions; organization and working conditions of employees, production and enterprise management; investment efficiency. Design and estimate documentation is a mandatory section of project documentation, developed only in relation to capital construction projectsfinanced from the relevant budgets.

Mandatory existence of a list of measures for civil defense, measures for the prevention of natural and man-made emergencies is provided for by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (#Mch.14 Art. materials and radioactive substances), hazardous production facilities, especially dangerous, technically complex and unique facilities, defense and security facilities.

The composition of the project for the construction of residential and civil facilities consists of the following sections (#M12SNiP #S):

General explanatory note;

Architectural and construction solutions;

Technological solutions;

Solutions for engineering equipment;

Engineering measures civil defense, measures to prevent emergency situations;

Organization of construction (if necessary);

Estimated documentation;

Investment efficiency (if necessary);

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* Attention! The document is used only as a recommendation. - Database manufacturer's note.

A new section of the project documentation is the "List of measures to ensure access for persons with disabilities to healthcare facilities, education, culture, recreation, sports and other social, cultural and domestic facilities, transport, trade, Catering, objects of business, administrative, financial, religious purposes, objects of the housing stock". The introduction of such an independent section of project documentation is due to the requirement #Mst.15 federal law dated 01.01.01 N 181-FZ "On the social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation" # S, according to which the development of design solutions for new construction and reconstruction of buildings, structures and their complexes without adapting these objects for access to them by disabled people and their use disabled people are not allowed. The requirement for the presence of such a section of design documentation does not apply when preparing design documentation for industrial facilities, as well as in the case of preparing design documentation for individual facilities. housing construction. The procedure for implementing the requirements for accessibility for the disabled to social infrastructure facilities #M12RDS #S was approved by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia and the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated 01.01.01 N 74/51. The specified section of the project documentation should also be developed taking into account # M12 of the Code of Rules "Requirements for the accessibility of public buildings and structures for the disabled and other visitors with limited mobility" # S (approved by the resolution of the Gosstroy of Russia dated 01.01.01 N 73).

The list of civil defense measures, measures to prevent natural and man-made emergencies in the preparation of project documentation should be developed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.01.51-90 "Engineering and technical measures of civil defense" and the Code of Rules "Procedure for accounting for civil defense and measures to prevent emergency situations when drawing up a petition for the intention to invest in construction and justification for investments in the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures "(#M12SP #S), approved. by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation of 01.01.01 N 357

In accordance with #Mst.48 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation#S, it is established that project documentation must also contain other documentation in cases provided for by federal laws. So, according to #M12 Federal Law of 01.01.01 N 7-FZ "On Environmental Protection" #S, projects for the deployment of nuclear installations, including nuclear power plants, must contain solutions that ensure their safe decommissioning. In accordance with #M1281502Article 10 of the Federal Law of 01.01.01 N 117-FZ "On the Safety of Hydraulic Structures"#S, at the stages of design, construction, commissioning of a hydraulic structure, a declaration of the safety of a hydraulic structure is drawn up, the content and development procedure of which is established Government of the Russian Federation. #M1212535 Article 14 of Federal Law No. 116-FZ of January 1, 2001 "On industrial safety hazardous production facilities"#S provides that as part of the design documentation for the construction, expansion, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, conservation and liquidation of a hazardous production facility, an industrial safety declaration should be developed, which involves a comprehensive assessment of the risk of an accident and the threat associated with it; analysis of the sufficiency of the adopted measures to prevent accidents, to ensure the readiness of the organization to operate a hazardous production facility in accordance with industrial safety requirements, as well as to localize and eliminate the consequences of an accident at a hazardous production facility; development of measures aimed at reducing the scale of the consequences of an accident and the amount of damage caused in the event of accidents at a hazardous production facility. 01.01.01 No. 893#S. In accordance with #M12 Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 01.01.01 N 526 "On approval of the rules for submitting a declaration of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities" # S (as amended on February 1, 2005 N 49) Federal Service on environmental, technological and nuclear supervision granted the right to establish the mandatory declaration of industrial safety for those hazardous production facilities for which it is not provided #MFederal Law "On Industrial Safety"#S. According to #Mst.36 of the Federal Law of 01.01.01 N 73-FZ "On objects of cultural heritage (monuments of history and culture) of the peoples of the Russian Federation" #S in the case of location on the territory subject to economic development, cultural heritage objects in the project documentation sections on safeguarding cultural heritage sites should be included.

The third stage provides support by the design organization for the construction of the designed facility. At this stage project organization carries out:

On the basis of an agreement concluded by the customer with the design organization;

Participation in the acceptance into operation of the completed construction facility.

