What was the plan in brief. Plan "Ost" About the Nazi program of extermination of entire peoples

Plan Details

Implementation time:

1939 - 1944

Victims: population of Eastern Europe and the USSR (mostly Slavic)

Location: Eastern Europe, occupied territory of the USSR

Character: racial ethnic

Organizers and performers: the National Socialist Party of Germany, pro-fascist groups and collaborators in the occupied territories “Plan Ost” was a program of mass ethnic cleansing of the population of Eastern Europe and the USSR as part of a more global Nazi plan to “liberate living space” (i.e.

n. Lebensraum) for the Germans and other "Germanic peoples" at the expense of the territories of the "lower races" such as the Slavs.

The purpose of the plan: Germanization of lands" in Central and Eastern Europe, provided for the movement of the population in the de facto annexed regions of Western and Southern Europe (Alsace, Lorraine, Lower Styria, Upper Carniola) and from countries that were considered German (Holland, Norway, Denmark ).

Excerpt from "General Plan Ost" Edition June 1942

Part C. Delimitation of Settlement Territories in the Occupied Eastern Regions and Principles of Reconstruction: The penetration of German life into large areas of the East makes it imperative for the Reich to find new forms of settlement in order to bring the size of the territory into line with the number of German persons present. In the General Plan Ost of July 15 1941, the delimitation of new territories was envisaged as the basis for development for 30 years.

Description of the plan

Plan "Ost" - the plan of the German government of the Third Reich to "liberate the living space" for the Germans and other "Germanic peoples", which provided for mass ethnic cleansing of the population of Eastern Europe.

The plan was developed in 1941 by the Main Directorate of Imperial Security and presented on May 28, 1942 by an employee of the Office of the Headquarters of the Imperial Commissioner for the Consolidation of the German People, SS Oberführer Meyer-Hetling under the title "General Plan Ost - the basis of the legal, economic and territorial structure of the East" .

In the form of a complete plan, the “Plan Ost” was not preserved. It was extremely secret, apparently existed in a few copies; at the Nuremberg trials, the only evidence of the existence of the plan was “Remarks and suggestions.

Ministry of the East" according to the general plan "Ost", according to prosecutors, written on April 27, 1942 by an employee of the Ministry of Eastern Territories E. Wetzel after reading the draft plan prepared by the RSHA. Most likely, it was deliberately destroyed.

According to the instructions of Hitler himself, the officials ordered that only a few copies of the "Plan Ost" be made for part of the Gauleiters, two ministers, the "Governor-General" of Poland and two or three senior SS officials.

The rest of the SS Fuhrers of the RSHA had to familiarize themselves with the "Plan Ost" in the presence of a courier, sign that the document had been read, and return it. But history shows that all traces of crimes of such a magnitude as the Nazis committed could never be destroyed. Both in the letters and in the speeches of Hitler and other SS officers, references to the plan are found more than once.

Two memorandums have also been preserved, from which it is clear that this plan existed and was discussed. From the notes we learn in some detail the contents of the plan.

According to some reports, the "Plan" Ost "" was divided into two - "Small Plan" "Big Plan".

The small plan was to be carried out during the war. The German government wanted to focus on the Grand Plan after the war. The plan provided for a different percentage of Germanization for various conquered Slavic and other peoples. "Non-Germanized" were to be deported to Western Siberia. The execution of the plan was to ensure that the conquered territories would acquire an irrevocably German character.

According to the plan, the Slavs living in the countries of Eastern Europe and the European part of the USSR were to be partly Germanized, and partly deported beyond the Urals or destroyed.

It was supposed to leave a small percentage of the local population in order to be used as free labor for the German colonists.

According to Nazi officials, 50 years after the war, the number of Germans living in these territories should have reached 250 million.

The plan applied to all peoples living in the territories to be colonized: it also spoke about the peoples of the Baltic states, which were also supposed to be partially assimilated and partially deported (for example, Latvians were considered more suitable for assimilation, unlike Lithuanians, among whom, according to the Nazis, there were too many “Slavic admixtures”).

As can be assumed from the comments to the plan preserved in some documents, the fate of the Jews living in the territories to be colonized was hardly mentioned in the plan, mainly because at that time the project of the “final solution of the Jewish question” was already activated, according to which the Jews were subject to total destruction. The plan for the colonization of the eastern territories was, in fact, the development of Hitler's plans for the already occupied territories of the USSR - plans that were especially clearly formulated in his statement of July 16, 1941 and then further developed in his dinner conversations.

He then announced the settlement of 4 million Germans in the colonized lands within 10 years and at least 10 million Germans and representatives of other "Germanic" peoples within 20 years. Colonization was to be preceded by the construction - by the forces of prisoners of war - of large transport routes. German cities were to appear at the river ports, and peasant settlements along the rivers.

In the conquered Slavic territories, it was envisaged to carry out a policy of genocide in its most extreme forms.

Methods for implementing the GPE plan:

1) physical extermination of large masses of the people;

2) population reduction through the deliberate organization of famine;

3) a decrease in the population as a result of an organized decrease in the birth rate and the elimination of medical and sanitary services;

4) the extermination of the intelligentsia - the bearer and successor of scientific and technical knowledge and the skills of the cultural traditions of each people and the reduction of education to the lowest level;

5) disunity, fragmentation of individual peoples into small ethnic groups;

6) resettlement of masses of the population to Siberia, Africa, South America and other regions of the Earth;

7) agrarianization of the occupied Slavic territories and deprivation of the Slavic peoples of their own industry.

