Presentation on the topic "The social sphere of society" (preparation for the exam). Social Sphere of Society Presentation on the Social Sphere of Society
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Social structure (from Latin structura - structure, location, order) of society - the structure of society as a whole, a set of interconnected and interacting social groups, as well as relations between them Social groups Social relations Social division of labor Needs and interests of social groups Values social groups Norms and roles of social groups Lifestyles of social groups
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Which element(s) is(are) related to social structure society? Intelligentsia Crew of the ship Family All of the above Answer: __________ 4
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Are the following statements about the social structure of society correct? A. The basis of the social structure is the social division of labor. B. The social structure organizes society into a single whole Only A is correct Only B is correct Both judgments are correct Both judgments are incorrect Answer: __________ 3
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Social relations are certain stable connections between people as representatives of social groups Main features DURATION SYSTEMICITY STABILITY SELF-RENEWAL BREATH OF SOCIAL RELATIONS Nature of relations COOPERATION COMPETITION Social conflict
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Socio - group Relations between classes, social strata Socio - demographic Relations between men, women, children, youth, pensioners, etc. Socio-ethnic Relations between nations, nationalities, national and ethnographic groups, etc. Socio-professional Relations between labor collectives, professional associations Interpersonal Relationships of a person with people around him Social relations
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Social relations do not belong Between nations and nationalities Between man and the people around him Between classes Between man and nature Answer: __________ 4
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Are the following statements about social relations correct? A. Social relations always assume the character of cooperation. B. Social relations can take on the character of a social conflict Only A is correct Only B is correct Both judgments are correct Both judgments are incorrect Answer: __________ 2
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Social group - any set of people that has some common socially significant attribute (gender, age, nationality, profession, income, education, power, etc.) SMALL BIG family, school class, group of friends, etc. nation, class, estate, caste, etc. Social division of labor and specialization of activity Historical and established diversity of living conditions, culture, social norms and values common cause and are in direct relationship Occupy the same position in the structure of society, have common interests
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Are the following statements about a social group correct? A. A social group is any set of people distinguished by gender, age, nationality. B. A social group is any set of people distinguished by profession, place of residence, income. Only A is correct Only B is correct Both judgments are correct Both judgments are incorrect Answer: __________ 3
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Establish a correspondence between examples of social groups and their types. For each position given in the first column, match the position from the second column. Examples of social groups A) Russians B) Neighbors in the cabin C) Entrepreneurs D) Tourist group E) Crew spaceship E) Kshatriya caste Types of social groups Small Large 2 1 2 1 1 2
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SOCIAL ROLE - this is what is expected in a given society from any person occupying a certain place in social system Basic (citizen, family member, worker, owner, consumer, etc.) Situational (passenger, pedestrian, buyer, spectator, etc.) Society puts forward role requirements for a person. These requirements are enshrined in the rules - social norms. Society, its various groups and organizations with incentives and punishments, i.e. various sanctions, support the execution social roles.
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The structure of the social role Requirements for behavior corresponding to the social role Evaluation of the fulfillment of the social role Sanction - the reaction of society or social group on the actions of an individual within the framework of a social role Inducing a person to a certain type of behavior Social norms
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Are the following statements about social role correct? A. A person has one social role. B. A person has a whole set of social roles. Only A is correct Only B is correct Both judgments are correct Both judgments are incorrect Answer: __________ 2
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Establish a correspondence between examples of social roles and their types. For each position given in the first column, match the position from the second column. Examples of social roles A) cashier B) pedestrian C) researcher D) father E) spectator E) producer Types of social roles main situational 1 2 1 1 2 1
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SOCIAL STATUS - general position of an individual or a social group in society, associated with a certain set of rights and obligations SOCIAL STATUS Personal status - the position of an individual in a small group, depending on how its members evaluate him in accordance with his personal qualities (leader, expert, soul of the company) Basic status determines the main thing in a person’s life (most often this is the status associated with the main place of work: engineer, professor, lawyer, etc.) The prescribed (assigned) status is a social position that is prescribed in advance to the individual by society, regardless of the merits of the individual (sex, age, nationality etc.) The achieved (acquired) status is acquired as a result of free choice, personal efforts and is under the control of a person (financial situation, education, etc.)