The management of the organization and conduct of architectural supervision of the construction of facilities is carried out by the chief engineers of the projects, personally participating in the supervision. Supervision is carried out within the time limits specified in the schedules for contracts, or at the request of the customer, but at least once a month.

In the course of supervision, the design organization makes a decision in the event of unforeseen circumstances, can make changes to the project documentation, clarifications and changes as agreed with the customer.

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documents drawn up during the development of project documentation

1. Design assignment.

2. Architectural and planning task.

3. Application for allotment of a land plot.

4. The decision to allocate a land plot for a construction site.

5. Initial data for design.

6. Contract for the performance of engineering surveys.

7. Terms of reference for the contract for engineering surveys.

8. Materials of engineering surveys.

9. Approved (approved) justifications for investments in construction.

10. Contract for the development of project documentation.

11. Conclusion state expertise.

Electronic text of the document

prepared by CJSC "Kodeks"

To start work, the Customer must provide the terms of reference for the design and initial permits. You can check the composition of the IRD and the procedure for its registration with our specialists.

For permission to local government needed:

Document on the ownership of the land.
Town-planning plan of the site (received no earlier than 3 years before the permit is issued).
SPOZU with the location of the structure indicated on it.

The customer must transfer the complete initial data of the object to the developer in any format (in the form of photographs, drawings, written wishes, sketches, statements with the estimated scope of work, not a detailed project). It is better when the data is systematized, the parameters of the new building are fully described, and the specialist who prepares them is a professional. This will facilitate the work of designers, reduce the price of the design and estimate documentation prepared on their basis.

You can consult on the service with the company's employees by calling +7-499 - 348 - 29 - 05. You can leave a message on the site, specialists will contact you to discuss the details of cooperation.

Composition of documentation, stages of development

The design and estimate documentation consists of 3 equally important components - design, working, estimate documentation.

Design documentation (PD)

The "Project" stage is carried out according to the technical specifications of the customer on the basis of IRD (initial permit documentation). Includes an architectural concept (without details), a technological section, a structural section and other minor parts. A preliminary estimate is also drawn up, the issue of communication systems is being resolved. Created package of design documents for all objects capital construction(OKS) has the same content (except for linear structures).

The development of the “P” stage is carried out in accordance with the requirements of Decree of the Government of Russia N 87 (2008) as amended in 2015 (on sections of the PD and their content).

The PD includes the following sections:

organization chart land plots(SPOZU);
architectural solutions;
constructive and object-planning solutions, including subsections with a description of gas, electrical systems, water supply, sanitation, heating networks, air conditioning, ventilation, communications, technological systems;
engineering networks and descriptions of the measures required for their development;
plans for dismantling, demolition of buildings;
a list of measures aimed at improving energy efficiency, fire safety of facilities, environmental protection, accessibility of buildings for the disabled;
estimates for OKS;
other documentation required by law.

Working documentation (WP)

The basis of the working documentation is sections of project documentation and a preliminary estimate. Working documentation involves a detailed development, presented by descriptions and graphic images, specifications of equipment, building materials used, structures, as well as other necessary documents necessary for construction. The content of the RD is agreed with the customer, based on the terms of reference.

Estimated documentation.

It involves the preparation of local, object estimates, a summary estimate. The latter is necessary in order to make a preliminary calculation of the financial costs for the implementation of the planned construction works. First, local estimates are prepared for various types of activities, then they are combined with object estimates, calculations by type of cost. It turns out a summary estimate. When compiling it, the total amount of work provided for by the RD is taken into account.

Stages of development of design and estimate documentation

There are 2 main stages of creating project documentation. Previously, there was the concept of one-stage design, which was used for simple objects, for this, the PD was combined with the DD, a working draft was created. By Government Decree No. 87, this concept was abolished.

The two-stage method assumes that the development will take place in stages - from the creation of design documentation to clarifying working documentation. This approach is more efficient, as it reduces construction costs and reduces the risk of making wrong decisions.

Before the creation of the design and estimate documentation, the pre-design stage of development is carried out. It begins with a preliminary design, where sketches of the object are created, reflecting its architectural appearance and internal layouts, the design necessary for the customer to get a complete picture of it. Buildings and structures look even more clearly in a three-dimensional form prepared by developers in visualization programs (for example, Revit), technology is usedBIM design . The customer is invited to consider several sketches, the selected option is being finalized and agreed with it.

