Bitumens characterized by a penetration index of more than 2 have. Oil road bitumen: composition and technical characteristics
bitumen are complex mixtures of high molecular weight petroleum hydrocarbons and their non-hydrocarbon derivatives. Bitumens are natural and artificial (petroleum). Oil bitumens are products of oil refining and its resinous residues. Depending on the method of production, residual, oxidized, cracked and compounded bitumen are distinguished.
Residual bitumen - (tars) - solid or almost solid substances obtained in the residue from the atmospheric-vacuum distillation of highly resinous oil.
Oxidized bitumen obtained by oxidation of petroleum residues with atmospheric oxygen.
Cracked bitumen - obtained as a residue during cracking (thermal or catalytic) of petroleum and petroleum oils.
Compounded bitumen obtained by mixing.
The physical and chemical properties of bitumen depend on the nature of oils and oil residues and on the technological method of their processing.
Depending on the viscosity, petroleum bitumen is divided into solid, semi-solid (viscous) and liquid.
Solid oil bitumen designed to perform general construction works. They are characterized by high viscosity, heat resistance, low plasticity. Solid bitumens of the following grades are produced:
but) oil construction bitumen(GOST 6617-76) grades BN 50/50; BN 70/30; BN 90/10; the first digit (numerator) indicates the softening temperature, and the denominator is the average value of the needle penetration depth;
b ) oil roofing bitumen used for roofing work. They are divided into grades BNK 45/80, BNK 90/40, BNK 90/30 (GOST 9548-74), where the numerator corresponds to the value of the softening temperature, 0 C, and the denominator corresponds to the depth of penetration of the needle.
in) oil insulating bitumen are used to isolate pipelines from corrosion and are divided into three grades: BNI-IV-3, BNI-IV; BNI-V.
G) bitumen oil special are used in the paint and varnish, tire, electrical industries, are divided into grades B, C, G (GOST ? )
1.2. Bitumens oil road viscous.
They are used as a binder in the construction of road and airfield pavements and in the construction industry (hydro, heat, vapor barrier and roofing materials).
In accordance with GOST 22245-90, viscous road bitumens are divided into grades (see table in the appendix). The brand of bitumen is determined by a set of quality indicators.
a) Oil viscous bitumen BN 200/300, BN 130/200, BN 90/130, BN 60/90.
B) Improved oil viscous road bitumen BND 200/300, BND 130/200, BND 90/130, BND 60/90, BND 40/60.
The numerical index shows the interval of change in the depth of penetration of the needle. For example, BND 60/90 is road oil bitumen with needle penetration depth limits of 60-90 mm. The quality of bitumen is evaluated by the relative viscosity, characterized by the penetration depth of a standard needle at 25 and 0 0 С; deformability, characterized by the extensibility of a standard sample of bitumen at temperatures of 25 and 0 0 С; softening temperature and brittleness temperature characterizing the temperature transition of bitumen from a viscoelastic to a brittle state (the so-called plasticity interval); adhesion and activity of bitumen in relation to stone materials, determined by adhesion to marble or sand; the stability of bitumen properties at high temperature, characterized by a change in softening temperature after heating; penetration index, which characterizes the temperature sensitivity of bitumen in the operating temperature range; the ability of bitumen not to ignite during technological operations, characterized by a flash point. Before testing, the samples are dehydrated by careful heating to a temperature of 80-100 0 С above the softening point, but not higher than 180 0 С and not higher than 120 0 С. The dehydrated and melted bitumen must be filtered through a metal sieve No. .
The penetration index characterizes the thermal sensitivity of bituminous binders. For this purpose, a simpler indicator is also used - the plasticity interval of bitumen, defined as the difference in softening and brittleness temperatures of bitumen (the method was proposed by Professor M. I. Rudenskaya). The penetration index is calculated as an abstract number: IP = ,
Depth of needle penetration into bitumen at 25°C, 0.1mm;
Bitumen softening point, °С.