The fate of the Slavs and Jews according to the remarks and suggestions of Wetzel

Wetzel assumed the expulsion of tens of millions of Slavs beyond the Urals. The Poles, according to Wetzel, "were the most hostile to the Germans, the largest and therefore the most dangerous people."

German historians believe the plan included:

• Destruction or expulsion of 80-85% of Poles.

Only approximately 3-4 million people were to remain in Poland.

· Destruction or expulsion of 50-75% of Czechs (about 3.5 million people). The rest were to be Germanized.

· The destruction of 50-60% of Russians in the European part of the Soviet Union, another 15-25% were subject to deportation beyond the Urals.

Destruction of 25% of Ukrainians and Belarusians, another 30-50% of Ukrainians and Belarusians were to be used as labor

According to Wetzel's proposals, the Russian people had to be subjected to measures such as assimilation ("Germanization") and reduction in numbers through a reduction in the birth rate - such actions are defined as genocide.

From the directive of A. Hitler to the Minister for Eastern Territories A. Rosenberg on the introduction of the General Plan "Ost" (July 23, 1942)

The Slavs must work for us, and if we no longer need them, let them die. Vaccinations and health care are unnecessary for them. Slavic fertility is undesirable... education is dangerous. It is enough if they can count up to a hundred ... Every educated person is our future enemy.

All sentimental objections should be discarded. We need to rule these people with iron determination... In military terms, we must kill three to four million Russians a year.

After the end of the war, out of approximately 40 million dead Slavic peoples (Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Serbs, Croats, Bosnians, etc.)

etc.), more than 30 million lost by the Soviet Union, more than 6 million Poles and over 2 million inhabitants of Yugoslavia were killed. "Generalplan Ost", as it should be understood, also meant the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" (German: Endlösung der Judenfrage), according to to which the Jews were subject to total annihilation. In the Baltics, the Latvians were considered more suitable for "Germanization", while the Lithuanians and Latgalians were not, as there were too many "Slavic admixtures" among them.

Although the plan was supposed to be launched at full capacity only after the end of the war, within its framework, nevertheless, about 3 million Soviet prisoners of war were destroyed, the population of Belarus, Ukraine and Poland was systematically destroyed and sent to forced labor. In particular, only on the territory of Belarus, the Nazis organized 260 death camps and 170 ghettos.

According to modern data, during the years of German occupation, the loss of the civilian population of Belarus amounted to about 2.5 million people, that is, about 25% of the population of the republic.

Almost 1 million Poles and 2 million Ukrainians were - most of them not of their own free will - sent to forced labor in Germany.

Another 2 million Poles from the annexed regions of the country were forcibly Germanized. Residents who were declared "unwanted on racial grounds" were subject to resettlement in Western Siberia; some of them were supposed to be used as auxiliary personnel in the management of the regions of enslaved Russia.

Fortunately, the plan could not be fully translated into reality, otherwise we would not be here by now.

Rosenberg's predecessor project

The master plan was preceded by a project developed by the Reichsministry of the Occupied Territories, which was headed by Alfred Rosenberg.

On May 9, 1941, Rosenberg submitted to the Führer a draft directive on policy issues in the territories to be occupied as a result of the aggression against the USSR.

Rosenberg proposed the creation of five governorships on the territory of the USSR. Hitler opposed the autonomy of Ukraine and replaced the term “governorship” with “Reich Commissariat” for it.

As a result, Rosenberg's ideas took the following forms of embodiment.

· The first - the Reichskommissariat Ostland - was to include Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Belarus. Ostland, where, according to Rosenberg, lived a population with Aryan blood, was subject to complete Germanization within two generations.

The second governorship - the Reichskommissariat Ukraine - included Eastern Galicia (known in fascist terminology as District Galicia), Crimea, a number of territories along the Don and Volga, as well as the lands of the abolished Soviet Autonomous Republic of the Volga Germans.

· The third governorship was called the Reichskommissariat of the Caucasus, and separated Russia from the Black Sea.

· Fourth - Russia to the Urals.

· Turkestan was to become the fifth governorship.

Briefly the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 with stages

The Great Patriotic War began on June 22, 1941 - the day when the Nazi invaders and their allies invaded the territory of the USSR.

It lasted four years and became the final stage of the Second World War. In total, about 34,000,000 Soviet soldiers took part in it, more than half of which died.

Causes of the Great Patriotic War

The main reason for the start of the Great Patriotic War was the desire of Adolf Hitler to lead Germany to world domination by capturing other countries and establishing a racially pure state. Therefore, on September 1, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland, then Czechoslovakia, initiating World War II and conquering more and more territories.

The successes and victories of Nazi Germany forced Hitler to violate the non-aggression pact concluded on August 23, 1939 between Germany and the USSR. He developed a special operation called "Barbarossa", which meant the capture of the Soviet Union in a short time. Thus began the Great Patriotic War. It went through three stages.

Stages of the Great Patriotic War

Stage 1: June 22, 1941 - November 18, 1942

The Germans captured Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine, Estonia, Belarus and Moldova.

The troops moved inland to capture Leningrad, Rostov-on-Don and Novgorod, but the main goal of the Nazis was Moscow. At this time, the USSR suffered heavy losses, thousands of people were taken prisoner. On September 8, 1941, the military blockade of Leningrad began, which lasted 872 days.

As a result, the Soviet troops were able to stop the German offensive. The Barbarossa plan failed.