Then developed technical documentation. This stage involves conducting surveys, studying the landscape, conducting engineering and geological surveys at the construction site of the building. It must confirm the legality of construction in this place, not have restrictions under the law. If reconstruction of an existing facility is required, then a survey of the building and supporting structures is carried out and the feasibility of construction work is determined.

After agreeing on the pre-design stage, they begin to create the main design documentation, consisting of parts of the PD, DD, and estimate documentation. After agreeing with the control authorities, receiving the results of the examination and approval, the design and estimate documentation goes to the contractor to start construction work.

For what objects and why should design and estimate documentation be developed

Design and estimate documentation is the basis for the construction of single objects, as well as for a complex of buildings. It is needed in the construction of new and reconstruction of old facilities for various purposes. The implementation of design and estimate documentation is not required for detached individual houses for one owner, with a house height of no more than 3 floors. Also, design estimates are not required for temporary facilities (according to the provisions of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation). In all other cases, the development of design and estimate documentation is required.

Preparation of the project allows the customer at an early stage to have a complete picture of the building being erected or the results of the reconstruction. At the request of the customer, changes can be made to the project before the start of construction work.

After approval and examination of the design and estimate documentation goes to the contractor for use at all stages of construction. The presence of the project is necessary to obtain permission to start work on buildings or structures under construction or renovation. It allows you to better control the consumption of building materials and the quality of work.

The prepared project must necessarily pass an examination in state or independent organizations. Upon receipt of comments from experts, it is finalized by designers, again submitted for examination until a positive conclusion is received. The procedure for approving the design and estimate documentation is carried out by the technical customer.

The private developer (investor) carries out the coordination of project documentation himself. If the construction is planned to be carried out with budget money, then the examination should be carried out in state structures.

The coordination of design and estimate documentation is also carried out in a number of state and municipal bodies (depending on the territorial location of the facility), other organizations with supervision functions (nature management, urban property, environmental protection, etc.).

working documentation- this is a set of text and graphic documents that ensure the implementation of the technical solutions of the capital construction object adopted in the approved project documentation, which are necessary for the production of construction and installation works, the provision of construction with equipment, products and materials and / or the manufacture of building products. (Note: the working documentation includes the main sets of working drawings, specifications of equipment, products and materials, estimates, other attached documents developed in addition to the working drawings of the main set). [GOST R 21.1001-2009].

Types of design according to the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation are divided into:

Territorial planning
Architectural and construction design

Architectural and construction design is carried out by preparing design documentation in relation to capital construction objects and their parts, which are under construction, reconstructed within the boundaries of the land plot owned by the developer, as well as in cases of major repairs of capital construction objects, if during its implementation structural and other characteristics of reliability and reliability are affected. security of such objects (hereinafter also - overhaul).

Project types

Depending on the specifics of the tasks set, the developed projects can be divided into several main types:

New construction projects.
Projects of reconstruction, expansion, technical re-equipment, modernization.
Strengthening, restoration, overhaul projects.

Project documentation and working documentation. Staged design

At present, in connection with the entry into force of the Regulations on the composition of sections of project documentation and the requirements for their content, approved by the Decree Government of the Russian Federation No. 87 of February 16, 2008, does not provide for a staged design, but introduces the concepts of "design documentation" and "working documentation".

The main project document is project documentation, consisting of text and graphic parts. Project documentation (with the exception of some cases) is sent by the developer or customer for state expertise and, if there is a positive conclusion from the state expertise, is approved by him. It should be emphasized here that the volume of project documentation is usually insufficient for the construction of an object: it lacks the necessary specifications and the required level of detail. The project documentation contains only the main technical solutions that allow assessing their safety, as well as proving the technical feasibility (and in some cases - and economic feasibility) implementation of the investment project.
For the implementation in the process of construction of technical solutions incorporated in the project documentation, a working documentation, consisting of text documents, working drawings and specifications of equipment and products. Since there is no single document regulating the composition and content of working documentation, it is necessary to be guided by the relevant SPDS standards when developing it. However, the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation in its letter states that "the scope, composition and content of the working documentation should be determined by the customer (developer), depending on the degree of detail of the decisions contained in the design documentation, and indicated in the design assignment." In our opinion, it is advisable to supplement and specify the requirements of the SPDS standards in the design assignment with the requirements of the customer, but at the same time ensure the consistency of these requirements with the SPDS standards.