Bitumens with a penetration index of -2 to +2 are suitable for road construction. Plasticity interval 55 - 75 °С. Bitumens with a penetration index of less than -2, having a higher weather resistance, are characterized by a lower softening point and a higher brittleness temperature (their plasticity interval is usually less than 55 ° C). Bitumens with a penetration index of more than +2, although not so temperature sensitive, have little extensibility, and are less weather resistant. The determination of the penetration index is based on the establishment of a certain relationship between the softening temperature of the bitumen and the depth of penetration of the instrument needle into it.
Determination of the content of water-soluble compounds in bitumen. The leaching of water-soluble compounds from asphalt concrete and bitumen-mineral coatings and bases by atmospheric precipitation causes premature destruction of pavements. The essence of the method is in transferring them to a water extract and subsequent determination of the mass after evaporation of the water. An indicator of the content of water-soluble compounds is the ratio of the mass of bituminous components released from the water extract after its boiling to the initial mass of the test bitumen sample.
Method for determining the adhesion of bitumen to the mineral part. From an average sample of an asphalt concrete mixture prepared in a laboratory or at a factory, two 50 g samples are weighed on technical scales and one of them is placed on the grid. The second sample is left for subsequent comparison with the mixture that has passed the test. The beaker is filled with a 15% solution table salt in distilled water by about 2/3 of the volume and installed on an electric stove, sand "bath" or over the flame of a gas burner. The grid with a sample of the asphalt concrete mixture is lowered into a glass with a boiling solution of common salt so that the layer of the boiling solution above the grid is at least 30 - 40 mm. When testing viscous bitumen, the mesh with the test sample is kept for 30 minutes in a boiling solution, and when testing liquid bitumen - for 5 minutes. The boiling of the solution should not be violent. Bitumen, which floated to the surface of the mixture during boiling, is removed with filter paper. After the specified time, the grid with the mixture is transferred to a glass of cold water to cool and wash off the salt that has settled on the particles of the mixture, after which the mixture is placed on filter paper to evaporate the water. Adhesion is evaluated after complete drying of the mixture. Bitumen is considered to have passed the test for adhesion to the mineral part of the asphalt concrete mixture if, after the test, the entire surface of the mineral materials is covered with bitumen.
Flash point. Tests are carried out in an open crucible, determining the temperature at which bitumen vapors heated under standard conditions form a mixture with air that flashes when a flame is brought to it. This indicator is needed to establish the bitumen melting mode and prepare hot mastics, asphalt concrete, etc. from it. The test of bitumen is carried out in an apparatus consisting of a large crucible filled with sand, heated by a burner, and an internal crucible into which molten bitumen is poured. Before testing, the bitumen sample is dehydrated by melting and holding it until foaming stops.
The flash point of bitumen is taken as the temperature indicated by a thermometer when a blue flame appears at least over part of its surface. When testing, air movement and bright lighting should be avoided so as not to obstruct the observation of the moment of the flash.
The purpose of generally accepted methods for testing the quality of bitumen is to determine their consistency, purity and heat resistance. To determine the consistency, many methods have been proposed to establish its dependence on viscosity. Bitumens are characterized and compared by the degree of fluidity at a certain temperature or by the temperature for determining certain properties.
Such indicators characterizing the properties of solid bitumen include the penetration depth of a standard needle (penetration), softening temperature, extensibility into a thread (ductility), brittleness temperature. These studies are not, strictly speaking, equivalent to the direct determination of viscosity, but find a wide practical use, because they allow you to quickly characterize the consistency of bitumen. The main indicators characterizing the properties of bitumen can also include adhesion, surface tension at the phase boundary, cohesion, thermal, optical and dielectric properties. Among the comparable indicators, in addition, we can include the loss of mass during heating and the change in penetration after it, solubility in organic solvents, ash content, flash point, density, rheological properties.