Stage 2: 1942-1943

During this period, the USSR continued to build up its military power, industry and defense grew.

Thanks to the incredible efforts of the Soviet troops, the front line was pushed back - to the west. The central event of this period was the greatest Battle of Stalingrad in history (July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943).

The goal of the Germans was to capture Stalingrad, the big bend of the Don and the Volgodonsk isthmus. During the battle, more than 50 armies, corps and divisions of enemies were destroyed, about 2 thousand tanks, 3 thousand aircraft and 70 thousand vehicles were destroyed, German aviation was significantly weakened.

The victory of the USSR in this battle had a significant impact on the course of further military events.

Stage 3: 1943-1945

From defense, the Red Army gradually goes over to the offensive, moving towards Berlin. Several campaigns aimed at destroying the enemy were implemented.

A guerrilla war breaks out, during which 6200 partisan detachments are formed, trying to fight the enemy on their own. The partisans used all means at hand, down to clubs and boiling water, set up ambushes and traps. At this time, there are battles for the Right-Bank Ukraine, Berlin.

The Belarusian, Baltic, and Budapest operations were developed and put into action. As a result, on May 8, 1945, Germany officially recognized defeat.

Thus, the victory of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War was actually the end of the Second World War.

The defeat of the German army put an end to Hitler's desire to gain dominance over the world, universal slavery. However, the victory in the war came at a heavy price. Millions of people died in the struggle for the Motherland, cities, villages and villages were destroyed. All the last funds went to the front, so people lived in poverty and hunger. Every year on May 9th we celebrate Great Victory over fascism, we are proud of our soldiers for giving life to future generations, providing a brighter future.

At the same time, the victory was able to consolidate the influence of the USSR on the world stage and turn it into a superpower.

Briefly for children

More

The Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) is the most terrible and bloody war in the entire history of the USSR. This war was between two powers, the mighty power of the USSR and Germany. In a fierce battle, for five years, the USSR nevertheless won worthy of its opponent.

Germany, when attacking the union, hoped to quickly capture the whole country, but they did not expect how powerful and selenium the Slavic people were. What did this war lead to? To begin with, we will analyze a number of reasons, because of what it all started?

After the First World War, Germany was greatly weakened, a severe crisis overcame the country. But at that time Hitler came to power and introduced a large number of reforms and changes, thanks to which the country began to prosper, and people showed their trust in him.

When he became the ruler, he pursued such a policy in which he informed the people that the nation of Germans was the most excellent in the world. Hitler was lit up with the idea of ​​recouping for the First world war, for that terrible lose, he had the idea to subjugate the whole world.

He began with the Czech Republic and Poland, which later grew into the Second World War

We all remember very well from history books that until 1941 a non-aggression treaty was signed between the two countries of Germany and the USSR. But Hitler still attacked.

The Germans developed a plan called "Barbarossa". It clearly stated that Germany should capture the USSR in 2 months. He believed that if he had at his disposal all the strength and power of the country, then he would be able to go to war with the United States with fearlessness.

The war began so quickly, the USSR was not ready, but Hitler did not get what he wanted and expected. Our army put up a lot of resistance, the Germans did not expect to see such a strong opponent in front of them.

And the war dragged on for a long 5 years.

Now we will analyze the main periods during the entire war.

The initial stage of the war is June 22, 1941 to November 18, 1942. During this time, the Germans captured most of the country, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus also got here.

Unfortunately, they captured Leningrad, but what is most surprising, the people living there did not let the invaders into the city itself.

There were battles for these cities until the end of 1942.

The end of 1943, the beginning of 1943, was very difficult for the German troops and at the same time happy for the Russians. The Soviet army launched a counteroffensive, the Russians began to slowly but surely retake their territory, and the invaders and their allies slowly retreated to the west.

Some of the allies were destroyed on the spot.

Everyone remembers very well how the entire industry of the Soviet Union switched to the production of military supplies, thanks to which they were able to repulse the enemies. The retreating army turned into attackers.

The final. 1943 to 1945 The Soviet soldiers gathered all their strength and began to recapture their territory at a fast pace. All forces were directed towards the invaders, namely to Berlin. At this time, Leningrad was liberated, and other previously captured countries were recaptured.

The Russians resolutely marched on Germany.

The last stage (1943-1945). At this time, the USSR began to take away its lands bit by bit and move towards the invaders. Russian soldiers retook Leningrad and other cities, then they proceeded to the very heart of Germany - Berlin.

On May 8, 1945, the USSR entered Berlin, the Germans announced their surrender. Their ruler could not stand it and independently left for the next world.

And now the worst part of the war. How many people died so that we would now live in the world and enjoy every day.

In fact, history is silent about these terrible figures.

The USSR concealed for a long time, then the number of people. The government hid data from the people. And people then understood how many died, how many were taken prisoner, and how many missing people to this day. But after a while, the data nevertheless surfaced. Up to 10 million soldiers died in this war official sources and about 3 million more

were in German captivity. These are terrible numbers. And how many children, old people, women died. The Germans mercilessly shot everyone.

It was a terrible war, unfortunately it brought a lot of tears to families, there was devastation in the country for a long time, but slowly the USSR got on its feet, post-war actions subsided, but did not subside in the hearts of people.

In the hearts of mothers who did not wait for their sons from the front. Wives who were left widows with children. But what a strong Slavic people, even after such a war, he rose from his knees.

Then the whole world knew how strong the state was and how strong in spirit people lived there.

Thanks to the veterans who protected us when they were very young. Unfortunately, at the moment there are only a few of them left, but we will never forget their feat.