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SOCIAL CONFLICT - a clash of opposing public interests, views, aspirations, directions community development Participants in a social conflict Individuals Social groups Organizations and associations Stages of a social conflict Pre-conflict - folding conflict situation. The conflict itself is distrust and lack of respect for the enemy; inability to reach an agreement Conflict resolution - termination of actions aimed at changing the behavior of rivals; elimination of the causes of conflict
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CAUSES OF SOCIAL CONFLICTS Social heterogeneity of society, the presence of opposite orientations Differences in income levels, power, culture, access to education, information Religious differences Human behavior, its social and psychological traits (character, intelligence, general culture, etc. ) Types of conflicts Intrapersonal Interpersonal Intergroup C external environment Conflict covering certain areas public life Conflict engulfing society as a whole
SOCIAL SPHERE OF LIFE OF THE SOCIETY. PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON OF SOCIAL STUDIES. 8 CL. BAZ. LEVEL. SMIRNOV EVGENIY BORISOVICH.
SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY. SOCIETY CONSISTS OF DIFFERENT GROUPS AND COMMONITIES LARGE SOCIAL COMMONITIES: CLASSES, SOCIAL LAYERS, STATES EVERY PERSON IS A PARTICIPANT OF ANY OF THESE SOCIAL GROUPS OR OCCURS INTERMEDIATE POSITION. WHICH GROUP DO YOU BELONG TO?
SOCIAL INEQUALITY. ALL THESE GROUPS HAVE DIFFERENT STATIONS IN SOCIETY AND UNEQUAL ACCESS TO SOCIAL BENEFITS. WHY? Social inequality individual social groups have different opportunities in income, influence on power according to one of the theories of social inequality is a natural inequality that allows the most capable theory of conflicts- believes that the inequality consists in relation to property .. between them, the class struggle other researchers believe, they believe, THAT ATTITUDE TO PROPERTY IS NOT THE ONLY CRITERION OF SOCIAL GROUPS - EDUCATION, LIFESTYLE...
SOCIAL CHANGES IN SOVIET SOCIETY. A PERSON CAN TRANSITION FROM ONE SOCIAL GROUPS TO ANOTHER. BUT SUCH POSSIBILITY DRAFTLY INCREASES DURING REVOLUTIONS AND OTHER SHOCKS. WHOLE SOCIAL GROUPS CAN BE SHUT UP. THE REVOLUTION OF 1917 DISAPPEARED ENTIRE ESTATES AND GROUPS (NOBILITY, CLERGY, BOURGEOISIE) INCREASING THE WORKING CLASS AND REDUCING THE PEASANTRY. FORMATION OF A LAYER OF THE SOVIET BUREAUCRACY. THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE HAS CHANGED, WHOLE GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS CHANGED THEIR PLACE IN ITS STRUCTURE
MODERN STAGE OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. CHANGES IN THE FORMS OF PROPERTY LEAD TO CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY NEW SOCIAL GROUPS ARE FORMING: ENTREPRENEURS, FARMERS, ETC. ATTITUDE TO THESE PROCESSES IS DIFFERENT. THE WORKING CLASS, THE PEASANTS AND THE INTELLIGENTIA ARE OCCURRED. SOCIAL INSTABILITY
POSITION OF THE PERSON IN THE SOCIETY. SOCIAL STATUS. STATUS OF A PERSON IN SOCIETY: SOCIAL STATUS SOCIAL STATUS: SOCIAL ORIGIN, GENDER, NATIONALITY, EDUCATION, PROFESSION, ETC. SEX, AGE, SOCIAL ORIGIN DO NOT DEPEND ON THE PERSON -- A REGULATED STATUS. WHAT A PERSON ACHIEVES BY OWN EFFORTS: EDUCATION, WEALTH, QUALIFICATIONS, ETC. MAKE UP - STATUS ACHIEVED
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SOCIAL SPHERE OF SOCIETY LIFE
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Stratification Criteria
Power
Education
Prestige
Lifestyle
A stratum is a "layer", a group of people that occupies
certain position in society
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SOCIAL INEQUALITY
SOCIAL INEQUALITY
SEPARATE SOCIAL GROUPS HAVE UNEQUAL ACCESS TO SUCH SOCIAL BENEFITS AS MONEY, POWER, PRESTIGE
CAUSE?