Some indicators are determined both for the original bitumen and for the bitumen after heating, which imitates the aging process. The standards set certain values of quality indicators, which reflects the optimal composition of bitumen. This composition may be different for different areas bitumen applications.
penetration
Penetration is an indicator that characterizes the depth of penetration of a standard-shaped body into semi-liquid and semi-solid products under a certain regime, which determines the ability of this body to penetrate into the product, and the product to resist this penetration. Penetration is determined by a penetrometer, the device of which and the test method are given in GOST 11501-78; the penetration depth of the needle by 0.1 mm was taken as a unit of penetration. The penetration of road oil bitumen of various grades at 25 °C, a load of 100 G, for 5 seconds is 40-300 * 0.1 mm, and at 0 ° C, a load of 200 G, for 60 seconds, from 13 to 50 * 0 .1 mm. Thus, depending on the temperature, load and duration of penetration of the needle, the penetration value changes significantly. Therefore, the conditions for its determination are stipulated in advance. Penetration indirectly characterizes the degree of bitumen hardness. The higher the penetration of bitumen at a given softening temperature and at a given penetration - the softening temperature of bitumen, the higher its heat resistance. Bitumen with high heat resistance can be obtained by appropriate selection of raw materials, technological method and production mode.
Softening temperature
The softening point of bitumen is the temperature at which bitumen changes from a relatively solid state to a liquid state. The method for determining the softening point is conditional and not scientifically substantiated, but is widely used in practice. The test is carried out according to GOST 11506-73 by the "ring and ball" method (KiSh), and sometimes by the Kremer-Sarnov method.
The penetration index is an indicator that characterizes the degree of bitumen colloidality or the deviation of its state from a purely viscous one. According to the penetration index, bitumen is divided into three groups.
1) Bitumen with a penetration index of less than -2, without a dispersed phase or containing highly peptized asphaltenes (bitumens from cracked residues and coal tar pitches). The elasticity of such bitumens is very small or almost equal to zero.
2) Bitumens with a penetration index from - 2 to +2 (residual and slightly oxidized).
3) Bitumens with a penetration index of more than +2 have significant elasticity and pronounced colloidal properties of gels. These are oxidized bitumens with high extensibility.
Brittleness temperature
The brittleness temperature is the temperature at which a material breaks under a short-term applied load. According to Fraas, this is the temperature at which the elastic modulus of bitumen with a loading time of 11 seconds is the same for all bitumens and is equal to 1100 kg/cm2 (1.0787-108 n/m2). The brittleness temperature characterizes the behavior of bitumen in the road surface: the lower it is, the higher the quality of the road bitumen. Oxidized bitumen has a lower brittleness temperature than other bitumen of the same penetration.
The brittleness temperature of road bitumen usually ranges from -2 to -30 °C. To determine it, the method described in GOST 11507-78 is used with the addition of clause 3.2.
Ductility
The extensibility (ductility) of bitumen is characterized by the distance at which it can be pulled into a thread before breaking. This indicator also indirectly characterizes the stickiness of bitumen and is related to the nature of its components. Road oil bitumen has a high extensibility - more than 40 cm. An increase in the extensibility of bitumen does not always correspond to an improvement in their properties. According to the extensibility index, it is impossible to judge the quality of road bitumen, since the test conditions (extension at a speed of 5 cm/min) differ from the operating conditions of bitumen in the road surface.
The extensibility of bitumens at 25 °C has a maximum value corresponding to their transition from the state of a Newtonian liquid to a structured one. The more the bitumen deviates from the Newtonian flow, the lower its extensibility at 25°C, but rather high at 0°C. Bitumen should have high extensibility at low temperatures (0 and 15°C) and moderate at 25°C.
The method and device of the device for determining the extensibility of bitumen are given in GOST 11505-75.
Viscosity
The viscosity of bitumens more fully characterizes their consistency at various application temperatures compared to empirical indicators such as penetration and softening temperature. It can be easily and in a shorter time measured at any required temperature for the production and use of bitumen. It is desirable that bitumen, other things being equal, have the highest viscosity at the maximum application temperature and have the most flat viscosity-temperature curve possible. At temperatures below 40 °C, bitumen is similar to solid systems, at temperatures from 40 to 140 °C - structured liquids, at temperatures above 140 °C - true liquids. Bitumen behaves like a true liquid when its viscosity drops to 102-103 poise.