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At the end of 2009, the text of Hitler's "Plan Ost" - a project for the Germanization of Eastern Europe, that is, the mass extermination and resettlement of Russians, Poles, Ukrainians - was declassified in Germany and for the first time in wide access - posted. Considered lost for a long time, the text of the plan was found back in the 80s.

But only now anyone can get acquainted with it on the website of the Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture of the Humboldt University of Berlin.

The publication of documents from the state archive was accompanied by an apology. The Council of the Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture of the Humboldt University said that it regrets that one of the former directors of the educational institution, SS member Professor Konrad Mayer, did so much to create the "General Plan East".

Now this most secret document, which only the top leaders of the Reich knew about, is available to everyone.

“German weapons have conquered the eastern regions, for which there has been a struggle for centuries.

The Reich sees it as its most important task to turn them into imperial territories as soon as possible, ”the document says.

For a long time the text was considered lost. For the Nuremberg trials, only a six-page extract from it was obtained. The plan was drawn up by the Imperial Security Main Office, and other versions of the plan, along with other important documents, were burned by the Nazis in 1945.

The “General Plan Vostok” with German thoroughness shows what the USSR would have expected if the Germans had won that war. And it becomes clear why the plan was kept a strict secret.

“At the forefront of the front of the German people against Asiaticism, areas of particular importance for the Reich are designated.

In order to ensure the vital interests of the Reich in these areas, it is necessary to use not only force and organization, it is precisely there that the German population is needed.

In a completely hostile environment, they must take root in these areas,” the text recommends.

Evgeny Kulkov, senior Researcher Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences: “They were going to deport the Lithuanians beyond the Urals and to Siberia, or destroy them. It's practically the same. 85 percent of Lithuanians, 75 percent of Belarusians, 65 percent of Western Ukrainians, residents of Western Ukraine, 50 percent each from the Baltic states.”

Comparing the sources, the scientists found out that the Nazis wanted to resettle 10 million Germans in the eastern lands, and from there to evict 30 million people to Siberia.

Leningrad from a city of three million was to turn into a German settlement for 200,000 inhabitants. Millions of people were to die of starvation and disease. Hitler planned to finally destroy Russia by dividing it into many isolated parts.

Based on the instructions of the Reichsführer SS, one should proceed from the settlement primarily of the following areas: Ingermanlandia (Petersburg region); Gotengau (Crimea and Kherson region, former Tavria), Memelnrav region (Bialystok region and western Lithuania).

The Germanization of this area is already proceeding through the return of the Volksdeutsche.”

It is curious that the lands beyond the Urals seemed to the Nazis such a disastrous territory that they were not even considered as a matter of priority. But, fearing that the Poles exiled there would be able to form their own state, the Nazis nevertheless decided to send them to Siberia in small groups.

In this plan, it is calculated not only how many cities will have to be cleared for future colonizers, but also how much it will cost and who will bear the costs.

After the war, the drafter of the document, Konrad Mayer, was acquitted by the Nuremberg Tribunal and continued to teach at German universities.

By publishing the original of this sinister plan on the Internet, German scientists express the opinion that society has not yet repented sufficiently before the victims of Nazism.

A group of translators of the Essence of Time movement translated the document into Russian and now any citizen of our country can read it.

Behind dry numbers and calculations - the fate of millions of people in the USSR. The very people who became redundant and had to be eliminated in order to make room for the German people.

Miroslava Berdnik

On the picture: At the opening of the exhibition "Planning and building a new order in the East" on March 20, 1941, Konrad Mayer (right) addressed the leading functionaries of the Reich (from left to right): Hitler's deputy Rudolf Hess, Heinrich Himmler, Reichsleiter Buhler, Reichsminister Todt and chief of the chief Heydrich's Imperial Security Office.

Plan
Introduction
1 Project Rosenberg
2 Description of the plan
3 Wetzel's remarks and suggestions
4 Developed variants of the Ost plan
4.1 Documents created after the attack on the USSR on June 22, 1941

Bibliography

General plan "Ost" Generalplan Ost) - a secret plan of the German government of the Third Reich to carry out ethnic cleansing in Eastern Europe and its German colonization after the victory over the USSR ..

A variant of the plan was developed in 1941 by the Imperial Security Main Office and presented on May 28, 1942 by an employee of the Office of the Headquarters of the Imperial Commissioner for the Consolidation of the German People, SS Oberführer Konrad Meyer-Hetling under the name "General Plan Ost" - the basis of the legal, economic and territorial structure East".

The text of this document was found in the German Federal Archives in the late 1980s, some documents from there were presented at an exhibition in 1991, but it was completely digitized and published only in November-December 2009.

At the Nuremberg trials, the only evidence of the existence of the plan was “Remarks and proposals of the Eastern Ministry on the general plan“ Ost ”, according to prosecutors, written on April 27, 1942 by an employee of the Ministry of Eastern Territories E.

Wetzel after reading the draft plan prepared by the RSHA.

1. Project Rosenberg

The master plan was preceded by a project developed by the Reichsministry of the Occupied Territories, which was headed by Alfred Rosenberg. On May 9, 1941, Rosenberg submitted to the Fuhrer a draft policy directive on the territories to be occupied as a result of the aggression against the USSR.

Rosenberg proposed the creation of five governorships on the territory of the USSR.

Hitler opposed the autonomy of Ukraine and replaced the term “governorship” with “Reich Commissariat” for it. As a result, Rosenberg's ideas took the following forms of embodiment.