Since the Regulations on the composition of sections of project documentation and the requirements for their content do not contain a requirement to develop working documentation only after the development of project documentation, it can be concluded that project documentation and working documentation can be developed in parallel, but the development of working documentation cannot precede the development of project documentation. documentation. From this we can give the following explanations regarding the stages of design:

Single stage design is carried out with the parallel development of project documentation and working documentation. Previously, the design document developed during one-stage design was called "working draft" (WP) and consisted of the approved part of the working draft and working documentation. These two components of the working draft correspond to the currently accepted concepts "project documentation" and "working documentation" respectively.
Two-stage design is carried out with the consistent development of project documentation and working documentation. Previously, the design documents developed during the two-stage design were called "project" or "feasibility study" (stage 1) and "working documentation" (stage 2). These two project documents also correspond to the currently accepted concepts of "design documentation" and "working documentation", respectively.
Three-stage design(pre-project proposal, project, working documentation) - for objects of V, IV categories of complexity and for objects of III category of complexity according to individual projects, with an insufficient list of initial permits.

What is the difference between high quality project documentation and poor quality?

Violations and defects in construction, which affect the performance properties and durability of buildings, are largely associated with errors made at the design stage.

We can talk about high-quality working documentation only if it is made in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 21.1101-2013 SPDS (Project Documentation System for Construction), other regulatory documents, including Federal Laws.

The composition of the working documentation

High-quality working documentation contains working drawings in a complete set and text documents with all the necessary information about the construction site. It consists of:

main sets of drawings by brand (AS - Architectural and construction solutions, KZh - reinforced concrete structures, ES - Power supply, VK - Internal water supply and sewerage networks, and others), in accordance with the process of organizing construction and installation works;

CO (equipment specifications);

BM and SVM (sheets of consumption of materials, including Consolidated);

VR and SVR (sheets of construction and installation works, including Consolidated);

LS (local estimates);

OS (objective estimate);

working documentation for building products:

a. detail drawings;

b. SB (assembly drawings);

in. specifications assembly units;

d. TU (technical specifications containing requirements for the product regarding manufacturing, control, acceptance and delivery);

e. RR (documents containing calculations of parameters and quantities for building products).

High-quality working drawings have a minimum volume sufficient to perform construction and installation work, as well as to manufacture the necessary products on construction plants. They do not contain redundant information and unreasonable repetitions. They provide the possibility of mechanized and automated processing of drawings and the use of innovative methods for their implementation, as well as reusable applications.

Signs of poor quality working documentation

Poor working documentation is determined by the presence of the following shortcomings:

the set of documentation is incomplete, and for the construction of public and industrial buildings there are no sections on the calculation of capacities and technological lines, special measures related to emergency situations, and others;

drawings are not presented for all parts manufactured at the construction site;

on the sheets of documentation, the signatures of the specialist exercising normative control are completely or partially absent;

the design of the drawings does not meet the requirements of the SPDS and errors were made in the designation of the documentation;

there are changes made after the approval of the documentation;

in engineering and geological surveys, outdated or unreliable data are given, as a result of which errors occurred in the design of zero-cycle structures and, accordingly, the foundation itself;

instead of crushed stone preparation for foundations, concrete was unreasonably used;

the design of an automatic fire alarm and fire warning system does not comply with the requirements and provisions of Federal Law No. 123-FZ;

the power supply and lighting project does not meet the requirements of Federal Law No. 261-FZ regarding energy efficiency;

not all materials used are indicated in the specifications, as a result of which the numbers in the estimate were incorrectly displayed.

But, the most common mistakes made in the working documentation include the incorrect calculation of volumes according to the following types works:

excavation. Calculations of the volumes of wet soil were made without taking into account the height of the capillary rise of water. The fact that not only soils located below the depth of groundwater, but also those above this level are wet (for clays and loams 1.0 m, for sandy loams - 0.5 m, and for fine sands - 0, 3m).

The distance between the foundation and the base of the slope, necessary for working in the sinus of the pit, is not taken into account (according to SNiP, it must be at least 0.6 m);

stone structures. The volume of brickwork did not take into account the volume of cornices, pilasters, bay windows and other architectural details. There are no works related to the installation and dismantling of internal and external inventory scaffolding;

wooden structures. The area of the openings is determined by their dimensions on the plan, while it should be calculated by the outline of the outer part of the boxes;

floors. The calculation of the floor area was carried out without taking into account the thickness of the wall finish, which overestimates the amount of work associated with the installation of the floor. At the same time, there are errors that reduce the construction volume as a result of the fact that the floor area in doorways and window sills was not taken into account.

Errors in budgeting

A significant overestimation or reduction in the estimated cost of an object is a sign of poor-quality working documentation. Many design organizations deliberately underestimate the estimated cost, not including certain types of work in the estimate or reducing their volumes. This is done in order to win the tender. As a result, the customer, sooner or later, faces an increase in the cost of construction.