The viscosity of bitumen is determined in Engler, Saybolt and Furol viscometers, by the falling ball method, in the Fenske capillary, on a rotational viscometer, rheoviscometer, consistometer, etc.
Road bitumen is divided into viscous and liquid.
Viscous bitumen is used as a binder in the construction and repair of road surfaces. The main amount of such bitumen is produced in Russia in accordance with GOST 22245-90.
Liquid bitumens are designed to lengthen the road construction season. In accordance with GOST 11955-82, they are obtained by mixing BND viscous bitumen with distillate fractions - thinners. After laying the coating, the thinner gradually evaporates.
Bitumen rheology
Rheology (from the Greek rheos - flow, flow), the science of deformation and fluidity of a substance. Rheology considers processes associated with irreversible residual deformations and the flow of various viscous and plastic materials (non-Newtonian fluids, disperse systems, etc.), as well as the phenomena of stress relaxation, elastic aftereffect, etc.
The rheology of bitumens has not been studied enough. The main indicators determined in the study of the rheological properties of bitumen in the temperature range of preparation and laying of the mixture, as well as the operation of the coating, are the viscosity and deformation characteristics of the bitumen (modulus of elasticity, modulus of deformation, etc.). The behavior of bitumen under the action of external deforming forces is determined by the complex mechanical properties, which include viscosity, elasticity, plasticity, brittleness, fatigue, creep, strength. Each property depends on the temperature and the nature of the stress state and is associated with intermolecular interactions and the presence of structure. The rheological properties should not change significantly when bitumen is heated in bitumen boilers, when preparing and laying the mixture, and during a long service life.
By rheological properties, bitumens are divided into three types:
1) substances, the flow of which, under the action of a constant shear stress, obeys Newton's law, when the stress is removed, a state of inelastic elasticity sets in. These include viscous non-colloidal liquids, inelastic or weakly elastic sols.
2) Substances in which, at a constant shear stress, the shear rate after the onset of deformation decreases and after a while becomes almost constant, when the stress is removed, the elasticity is partially restored, the colloidal state of this type of sol-gel bitumen.
3) At a constant shear stress at the beginning of the deformation, the flow rate decreases to a minimum, and then increases if the applied shear stress is greater than a certain value, after the stress is removed, the elasticity is restored, this type of bitumen has a gel structure.
Solubility
Most of the existing methods for bitumen analysis are based on the difference in the solubility of their components in a number of organic solvents. For the first time, a division based on this principle was proposed by Richardson, who divided bitumen into maltenes soluble in gasoline and asphaltenes insoluble in this solvent. Subsequently, Marquon, using adsorption on Fuller's earth, separated maltenes into oils and resins. Basically, this technique has been preserved to this day, but it appeared a large number of its varieties, allowing to obtain narrower, but less representative fractions.
quality requirements
The use of bitumen as one of the most well-known engineering and construction materials is based on its adhesive and hydrophobic properties. The scope of bitumen is quite wide: it is used in the production of roofing and waterproofing materials, in the rubber industry, in the paint and varnish and cable industries, in the construction of buildings and structures, etc. Roofing bitumen is used for the production of roofing materials. They are divided into impregnation and cover (respectively, for the impregnation of the base and obtaining the cover layer). Insulating bitumens are used to insulate pipelines in order to protect them from corrosion.
The main consumer of bitumen is road construction (about 90%), primarily due to the fact that petroleum bitumen is the cheapest and most versatile material for use as a binder in road paving. The use of bitumen in road construction allows the road surface to withstand increased static and dynamic loads in a wide temperature range while maintaining long-term viability and weather resistance.