• Ostland - was to include Belarus, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Ostland, where, according to Rosenberg, lived a population with Aryan blood, was subject to complete Germanization within two generations.
• Ukraine - would include the territory of the former Ukrainian SSR, Crimea, a number of territories along the Don and Volga, as well as the lands of the abolished Soviet Autonomous Republic of the Volga Germans.

According to Rosenberg's idea, the governorate was to receive autonomy and become the backbone of the Third Reich in the East.

• Caucasus - would include republics North Caucasus and Transcaucasia and would separate Russia from the Black Sea.
• Muscovy - Russia to the Urals.
• Turkestan was to become the fifth governorate.

The success of the German campaign in the summer-autumn of 1941 led to a revision and toughening of the German plans for the eastern lands, and as a result, the Ost plan was born.

Description of the plan

According to some reports, the "Plan" Ost "" was divided into two - "Small Plan" (German. Kleine Planung) and "Big Plan" (German. Grosse Planung). The small plan was to be carried out during the war. The German government wanted to focus on the Grand Plan after the war. The plan provided for a different percentage of Germanization for various conquered Slavic and other peoples. "Non-Germanized" were to be deported to Western Siberia or subjected to physical destruction.

The execution of the plan was to ensure that the conquered territories would acquire an irrevocably German character.

3. Remarks and suggestions by Wetzel

Among historians, a document known as "Remarks and proposals of the Eastern Ministry on the general plan" Ost "" has been circulated. The text of this document has often been presented as the "Plan Ost" itself, although it has little in common with the text of the Plan published at the end of 2009.

Wetzel assumed the expulsion of tens of millions of Slavs beyond the Urals.

The Poles, according to Wetzel, "were the most hostile to the Germans, the largest and therefore the most dangerous people."

"Generalplan Ost", as it should be understood, also meant the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" (German.

Endlösung der Judenfrage), according to which the Jews were subject to total destruction:

The number of people to be evicted according to the plan must actually be much higher than envisaged. Only if we take into account that approximately 5-6 million Jews living in this territory will be liquidated even before the eviction is carried out, can we agree with the figure of 45 million mentioned in the plan. local residents non-German origin.

However, the plan shows that Jews are included in the mentioned 45 million people. From this, therefore, it follows that the plan proceeds from an obviously incorrect calculation of the population. From Wetzel's remarks and proposals on the general plan "Ost"

In the Baltics, the Latvians were considered more suitable for "Germanization", while the Lithuanians and Latgalians were not, as there were too many "Slavic admixtures" among them.

According to Wetzel's proposals, the Russian people were to be subjected to such measures as assimilation ("Germanization") and reduction in numbers through a reduction in the birth rate - such actions are defined as genocide.

From the directive of A. Hitler to the Minister for Affairs
Eastern Territories A. Rosenberg
on the entry into force of the General Plan "Ost"
(July 23, 1942)

The Slavs must work for us, and if we no longer need them, let them die.

Vaccinations and health care are unnecessary for them. Slavic fertility is undesirable... education is dangerous. It is enough if they can count to one hundred ...
Every educated person is our future enemy. All sentimental objections should be discarded.

It is necessary to rule these people with iron determination...
In military terms, we should be killing three to four million Russians a year.

Developed variants of the "Ost" plan

The following documents were developed by the planning team Gr. lll B planned service of the Main Staff Directorate of the Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of the German People Heinrich Himmler (Reichskommissar für die Festigung Deutschen Volkstums (RKFDV) and the Institute of Agrarian Policy of the Friedrich-Wilhelm University of Berlin:

• Document 1: Fundamentals of Planning, created in February 1940 by the planning service of the RKFDV (volume: 21 pages).

About 100,000 settlement farms of 29 hectares each were to be created on this territory. It was planned to resettle in this territory about 4.3 million Germans; of these, 3.15 million in rural areas and 1.15 million in cities.

At the same time, 560,000 Jews (100% of the population of the region of this nationality) and 3.4 million Poles (44% of the population of the region of this nationality) were to be gradually eliminated. The costs of implementing these plans have not been estimated.

• Document 2: Materials for the report "Colonization", developed in December 1940 by the planning service of the RKFDV (volume 5 pages).

• Document 3 (disappeared, exact content unknown): "General Plan Ost", created in July 1941 by the planning service of the RKFDV. Contents: Description of the extent of the planned eastern colonization in the USSR, with the boundaries of specific areas of colonization.
• Document 4 (disappeared, exact contents unknown): "General plan Ost", created in December 1941 by the planning group Gr.

lll B RSHA. Contents: Description of the scale of the planned eastern colonization in the USSR and the Governor-General with the specific boundaries of individual areas of settlement.

• Document 5: "General Plan Ost", created in May 1942 by the Institute for Agriculture and Politics of the Friedrich Wilhelm University of Berlin (volume 68 pages).

The area of ​​colonization was to cover 364,231 km², including 36 strongholds and three administrative districts in the region of Leningrad, the Kherson-Crimean region and in the region of Bialystok. At the same time, settlement farms with an area of ​​40-100 hectares, as well as large agricultural enterprises with an area of ​​at least 250 hectares, were supposed to appear. The required number of migrants was estimated at 5.65 million. The areas planned for settlement were to be cleared of approximately 25 million people. The cost of implementing the plan was estimated at 66.6 billion Reichsmarks.

• Document 6: "Master Plan of Colonization" (German.