During the construction of individual residential buildings, when the company itself both designs the building and carries out its construction on a turnkey basis, there is often an overestimation of the estimated cost by unreasonable increases in the amount of work, especially expensive ones, or by adding work not provided for by the technology to the estimate.

Other violations identified during the examination of estimates include errors in the application of:

coefficients and indices;

labor intensity of work;

Design preparation of construction. A schematic diagram of the pre-project and design preparation of construction on the example of a housing and civil facility is shown in fig. 5.8.

Rice. 5.8. Schematic diagram of pre-project and design preparation of construction for housing and civil purposes

The development of design documentation is carried out on the basis of a design assignment in accordance with the initial permit documentation and in compliance with the requirements of regulatory documentation.

The stage design of an object is established by the customer together with the general designer in the design task. There are recommendations regarding the definition of design stages. So, for Moscow, five categories of object complexity have been established, depending on which the following recommendations are given regarding the design stages:

1) project, working documentation for objects of V, IV categories of complexity and for objects of III category of complexity for individual projects;

2) working draft (approved part and working documentation) for objects III-I categories of complexity, as well as for facilities built according to standard and reusable designs.

By the decision of the local authority for urban planning and architecture, the object can be classified as unique with the establishment of a special design procedure. As a rule, this takes place in the following cases:

The location of the object on a territory that is especially significant in terms of urban planning;

special social significance object;

Special technical complexity.

When considering the development of project documentation, one should distinguish between:

1) a project for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures for industrial purposes;

2) a project for the construction of housing and civil facilities.

The composition of the project documentation. The project for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures for industrial purposes consists of the following sections:

General plan and transport;

Technological solutions;

Management of production, enterprise and organization of conditions and labor protection for workers and employees;

Engineering equipment, networks and systems;

Organization of construction;

environmental protection;

Engineering and technical measures of civil defense, as well as measures to prevent emergency situations; - budget documentation;

Investment efficiency.

The project for the construction of residential and civil facilities consists of the following sections:

General explanatory note;

Architectural and construction solutions;

Technological solutions;

Solutions for engineering equipment;

environmental protection;

Engineering and technical measures of civil defense, as well as measures to prevent emergency situations; - organization of construction (if necessary);

Estimated documentation;

Investment efficiency (if necessary).

The working draft is developed in a reduced volume and composition, determined depending on the type of construction and the functional purpose of the facility in relation to the composition and content of the project. The working draft includes working documentation.

Development of special sections of the project. For their development, as a rule, specialized organizations with appropriate licenses are involved.

The most frequently developed special sections of the project include:

environmental protection;

Engineering and technical measures of civil defense;

Engineering and technical measures to prevent emergency situations;

Fire extinguishing, fire alarm, security and fire alarm and smoke protection; notification of people about a fire and evacuation of people in case of fire;

Organization and working conditions of employees, production and enterprise management;

Engineering protection of territories, buildings and structures from hazardous natural and technological processes;

Protection building structures from corrosion;

Construction organization projects (POS) and work execution projects (PPR);

Estimated documentation;

Investment efficiency;

Measures to ensure the living conditions of the disabled and people with limited mobility;

Architectural lighting;

Acoustic protection of buildings and structures from operational noise and vibration;

Project management.

Coordination of project documentation. Coordination of project documentation is carried out by the customer. If necessary, in accordance with the design contract, a general designer may be involved in this work.

Project documentation for the construction of an enterprise, building and structure, developed in accordance with applicable norms, rules and standards, which must be certified by the relevant record of the person responsible for the project (chief engineer, chief architect, project manager), coordination with state supervision bodies and others interested organizations is not subject to - with the exception of cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the subjects of the Russian Federation.

Project documentation is subject to mandatory submission for consideration:

AT local authority on urban planning and architecture (to approve the architectural and urban planning solution in case of its absence at the previous stage of design preparation);

Local environmental authority;

Body of sanitary and epidemiological supervision in the subject of the Russian Federation.

In special cases, additional coordination of the location of the object (drawing up conclusions) may be carried out. All regions of Russia have their own lists of organizations whose approvals are required in special cases of placement of objects.

State examination. State examination of project documentation is carried out in order to prevent the construction of facilities, the creation and use of which does not meet the requirements of state norms and rules or damages the rights and interests of citizens protected by law, legal entities and the state, as well as to monitor compliance with socio-economic and environmental policies.