Viscous bitumen used in road pavement is used as a binder between stone materials. The durability of the pavement largely depends on the brand of bitumen used and its quality. During the construction and repair of roads, bitumen can be thinned with a solvent (kerosene fraction). Liquefied bitumens are divided into fast, medium and slow hardening grades. For preliminary surface treatment, bitumen emulsions are used, which are prepared using colloid mills by adding water and emulsifiers to the bitumen. Let's take a closer look at bitumen for various purposes.
Road
The quality of road bitumen mainly determines the durability of road surfaces. The appearance of cracks in the road surface means that it has reached 85% of its service life. It has been established that the index "brittleness temperature" of bitumen characterizes the time before the onset of intensive cracking of the roadway, since its definition shows the most dangerous state of the road surface during sudden temperature changes in winter. The ratio of physical and chemical parameters of BND bitumen provides the road surface with the highest shear resistance, crack resistance, long-term water and frost resistance.
The durability of the pavement largely depends on the brand of bitumen used and its quality. The requirements for the quality of road bitumen can be found in the table below.
Quality requirements for road bitumen (GOST 22245 - 90)
Indicator | BND | ||||
| 200 / 300 | 130 / 200 | 90 / 130 | 60 / 90 | 40 / 60 | |
| Penetration, 0.1 mm at temperature: | |||||
| 25 0 C, not less | 201-300 | 131-200 | 91-130 | 61-90 | 40-60 |
| 0 0 С, not less | 45 | 35 | 28 | 20 | 13 |
| Temperature, 0 С: | |||||
| softening, not less | 35 | 40 | 43 | 47 | 51 |
| fragility, not higher | -20 | -18 | -17 | -15 | -12 |
| flashes, not below | 220 | 220 | 230 | 230 | 230 |
| Ductility, cm, at temperature: | |||||
| 25 0 C, not less | - | 70 | 65 | 55 | 45 |
| 0 0 С, not less | 20 | 6 | 4 | 3,5 | - |
| Softening temperature change after warming up, 0 С, no more | 7 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Penetration index | -1.0 to +1.0 | ||||
Source: GOST 22245-90
Road bitumen is also standardized according to TU 38.1011356-91 (see table below).
Quality requirements for road bitumen (TU 38.1011356-91)
Indicator | NOS | |||
| 130 / 200 | 100 / 130 | 70 / 100 | 50 / 70 | |
| Penetration at 25 0 C | 131-200 | 101-130 | 71-100 | 51-70 |
| T, 0 С, not lower | ||||
| softening | 40 | 43 | 47 | 51 |
| outbreaks | 220 | 230 | 230 | 230 |
| 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | |
| After warming up | ||||
| mass change, %, no more | 0,3 | 0,3 | 0,3 | 0,3 |
| 50 | 65 | 65 | 60 | |
| Ductility at 25 0 C, cm, not less | 100 | 100 | 100 | 65 |
| Brittleness temperature, 0 С, not higher | -20 | -17 | -15 | -12 |
Source: TU 38.1011356-91
Bitumens, standardized according to specifications, are characterized by a significantly higher ductility (at least 100 cm), i.e. greater elasticity, and in the fact that the values of the same indicators after warming up are introduced into the specifications.
Building
Bitumens of building grades BN, used for waterproofing the foundations of buildings, are distinguished by low penetration and ductility and high softening temperature (from 37 to 105 0С), i.e. they are hard and tough. Construction bitumen is standardized according to GOST 6617 - 76 (see table below).
Requirements for the quality of construction bitumen (GOST 6617 - 76)
Indicator | BN | ||
| 50 / 50 | 70 / 30 | 90 / 10 | |
| 41-60 | 21-40 | 5-20 | |
| T, 0 C | |||
| softening | 50-60 | 70-80 | 90-105 |
| outbreaks | 230 | 240 | 240 |
| Ductility at 25 0 C, cm, not less | 4 | 3 | 1 |
Source: GOST 6617-76
roofing
Approximately the same quality indicators are established for BNK roofing bitumen, but the brittleness temperature is also normalized for them. They are used as impregnation (to obtain roofing felt and roofing felt) and for roofing.