Generalsiedlungsplan), created in September 1942 by the planning service of the RKF (volume: 200 pages, including 25 maps and tables).

The region was supposed to cover an area of ​​330,000 km² with 360,100 farms. The required number of migrants was estimated at 12.21 million people (of which 2.859 million were peasants and those employed in forestry). The area planned for settlement was to be cleared of approximately 30.8 million people.

The cost of implementing the plan was estimated at 144 billion Reichsmarks.

Bibliography:

1. DIETRICH EICHHOLTZ ""Generalplan Ost" zur Versklavung osteuropäischer Völker"

2. Olga SOROKINA. Ethnic groups in the occupied territory of the USSR during the Second World War

Zitat aus dem universitären Generalplan Ost vom Mai 1942 in einem Berliner Ausstellungskatalog 1991 bei falscher Quellen- und Datenangabe hier

4. Generalplan Ost Rechtliche, wirtschaftliche und räumliche Grundlagen des Ostaufbaus, Vorgelegt von SS-Oberführer Professor Dr. XX, Berlin-Dahlem, May 28, 1942

The Ost Plan is a fairly large topic for discussion and one could easily write a whole book about it, which we will not do now. In this article we will consider the Ost plan briefly and to the point. Let's start with the definition of this term.

Plan Ost or General Plan Ost (there is also such a term) is a very extensive policy of domination in the world of the Third Reich of Nazi Germany in Eastern Europe.

One of the main goals of the Germans in the course of the Ost plan was the full-scale eviction of the population of Poland (approximately 85%) and the settlement of these territories by Germans.

This plan was to be fully realized within a long thirty years. The development of this project was carried out by the famous political and military figure of the Reich - Heinrich Himmler. In addition to him, one should also note such a person as Erhard Wetzel, because he was one of the main authors of this plan.

The idea called the Ost plan appeared most likely back in 1940 and was initiated by the same Himmler.

Himmler decided to implement his plan immediately after the imminent victory over the USSR, but the turning point in the Great Patriotic War completely rejected the implementation this project, in 1943 it was completely abandoned, as the Reich had to find a way to regain its advantage in the war.

"Remarks and Proposal on the General Plan Ost" is the main document that can tell all the Nazis' goals regarding the settlement of Eastern Europe.

In total, this document is divided into four large sections, which should be discussed in detail.

The question of the resettlement of Germans is considered in the first section. According to the plan, they were to occupy the eastern territories. At the same time, representatives of the Slavic peoples were to remain in these territories, but their number should not exceed 14 million people - these are small numbers, approximately 15% of the total population of those territories. In addition, this section states that all Jews living in these territories, and this is at least 6 million people, must be completely liquidated - that is, they all had to be killed without any exceptions.

The second question does not deserve special attention, but the third is different. It discussed the most pressing issue - the Polish one, because the Nazis believed that it was the Poles who were the most hostile ethnic group towards the Germans and their issue needed to be resolved radically.

The author of the document says that it is impossible to kill all Poles, this would completely undermine the confidence of other peoples in German, which the Germans did not want at all. Instead, they decided to resettle almost all Germans somewhere. It was planned to deport them to the territory of South America, namely to the territory of modern Brazil.

In addition to the Poles, the future fate of Ukrainians and Belarusians was considered here. It was also not planned to kill these peoples.

Approximately 65% ​​of all Ukrainians were to be deported to Siberia, 75% of Belarusians were to follow the Ukrainians. It also talks about Czechs: 50% for deportation and 50% to be Germanized.

The fourth section discusses the fate of the Russian people. The fourth section is one of the most important, since the Germans considered the Russian people to be one of the most problematic people in the East, of course, after the Jews.

The Germans understood that the Russian people were extremely dangerous for them, they identified this in their biology, but they simply did not have the opportunity to completely destroy it. As a result, they wanted to find a way to somehow control the Russian population in the East. They developed a system that would reduce the birth rate among the Russian people.

Exist interesting fact, many historians believe that it is impossible to interpret the word "eviction" directly, since the Germans under this word considered the complete elimination of those percentages of the population that were designated in the document.

In total, about 6.5 million ethnic Germans were supposed to move to the East, who were supposed to look after the remaining Slavic population (14 million). It was a document of 1941, but already in 1942 it was decided to double the number of immigrants - almost 13 million Germans.

Among this large number of Germans, about 20-30% should have been people engaged in agriculture, which would provide the entire German people with the necessary amount of food.

It is interesting that there was no final version of the Ost plan, there were only a few projects, and even those were constantly rewritten and changed. For the implementation of all these processes, the Germans planned to spend huge sums - more than 100 billion marks.

As a conclusion, it should be said that although the Ost plan was not implemented, which saved the lives of millions of people, many still died. Approximately 6 or 7 million people were killed during the German occupation of Eastern Europe. Moreover, of these 6-7 million civilians, the majority, which is quite understandable, of those killed are representatives of the Jewish ethnic group.

The very last document of the Ost plan was published in 2009, and anyone, having found the necessary scientific literature, can familiarize himself with its full content and, so to speak, plunge into the monstrous plans of the Third Reich leadership regarding the population of Eastern Europe.

I understand that the text is large and you will probably be too lazy to read it, but I have a huge request to you: please read it. Take ten minutes of your time. Place once and for all all points over "i".