For facilities, the construction of which is carried out at the expense of own financial resources, borrowed and borrowed funds from investors, project documentation is submitted for examination in the amount necessary to evaluate design solutions in terms of ensuring the safety of life and health of people, the reliability of buildings and structures being built, the compliance of design solutions with the approved urban planning documentation and compliance with the established procedure for agreeing and approving construction projects. At the request of the customer, consideration of design documentation for such facilities can be carried out both in full and in the volume of individual sections, which is determined by the contract for the examination.

The design documentation is submitted to the body of state non-departmental expertise by the customer with the involvement of the general designer to protect design solutions. A set of design documentation is accepted for expert opinion in the amount of the approved part, agreed in the prescribed manner.

Based on the results of the examination, a conclusion is drawn up. The expert body carrying out a comprehensive examination prepares a consolidated expert opinion on the construction project as a whole, taking into account the conclusions of the state examinations that took part in the consideration of the project.

Working documentation. The composition of the working documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures is determined by the relevant state standards of the SPDS and is specified by the customer and the general designer in the design agreement (contract).

State, industry and regional standards, as well as drawings of typical structures, products and assemblies, to which there are references in the working drawings, are not part of the working documentation and can be transferred by the designer to the customer, if it is stipulated in the contract.

In the event of a change in the design, engineering, technological solutions of the project, as well as the approved part of the working draft, the documentation is subject to re-submission to the appropriate body of state non-departmental expertise.

Approval of project documentation. Approval of project documentation is carried out in order to obtain a permit and an order for construction, installation and earthworks. Depending on the sources of funding, approval of project documentation is carried out:

During construction, reconstruction at the expense of city sources - legal act city administration;

During construction, reconstruction at the expense of own financial resources, borrowed and borrowed funds of the customer - directly by the customer (by appropriate order, order).

Since the approval of project documentation is necessary in order to obtain a construction permit, the interested person (customer), if necessary, also checks the availability and proper execution of the following documents:

Title documents for the land;

Town-planning plan of the land plot;

Project documentation materials;

A positive conclusion of the state examination of project documentation.

After the approval of the project documentation by the customer (before issuing a construction permit), the body authorized to issue the permit checks the project documentation for compliance with the urban development plan of the land plot. In addition, the specified body checks the availability of documents attached to the customer's application for the issuance of a building permit, including:

Title documents for the land;

Town-planning plan of the land plot;

Materials contained in the project documentation;

Positive conclusion of the state expertise of project documentation in relation to the relevant facilities.

Based on duly approved project documentation authorized bodies draw up:

Permission to carry out construction and installation works;

Order for the production of preparatory, excavation and construction work.

Registration of a permit for the production of construction and installation works is carried out at the appropriate stages of construction, provided with working documentation.

The body of administrative and technical inspections issues an order for the right to carry out earthworks related to the movement of soil outside the construction site, subject to the obligatory submission by the customer of a duly approved document confirming the right to temporarily or permanently store the soil at the destination.

Transfer of projects to customers. Storage of documentation. how

as a rule, the contract between the customer and the general designer provides for the transfer of finished project documentation to the customer. The customer accepts it by signing the invoice. The act of acceptance and transfer of design estimates is signed by the customer, provided that there are no comments on the results of work performed in accordance with the contract.

The act of acceptance and transfer of project documentation, as a rule, is signed by the customer, provided:

Coordination of project documentation by competent (authorized) state bodies;

The presence of a positive conclusion of the state examination;

Lack of comments from the customer on the results of the work performed.

Documentation is stored at the customer's, in design organizations and the Federal Archival Agency, which is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Culture and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation.

The rules for accounting and storage in design organizations of original project documentation (hereinafter referred to as the original document) for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures of all industries and the national economy are determined by GOST.

The terms of storage of original documents in design organizations are established by ministries and departments in the lists of documents agreed with the Federal Archival Agency.

Original documents are selected for state storage or destruction as having no scientific value and having lost their practical value in accordance with the instructions of the Federal Archival Agency.

The original documents are subject to accounting and storage in the organization that developed them. The original documents that have become unusable or lost can be restored by decision of the head (or his deputy) of the organization - the holder of the originals.

Project manager functions. At all stages of the development of project documentation, the leading role belongs to the project manager (in domestic terminology - the chief engineer of the project, the chief architect of the project).