Quality requirements for roofing bitumen (GOST 9548 - 74)
Indicator | BNK | |||
| 40 / 180 | 45 / 190 | 90 / 30 | ||
| Penetration at 25 0 C, 0.1 mm | 160 - 210 | 160 - 220 | 25 - 35 | |
| T, 0 C: | ||||
| softening | 37 - 44 | 40 - 50 | 80 - 95 | |
| fragility, not higher | - | - | -10 | |
| After warming up: | ||||
| mass change, %, no more | 0,8 | 0,8 | 0,5 | |
| penetration at 25 0 С, % from initial, not less than | 60 | 60 | 70 | |
| Note.For all: flash point - not lower than 240 0С; for BNK 45 / 190, the content of paraffin is not more than 5% wt. | ||||
Petroleum Road Bitumens- irreplaceable materials that are part of asphalt mixtures, and are also used in the processing of the roadway and its impregnation. They are produced by processing petroleum products with the addition of various compounds and solvents. Depending on the purpose for which bitumen will be used, it can be either liquid or viscous.
Varieties of road bitumen
Viscous road bitumen is used in the repair and laying of road surfaces and airfield lanes. His specifications depending on the variety: BN or BND.
Oil road bitumen (BND) has a higher softening point and a lower brittleness temperature. In addition, penetration at 0° is of greater importance compared to BN. And the requirements for BND in terms of thermal stability are more stringent.
Marking of oil road bitumen
BND are marked depending on their technical characteristics. Depending on the climatic zone in which the road works will take place, certain types of bitumen are used:
- In areas where the average monthly temperature in the coldest season does not rise above -20 o, BND grades are used: 200\300, 130\200 or 90\130;
- In a warmer climatic zone, where the average monthly temperature of the cold season does not fall below -20 o, in addition to those listed above, bitumen grade 60\90 can be used;
- At an average monthly temperature from -5 o to -10 o, not only BND grades can be used, but also BN from 200\300 to 90\130;
- In the warmest climatic zones, where the average monthly temperature in winter does not fall below 0 o, the BN 90\130 and 60\90 brands, as well as BND 90\130, 60\90 and 40\60, are used.
Liquid bitumen, in turn, is produced by thinning viscous bitumen with the help of special solvents. The scope of their application is the production of cold asphalt concrete and the construction of road repair work. After laying the liquid bitumen, the thinner gradually evaporates, and the coating acquires the necessary hardness. but this species material is flammable due to its low flash point.
Coverage of issues related to the use of oil road bitumen at the exhibition
The annual Naftogaz exhibition, which takes place at the Expocentre Fairgrounds, highlights issues related to the leading industry of our country. The exhibition is one of the five largest industrial exhibitions in the world, which attracts special attention to it. This event provides a meeting place not only for largest companies oil and gas industry, but also for service and equipment providers, as well as specialists in this field.
The Naftogaz exhibition provides an opportunity to assess the state of the industry, study new technologies and trends, and use this platform to effective solution industry tasks. Since oil road bitumen is a product of the oil refining industry, the issue of their use is also disclosed at the exhibition. Everything related to production and use various kinds bitumen, you can find out at this event.
It is attended not only by the production flagships of our country, but also by the largest foreign companies. Traditionally, exhibitors from China, USA, Norway, Germany, Sweden, South Korea, France, Taiwan, Italy and Finland present their stands.
The popularity of oil road bitumen
Oil road bitumens do not lose their popularity and demand even in a difficult situation on the market. They are indispensable in many areas: road, construction, manufacturing and others. And given the constantly developing infrastructure of our country, as well as the construction of a new Trans-Siberian Railway, their importance is difficult to underestimate.
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Bitumen is an indispensable component of construction. Due to its unique characteristics, bitumen has firmly established itself in the construction industry. Its practicality, durability and low cost leave no chance for alternative building materials.