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ACCORDING TO ONE OF THE THEORIES, SOCIAL INEQUALITY IS A NATURAL INEQUALITY THAT ALLOWS THE MOST ABLE TO GO UP
CONFLICT THEORY CONSIDERS THAT INEQUALITY GENERATES PRIVATE PROPERTY. A class struggle begins between the economically ruling class and the working class
OTHER RESEARCHERS BELIEVE THAT ATTITUDE TO PROPERTY IS NOT THE ONLY CRITERIA FOR SOCIAL GROUPS. AMONG THE CRITERIA - PROFESSION, INCOME, EDUCATION, LIFESTYLE...
THEORIES OF THE APPEARANCE OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY
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CLASS STRUGGLE
CLASS STRUGGLE
CONFLICT THEORY CONSIDERS CLASS STRUGGLE AS THE MAIN DRIVING FORCE OF HISTORY
OPPOSITORS TO THIS THEORY PAY ATTENTION TO THE DESTRUCTION AND DISASTERS THAT ACCOMPANY REVOLUTIONS
YOUR POINT OF VIEW: ?
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SOCIAL CHANGES IN SOVIET SOCIETY
A PERSON CAN TRANSITION FROM ONE SOCIAL GROUPS TO ANOTHER. BUT SUCH POSSIBILITY DRAFTLY INCREASES DURING REVOLUTIONS AND OTHER SHOCKS. WHOLE SOCIAL GROUPS CAN BE SHUT UP.
REVOLUTION OF 1917
WHOLE ESTATES AND GROUPS DISAPPEARED (NOBILITY, clergy, bourgeoisie)
THE INCREASE OF THE WORKING CLASS AND THE REDUCTION OF THE PEASANTRY. THE FORMATION OF A LAYER OF THE SOVIET BUREAUCRACY
THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE HAS CHANGED: WHOLE GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS HAVE CHANGED THEIR PLACE IN ITS STRUCTURE
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social status personalities
Social status is the position of a person in society, occupied by him as a representative of a certain social group and including a certain set of rights and obligations.
Social status depends on:
- age,
- floor,
- origin,
- professions,
- marital status.
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The social status of the individual
prescribed status
achieved status
does not depend on the individual, it is given from birth (gender, race, age)
his family provides
depends on the personality, what a person becomes (education, profession)
Topic: social sphere of society. Part One The concept of the social sphere, social differentiation separate groups: Ethnic communities Strata Class family Social status and social role Socialization.
Question 1. The concept of the social sphere Social sphere - (1) is the area of interaction between different social communities. circle of philatelists, nation, class, youth, etc. (2) the sphere of social protection of the individual.
The division of society into elements is called social differentiation. The word "differentiation" comes from a Latin root meaning "difference". The social structure of a society is a set of interacting and interconnected social groups and communities.
Elements of social structure: individuals, social communities, social groups.
Kinds social formations- elements of the social structure The society is differentiated into various formations: communities (large social groups) - groups that unite people living in general conditions with a single standard of living. Ethnic Territorial Demographic Classes Strata a social group is a collection of people who: interacting with each other are aware of their own unity are considered members of the group from the point of view of others. Various teams small social group emotional interaction family group of friends
Classifications of social groups Social groups are classified on various grounds: 1. By the number of members, small and large. 2. According to the time of existence: temporary long-term existence 3. According to the compactness of existence: scattered groups, collected compact ones. 4. By nature and depending on the possibility of joining them: open closed groups. 5. According to the degree of organization: organized, partially organized, unorganized. 6. By structuredness: having a permanent structure, having a temporary structure, unstructured. 7. By type of activity: fully engaged in one type of activity, engaged in different types activities. 8. According to the form of social management: state-controlled, self-governing social groups. According to the form of intra-group cohesion: cohesive, disunited.
Individual elements of the social structure: Ethnic communities
Separate elements of the social structure: Strata of the Concept of Pitirim Sorokin. A stratum is a large group of people who occupy a certain common position in society. From a geologist. "layer". Social stratification is a set of strata (other groups) located in a vertical (hierarchical) order.
Criteria for stratification Economic stratification is expressed in the difference in income, wealth, standard of living, in the existence of rich, poor and middle strata of the population. Property relations are a manifestation of political stratification. The division of society into managers and controlled, Power and prestige. Authority. Authority reflects the degree of influence of an individual in a social group or society. political leaders and the masses. Professional stratification can include the allocation of various groups in society according to the nature of their activities, occupations. At the same time, some professions are considered more prestigious than others.