During the design process, the project manager performs the following functions:

Monitoring compliance of the volume and terms of the work performed with the necessary minimum stipulated by the contract;

Selection and involvement of leading specialists in engineering disciplines to the project, coordination of their activities;

Determination of rational terms for the start of work in order to avoid their premature implementation;

Adjustment of the number of employed workers;

Control over changes to the project;

Control over factors, conditions and documents that can increase the cost of work;

Checking compliance with the sequence and priorities selected in the process of planning work;

Ensuring the preferred choice of standard materials and equipment in the maximum possible number of situations, as well as ensuring the minimum range of products used;

Preparation and implementation of the agreement with the licensor;

Preparation and monitoring of compliance with the design work plan, linked to general plan project;

Development of a design task together with the customer.

Depending on the scale and complexity of the project, the functions of the manager at the design stage can be assigned to the manager of the entire project, or to a specially appointed project manager working in a team under the leadership of the general manager.

Automation of design work. Complex model technological process design is a system of technologically justified information links between the specified specialists, which ensures the production of calculation and graphic information in the form of a standard set of drawings, tables and texts based on and in accordance with the current regulatory documents for construction.

The use of informatization tools makes it possible to obtain a fundamentally new environment - a computer-aided design system (CAD). The enlarged structure of CAD in construction is shown in fig. 5.9.

Rice. 5.9. An approximate diagram of the structure of a computer-aided design system (CAD)

The basis of the technological line of computer-aided design (TLAP) in the CAD environment is graphic databases that cover all parts of the project. Working with bases is carried out in a dialog mode using branched graphic menus, from which the necessary image elements are visually selected.

Drawing elements general purpose(frame with a stamp of any format, various arrows, marks, axes, tables, etc.); - architectural elements (construction of any grid of columns and axes, walls, partitions, windows, doors, marks, stairs, etc.); - architectural nodes (drawing individual mates close-up);

Plumbing equipment (elements of drawings for heating, ventilation, plumbing, sewerage, etc.);

Electrical equipment (elements of electric lighting drawings, power electrical equipment etc.).

Based on the integrated use of system tools that allow you to perform all the functions of preparing, storing, searching, processing, displaying, formatting and analyzing information in an automated mode, designers in the TLAP environment have the opportunity to combine development time and coordinate design solutions. At the same time, linkage is provided in all parts in all respects without issuing intermediate drawings with their repeated exchange. Data stored in graphics databases are reusable items.

In the foreign, and now the domestic market of specialized software tools Currently, there are a sufficient number of packages focused on design in construction. They have standard graphic blocks already laid down by developers, the possibility of pairing various standard elements, and the formation of specifications. A significant drawback of these systems (in principle quite powerful and convenient) is that all of them, as a rule, are developed by foreign companies and are oriented accordingly to foreign standards.

In practice, when designing, drawing packages such as AutoCAD are used, which are a universal electronic drawing board. The development of a bank of typical graphic elements in this case is entirely the responsibility of the user.

The specified operating time can go in two ways. The first and simplest way is direct drawing (accumulation of building blocks of information) by qualified user-designers. The second way is more complicated, but also more effective - writing, within the framework of the available system tools, programs for the formation of graphic images, the corresponding calculation modules and information retrieval systems. The developed interface blocks allow you to create a complex software directly targeted at the domestic consumer. To solve such problems, professional programmers are needed.

However, today there are no packages that fully satisfy designers, containing all the necessary catalog information for various types of building parts and structures produced in our country. In practice, with rare exceptions, separate developments are used, adapted to the needs specific organization, which are not universal.

The first stage in the construction of any construction object is the development of a project. This document will allow you to obtain various permits from the relevant authorities, you can use it to calculate estimates, control and maintain building process. The main purpose of project documentation is to guide the execution of construction. That is why the composition of project documentation is clearly regulated, and the procedure for approval and approval is determined by federal regulations.

The concept of design documentation

To understand what design and estimate documentation is, you need to imagine a set of graphic and text materials that contain a whole list of architectural, urban planning, constructive, technological and engineering solutions. All these solutions and materials are used to implement a particular construction project.

Depending on the complexity of the object (it can be capital or non-capital), the difficulty of the task assigned to the design bureau, project documentation may have a different structure and list of sections. It depends on which sections the working documentation includes, which specialists will participate in the development of materials. The composition of sections of project documentation may also differ.

Purpose and role in construction

To begin with, let's figure out why design and estimate documentation is needed in construction. The main purpose of these materials is to manage the construction process during the implementation of the construction object. In addition, the execution of design estimates is mandatory requirement legislation. The development of project documentation is necessary for the acceptance of the property for operation. Also different kinds project documentation may be needed when redevelopment of buildings and reconstruction.

Thus, we can say that project documentation (GOST number R 21.1101) is needed for the following purposes:

in accordance with legal requirements (in this case, the coordination of project documentation is mandatory);
as a source of information for the implementation of work on the construction of a building or structure;
to determine the cost of erecting a particular building.