Bitumen characteristics
Bitumen is an asphalt-like material obtained artificially. It is the final product of the processing of natural bitumen, residues after processing coal, oil, shale tar and peat extracts.
Depending on the components and characteristics, several varieties of bitumen are distinguished:
- Natural / natural bitumen - is a by-product in the extraction of petroleum products from a variety of rocks. Characterized by high resistance to acids, alkalis, water.
- Building bitumen is a product of oil distillation and mixing with various building components (oil production residues, asphalt, etc.). For work with roofing materials and for work at height, bitumen of the BNK 45/180, BNK 45/90, BNK 90/40 or BNK 90/30 grades is usually used. They are characterized by high resistance to wetting and high temperatures. Compared to roofing bitumen, building bitumen has a greater resistance to fire.
- Road bitumen is the most demanded type of bitumen. Main brands of road bitumen: BND 40/60, BND 60/90, BND 90/130, BND 130/200 and BND 200/300. It is characterized by a high coefficient of penetration (penetration into the environment). Bitumens with high penetration rates are relevant for the northern regions, with lower ones - for the southern ones.
The characteristics of bitumen are constantly changing and improving. So, in order to improve the quality of this building material, various artificial additives are added to it, which purposefully enhance certain characteristics. As a rule, such chemical ingredients allow you to increase the resistance to sudden changes in temperature, cold or heat.
The main characteristics by which the quality of bitumen can be assessed:
Extensibility,
Temperature indicators for brittleness,
softening temperatures,
penetration level.
Accordingly, chemical additives for bitumen are aimed at improving these characteristics. The price of bitumen directly depends on the quality and intended use of building materials. Optimized grades that are resistant to heavy loads and have good stretch will cost more. As a rule, all the necessary indicators are reflected on the bitumen marking.
Application of bitumen
A variety of bitumen determines the scope of its application in construction.
natural bitumen
Today, construction or road bitumen is very popular. But despite the obvious superiority of artificial bitumen in mass construction, natural or natural bitumen is actively used in other industrial sectors.
Natural bitumen with special characteristics (non-oxidized composition) is very popular for road construction in Western countries. Non-oxidized high-quality bitumen can only be produced using new generation equipment.
In the West, there are a lot of similar industries, which explains the difference in the demand for natural bitumen in the post-Soviet space and in Western countries. Every motorist can feel this difference by comparing the quality of the roadway.
Road bitumen
Road bitumen has proven itself when working in the most difficult and unfavorable conditions. It perfectly withstands heavy loads, which makes it an ideal material for the construction of paving. It is widely used in the manufacture of asphalt concrete and asphalt.
As a constituent of asphalt pavements, paving bitumen acts as a binder, holding all the ingredients together. Thanks to its distinctive characteristics, crushed stone, river sand and other ingredients of the asphalt mixture form a strong homogeneous mass.
The density of bitumen divides it into two types:
- viscous,
- liquid.
Viscous bitumen is relevant as a binder for the construction or repair of roads. Liquid bitumen is used to increase the pavement construction season.
The quality and durability of the road surface largely depends on the characteristics of the road bitumen and the degree of its compliance with GOST standards. The use of high-quality materials significantly increases the service life of roads, avoids the appearance of cracks, potholes and similar defects. Buy bitumen High Quality available from the manufacturer or direct suppliers.
Construction bitumen
Without building bitumen, no work on pouring the foundation, roofing or repair manipulations is possible. Construction bitumen is obtained in the process of oil refining and is of two types: solid and liquid.
- The solid variety of bitumen is convenient to transport, but it requires heating at the construction site. Softening of solid ingots is carried out using special equipment - bitumen cookers. The temperature of bitumen must be quite high in order to be successfully used for roofing or waterproofing.
- Liquid bitumen requires special conditions transportation - it is delivered to the construction site in a special bitumen truck adapted for transporting dark oil products. The peculiarity of the liquid variety of bitumen is that it must be used as soon as possible. It is used for sealing joints on buildings, making bituminous mastics and roofing.