I give all fa and antifa the opportunity to learn first hand about the long-term plans of Hitler's National Socialism, about the future that they have prepared for our people. I am sure that after reading these documents, you will be able to fully appreciate not only the military prowess of fathers and grandfathers, but also the significance of their victory for the fate of the Motherland. Its transformation into a breeding ground for the Reich, the displacement of the indigenous population in favor of German settlers, the forced reduction in the number of Slavic and other peoples of the USSR, the elimination of their culture and statehood - that's what we managed to avoid then.

Hitler's policy of genocide was most clearly embodied in the master plan "Ost", which was developed by the Imperial Main Security Directorate under the leadership of Himmler, together with Rosenberg's Eastern Ministry. Until now, the true plan "Ost" has not been discovered. However, after the defeat of fascist Germany, a very valuable document was found and placed at the disposal of the Nuremberg military tribunal, which makes it possible to get an idea of ​​this plan and, in general, of the policy of German imperialism towards the peoples of Eastern Europe. We are talking about "Remarks and suggestions on the master plan" Ost "of the Reichsfuehrer of the SS troops." This document was signed on April 27, 1942 by E. Wetzel, head of the colonization department of the 1st Main Political Directorate of the "Eastern Ministry".

1/214, national importance
Top secret! State importance!
Berlin, 27.4.1942.

Remarks and suggestions on the master plan "Ost" of the Reichsführer of the SS troops

“Back in November 1941, I became aware that the Reich Security Main Office was working on the Ost General Plan. The responsible officer of the Reich Security Main Office, Standartenführer Elih, already told me at that time the figure of 31 million people of non-German origin provided for in the plan, subject to resettlement This matter is in charge of the Reichsfuehrer SS Main Directorate of Security, which now occupies a leading position among the bodies subordinate to the Reichsfuehrer SS Troops.Moreover, the Imperial Security Main Directorate, in the opinion of all departments subordinate to the Reichsfuehrer SS Troops, will also perform the functions of the Reich Commissariat for Strengthening the German Race .

General remarks on the general plan "Ost"

According to its ultimate goal, namely the planned Germanization of the territories in question in the East, the plan should be approved. However, the enormous difficulties that will undoubtedly arise in the implementation of this plan and may even raise doubts about its feasibility appear relatively small in the plan. First of all, it is striking that Ingermanland [by this name the Nazis meant the territory of the Novgorod, Pskov and Leningrad regions], the Dnieper, Tavria and Crimea fell out of the plan [back in July 1941, Hitler gave the order to evict all residents from the Crimea and turn it into "German Riviera", a project was even developed for the resettlement of the population of South Tyrol to the Crimea] as a territory for colonization. This is obviously due to the fact that in the future the plan will additionally include new colonization projects, which will be discussed at the end.

At present, it is already possible to more or less definitely set as eastern border colonization (in its northern and middle parts) a line running from Lake Ladoga to the Valdai Upland and further to Bryansk. Whether these changes will be made to the plan by the command of the SS troops, I do not presume to judge.

In any case, it must be foreseen that the number of people, according to the plan, subject to resettlement, should be even more increased.

It can be understood from the plan that this is not a program to be implemented immediately, but that, on the contrary, the settlement of this area by the Germans should take place within about 30 years after the end of the war. According to the plan, 14 million local residents should remain in this territory. However, whether they will lose their national traits and whether they will undergo Germanization within the envisaged 30 years is more than doubtful, since, again, according to the plan under consideration, the number of German settlers is very small. Obviously, the plan does not take into account the desire of the State Commissioner for the Strengthening of the German Race (Department of Greifelt) to settle persons suitable for Germanization within the German Empire proper...

The fundamental question of the entire plan for the colonization of the East is the question of whether we will be able to awaken again in the German people the desire for resettlement to the East. As far as I can judge from my experience, such a desire in most cases undoubtedly exists. However, one must also not lose sight of the fact that, on the other hand, a significant part of the population, especially from the western part of the empire, sharply rejects resettlement to the east, even to the Wart region, to the Danzig region and to West Prussia [this fact, by the way, says that there was nothing in common between the misanthropic plans of the fascist clique in Germany and the interests of the German people. The Nazis feared that after the resettlement of the peoples of Poland, the Baltic States, Western Ukraine and Western Belarus and the disappearance of the problem they had invented "a people without living space" (Volk ohne Raum), a new problem would arise for them - "living space without a people" (Raum ohne Volk)] .. It is necessary, in my opinion, that the relevant authorities, especially the Eastern Ministry, constantly monitor the trends that are expressed in unwillingness to move to the East, and fight them with the help of propaganda.

Along with the encouragement of aspirations for resettlement to the east, the decisive moment also includes the need to awaken in the German people, especially among the German colonists in the eastern territories, the desire to increase childbearing. We must not be misled: the increase in the birth rate observed since 1933 was in itself a gratifying phenomenon, but it cannot by any means be considered sufficient for the existence of the German people, especially taking into account their huge task of colonizing the eastern territories and the incredible biological capacity for reproduction of the neighboring eastern peoples.

The general plan "Ost" provides that after the end of the war, the number of immigrants for the immediate colonization of the eastern territories should be ... 4550 thousand people. This number does not seem too high to me, given the colonization period of 30 years. It is possible that it could be more. After all, it must be borne in mind that these 4,550 thousand Germans should be distributed in such territories as the region of Danzig-West Prussia, the Wart region, Upper Silesia, the general government of Southeast Prussia, the Bialystok region, the Baltic states, Ingria, Belarus, partially also the regions of Ukraine ... If we take into account the favorable increase in population through an increase in the birth rate, and also to a certain extent the influx of immigrants from other countries inhabited by German peoples, then we can count on 8 million Germans to colonize these territories over a period of about 30 years . However, this does not achieve the figure of 10 million Germans envisaged by the plan. According to the plan, these 8 million Germans account for 45 million local residents of non-German origin, of which 31 million are to be evicted from these territories.