Historical types of stratification
Elements of the social structure: class Criteria for distinguishing classes: According to Marx: relationship to the means of production Place in the system of social production, a way to generate income and welfare. According to Max Weber: property, prestige, power
The main classes of modern developed societies The elite of society: presidents, prime ministers and other political figures; big businessmen, the most influential representatives of the creative intelligentsia. Prosperous strata of society: scientists, writers, artists, doctors, lawyers, teachers, medium and small businessmen, highly skilled workers, etc. ("white collars"). Skilled workers in factories, factories, construction firms, agricultural enterprises, services, etc. with consistent and reliable performance. Unskilled workers ("blue collars"), as well as the unemployed, the poor, people with an income on the verge of or beyond the poverty line; vagabonds, beggars, criminals, etc. When there is a balance in society, the upper and lower classes each occupy 20%, the middle - 60%. The decile is the difference in income between the richest and poorest 10%. In the Russian Federation, it ranges from 15 to 40. In developed countries, it does not exceed 10.
Elements of social structure: the family. A family is a community of people based on marriage, consanguinity, assuming a common life. Marriage is a voluntary union between a man and a woman. Family functions: socialization of children, reproductive, erotic, economic, cultural and leisure
Types of families Monogamous and polygamous (several spouses of the same sex). nuclear family: wife, husband and children, with the addition of one or two spouses' parents. undivided family - several family groups. Incomplete family - the absence of one of the parents.
Question 2. Social status and social role Soc. status - a place in the social structure of society, the social position that a person occupies. From a person occupying a certain social position, others expect appropriate behavior. Social Role is the behavior expected by others. For example, the status of a school student involves the following components of social. roles: attending an educational institution, mastering school subjects, etc.
Status set - a set of social statuses of one person. The main social status - the position that is the most significant for a person, determines him socially.
Varieties of social status Prescribed status is a social position assigned to a person by birth or directly as a result of marital status. Achieved status - a change in social status due to dissatisfaction with them. In developed societies plays the most important role. The achieved status becomes possible only if a change of social group is possible: a transition between the estates in France, but not the Indian castes.
Question 3. Social mobility Social mobility is the transition of people from one social group to another.
Sociologist Pitirim Sorokin identified several "social lifts": the army, the church, the school.
Negative consequences social mobility Lumpens are people who have sunk to the bottom of public life (tramps, beggars, homeless people). Marginals are groups occupying an intermediate position between stable communities. One of the main channels of marginalization is mass migration from the countryside to the city.
Question 4. Socialization Socialization is the process of assimilation by an individual of patterns of behavior, social roles and norms. The agent of socialization is a factor that has a significant impact on socialization. The agents of socialization are called institutions, groups and individuals. primary. They are in constant contact with the object of socialization: parents are secondary. Have a rare or indirect impact on the object: the media, neighbor Uncle Vasya.
Mechanisms of socialization Social adaptation (from Latin adapto - adapt) is the process of adapting a person to a changing social environment through various social media. 1. active adaptation. A person not only masters the established forms of human interaction, established norms, values, but also to some extent seeks to change those that seem to him imperfect or outdated. 2. Conformism is a passive perception of the goals and values of the group, environment. The outward expression of conformity is often obedience, when all instructions are meekly fulfilled. At the same time, however, internally a person may not agree with group norms and values. Identification is a mechanism by which an individual learns and implements the norms, values, qualities, etc. of those groups to which he is aware of belonging.
The second part of the course includes concepts: Social institution Institutionalization. The role of values and cultural universals. social norm; Differences between law, morality and morality Anomie deviant behavior; Deviations and delinquency social control and self-control; social conflict and ways to resolve it; National politics, ethnic conflicts; social processes in modern Russia. Constitutional foundations of national policy in the Russian Federation
Answer the question: What is the relationship between social statuses and roles? Show it with specific examples. (1. What is “social status”, “social role”? 2. How are they related to each other?)
Answer the question: After graduating from a technical college, a young man got a job as a consultant for a computer manufacturing company. Some time later, he enrolled in advanced training courses. Changes also occurred in his personal life: he married the daughter of a co-owner of the company. Completion of studies at the courses coincided with his appointment as chief engineer of the enterprise. An illustration of what social process can this story work? What factors played a decisive role here? What are they called in sociology?