In fact, design documentation for construction is a set of sources and materials that reflect the concept of the construction object being built for the developer and customer. At the same time, according to the project, it is much easier to ensure an uninterrupted construction process and supply different structures construction.

Important: the completed project must comply with certain construction, planning, urban planning and design standards, therefore, only qualified specialists. Also, the basic requirements for design and working documentation must be strictly observed.

Organizations involved in the development of the project

The production of design documentation (GOST number R 21.1101) can only be entrusted to an organization that has a license to carry out such work, that is, to design buildings and structures of a certain category. You can find a sample of such a project on the net, but only an abbreviated example, including only the main sections, since in complete project contains a wealth of information and sheets. Externally, when assembled, the project resembles a whole book or a large album.

Project documentation for the construction of an object can be created by the following persons:

By the builder. For example, if you yourself are planning to build a small house.
An engineering firm licensed to carry out the project.
If the composition of sections of the project documentation is small, then for implementation you can hire individual, for example, for this you can contact a highly qualified engineer with experience.

Important: if the complexity of the object under construction is such that approval of the project documentation is required, then it is better to contact a licensed organization for its development.

When contacting a design organization, you can be sure that all requirements for working documentation will be observed. Moreover, as a rule, the person responsible for the development of the project performs architectural supervision during the construction process, that is, monitors the compliance of the work performed and design developments. The designer is also responsible for the quality of the documentation and compliance with the execution rule.

At the same time, the project development process may be accompanied by the delegation of some responsibilities to other competent persons. For example, a design organization can only do the architectural and construction part of the project, and to complete the estimate documentation, it can turn to other specialists.

To order the development of a project, the customer must provide the contractor (designer) with a number of related documents:

A town-planning plan or a planning project for a land plot on which construction is supposed to be carried out.
Technical conclusions on the conducted engineering surveys. If there are none, then a task for their implementation will be required.
If for the operation of a construction site it is necessary to connect to engineering networks, then you will need specifications for connection obtained from the relevant authorities.

Requirements for the project and its structure

The composition of design and estimate documentation and the requirements for these documents are regulated by the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. It also stipulates that the requirements, composition and procedure for coordinating the project are established by the government of our country.

The composition of the sections of the project documentation is determined by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 87, which was adopted on February 16, 2008. It says that the development of the project must be carried out during the construction of the following types building objects:

for capital construction objects for industrial purposes;
for buildings and structures for non-industrial purposes;
for linear objects.

For successful coordination of project documentation, the composition must clearly comply with legally established standards.

Project composition

As the Government of the Russian Federation decided, a properly drawn up project should include twelve sections. It also separately stipulates the composition of sections of the project documentation. So, the project should have:

Explanatory note.
General plan. This section includes urban planning solutions and a layout plan for a land plot with the location and reference of the projected object and the obligatory indication of the surrounding buildings.
A section containing the entire list of architectural solutions (planning, facades, sections).
Space-planning decisions regarding future construction and constructive solutions.
Technological solutions with an explanatory note.
Information about engineering infrastructure, technical measures, supply networks.
The project of the organization of construction production.
If during construction it is supposed to carry out the demolition of capital construction objects, then this should be reflected in detail in a separate section.
Section related to environmental protection measures.
A separate section is also being made to describe the measures that are being taken to facilitate access to the building for people with limited mobility.
A whole section is also devoted to measures aimed at improving the energy efficiency of a construction site.
Estimated calculation.
A package of used documents and literature.

It is worth adding that some sections contain certain subsections. For example, the section on engineering infrastructure contains subsections on power supply networks, water supply and sewerage, heating and ventilation, gas supply, air conditioning and communications.

If the project should contain other sections that are not included in the list of mandatory sections approved by law, then the list of these items is specified in the contract between the customer and the project executor.

Important: if the project is implemented through the use of budgetary funds, then the project should include all legally approved sections and subsections. Such construction projects undergo the strictest coordination of project documentation.

Project structure

Any project should include graphic and textual materials that will provide complete information about the facility under construction. In particular, text materials should contain:

complete information about the construction site;
describe various architectural, construction and technical solutions;
give explanations and references to regulations, ranges building materials and other sources that are involved in the development of the project;
all decisions that were made in the project must be justified by calculations.

As for graphic materials, they are all decisions taken should be displayed clearly. For this you can use:

various graphic schemes;
blueprints;
tables;
photo fixation;
visual demonstrations of the construction object (three-dimensional image, facades or layout).