20. Align the sanctions and their types SANCTIONS: 1) a flattering review; 2) imposition of a fine; 3) imprisonment; 4) mockery; 5) bonuses; 6) awarding an order; 7) deprivation civil rights; 8) announcement of a boycott; 9) applause; 10) administrative penalty; 11) confiscation of property; 12) installation of a memorial sign
Having believed in the special life-giving power of the pyramids, a resident of the Moscow region began to erect them in various parts of the region. This case can be seen as an example of adaptive behavior conformist behavior illegal behavior deviant behavior
23. The state of society, in which generally accepted norms are weakened or disintegrated, is called conformism anomie imbalance deviation
25. The application of sanctions to ensure compliance with social norms is the basis of socialization of social control of social adaptation of deviant behavior
26. Are the following judgments about social norms correct? A. Social norms include only those prescriptions that are enshrined in laws. B. Behavior that does not correspond to the norms accepted in society is called conformism. only A is true; 3) both judgments are correct; only B is true; 4) both judgments are wrong.
Social control is a mechanism for maintaining public order and includes two main elements: a) statuses and roles; b) expectations and motives; c) norms and sanctions; d) power and action.
The process of the church losing influence on various areas the life of society is called: a) Secularization b) Modernization c) Democratization d) Ecumenism
6. Social norms are (somewhat correct): a) traditions, b) documents, c) mores, d) contracts, e) laws of nature.
Channels of social mobility in modern society are (somewhat correct): a) the Internet, b) the army, c) transportation, d) mobile phone, e) education.
The goals of the school are: a) education of students; b) enrichment of students with knowledge; c) professional orientation; d) all of the above.
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Stratification Criteria
Income
- power
- education
- prestige
- Lifestyle
A stratum is a “stratum”, a group of people that occupies a certain position in society.
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SOCIAL INEQUALITY
SOCIAL INEQUALITY:
- SEPARATE SOCIAL GROUPS HAVE UNEQUAL ACCESS TO SUCH SOCIAL BENEFITS AS MONEY, POWER, PRESTIGE
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THEORIES OF THE APPEARANCE OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY
- ACCORDING TO ONE OF THE THEORIES, SOCIAL INEQUALITY IS A NATURAL INEQUALITY THAT ALLOWS THE MOST ABLE TO GO UP
- CONFLICT THEORY CONSIDERS THAT INEQUALITY GENERATES PRIVATE PROPERTY. A class struggle begins between the economically ruling class and the working class
- OTHER RESEARCHERS BELIEVE THAT ATTITUDE TO PROPERTY IS NOT THE ONLY CRITERIA FOR SOCIAL GROUPS. AMONG THE CRITERIA - PROFESSION, INCOME, EDUCATION, LIFESTYLE...
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CLASS STRUGGLE
CLASS STRUGGLE:
- CONFLICT THEORY CONSIDERS CLASS STRUGGLE AS THE MAIN DRIVING FORCE OF HISTORY
OPPOSITORS TO THIS THEORY PAY ATTENTION TO THE DESTRUCTION AND DISASTERS THAT ACCOMPANY REVOLUTIONS
YOUR POINT OF VIEW: ?
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A PERSON CAN TRANSITION FROM ONE SOCIAL GROUPS TO ANOTHER. BUT SUCH POSSIBILITY DRAFTLY INCREASES DURING REVOLUTIONS AND OTHER SHOCKS. WHOLE SOCIAL GROUPS CAN BE SHUT UP.
REVOLUTION OF 1917:
- WHOLE ESTATES AND GROUPS DISAPPEARED (NOBILITY, clergy, bourgeoisie)
- THE INCREASE OF THE WORKING CLASS AND THE REDUCTION OF THE PEASANTRY. THE FORMATION OF A LAYER OF THE SOVIET BUREAUCRACY
- THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE HAS CHANGED: WHOLE GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS HAVE CHANGED THEIR PLACE IN ITS STRUCTURE
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The social status of the individual
Social status is the position of a person in society, occupied by him as a representative of a certain social group and including a certain set of rights and obligations.
Social status depends on:
age,
- floor,
- origin,
- professions,
- marital status.
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prescribed status:
- does not depend on the individual, it is given from birth (gender, race, age)
- his family provides
achieved status:
- depends on the personality, what a person becomes (education, profession)
- acquired