If we analyze the preliminary figure of 45 million inhabitants of non-German origin, it turns out that the local population of the territories in question will itself exceed the number of immigrants. On the territory of the former Poland, there are supposedly about 36 million people [this, obviously, includes the population of Western Belarus and Western Ukraine]. Approximately 1 million local Germans (Volksdeutsche) must be excluded from them. Then 35 million people will remain. The Baltic countries number 5.5 million people. Obviously, the master plan "Ost" also takes into account the former Soviet Zhytomyr, Kamenetz-Podolsk and partially Vinnitsa regions as territories for colonization. The population of Zhytomyr and Kamenetz-Podolsk regions is approximately 3.6 million people, and Vinnitsa - about 2 million people, since a significant part of it is in the sphere of interests of Romania. Consequently, the total population living here is approximately 5.5-5.6 million people. Thus, the total population of the regions under consideration is 51 million. The number of people to be evicted, according to the plan, should in reality be much higher than envisaged. Only if we take into account that approximately 5-6 million Jews living in this territory will be liquidated even before the eviction, can we agree with the figure mentioned in the plan of 45 million local residents of non-German origin. However, the plan shows that Jews are included in the mentioned 45 million people. From this, therefore, it follows that the plan proceeds from an obviously incorrect calculation of the population.

In addition, it seems to me that the plan does not take into account that the local population of NON-German origin will multiply very rapidly over a period of 30 years ... Given all this, one must proceed from the fact that the number of residents of non-German origin in these territories will significantly exceed 51 million . Human. It will amount to 60-65 million people.

This leads to the conclusion that the number of people who must either remain in these territories or be evicted is significantly higher than envisaged in the plan. Accordingly, there will be even more difficulties in carrying out the plan. If we take into account that 14 million local residents will remain in the territories under consideration, as the plan provides, then 46-51 million people need to be evicted. The number of residents to be resettled, set by the plan at 31 million people, cannot be considered correct. Further notes on the plan. The plan provides for the resettlement of racially undesirable local residents in Western Siberia. At the same time, percentage figures are given for individual peoples, and thereby the fate of these peoples is decided, although there are still no exact data on their racial composition. Further, the same approach is established to all peoples, regardless of whether the Germanization of the respective peoples is provided at all and to what extent, whether this applies to peoples friendly or hostile to the Germans.

General remarks on the issue of Germanization, especially on the future attitude towards the inhabitants of the former Baltic States

In principle, the following should be noted here. It goes without saying that the policy of Germanization applies only to those peoples whom we consider racially complete. Racially valuable, in comparison with our people, can be considered basically only those local residents of non-German origin who themselves, like their offspring, have pronounced signs of the Nordic race, manifested in appearance, behavior and abilities ...

In my opinion, it is possible to win over to our side the local residents suitable for Germanization in the Baltic countries, if the forced eviction of the undesirable population is carried out under the guise of a more or less voluntary resettlement. In practice, this could easily be done. In the vast expanses of the East, not intended for colonization by the Germans, we will need a large number of people who have been brought up to some extent in the European spirit and have mastered at least the basic concepts of European culture. Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians have this data to a large extent...

We should constantly proceed from the fact that, while managing all the vast territories that are within the sphere of interests of the German Empire, we should save the strength of the German people as much as possible ... Then, events unpleasant for the Russian population will be carried out, for example, not by a German, but by a German Lettish or Lithuanian administration, which, if this principle is skillfully implemented, will undoubtedly have positive consequences for us. At the same time, one should hardly be afraid of the Russification of the Letts or Lithuanians, especially since their number is not so small anymore and they will occupy positions that put them above the Russians. Representatives of this stratum of the population should also be instilled with the feeling and creation of the fact that they represent something special in comparison with the Russians. Perhaps later the danger from this stratum of the population, connected with its desire to become German, will be greater than the danger of its Russification. Regardless of the more or less voluntary resettlement proposed here of racially undesirable inhabitants from the former Baltic states to the East, the possibility of their resettlement in other countries should also be allowed. As for the Lithuanians, whose general racial data is much worse than that of the Estonians and Latvians, and among whom there is therefore a very significant number of racially undesirable people, then one should think about providing them with territory suitable for colonization in the East ...

To the solution of the Polish question

a) Poles.

Their number is presumably 20-24 million people. Of all the peoples to be resettled according to the plan, the Poles are the most hostile to the Germans, numerically the largest and therefore the most dangerous people.

The plan provides for the eviction of 80-85 percent of the Poles, that is, out of 20 or 24 million Poles, 16-20.4 million are subject to eviction, while 3-4.8 million will have to remain in the territory inhabited by German colonists . These figures proposed by the Reich Main Security Directorate disagree with the data of the Reich Commissar for the Strengthening of the German Race on the number of racially full-fledged Poles suitable for Germanization. The Reich Commissioner for the Strengthening of the German Race, on the basis of an accounting of the rural population of the regions of Danzig-West Prussia and Warth, estimates the proportion of inhabitants suitable for Germanization at 3 percent. If we take this percentage as a basis, then the number of Poles to be evicted should be even more than 19-23 million...

The Eastern Ministry is now showing particular interest in the question of the accommodation of racially undesirable Poles. The forced resettlement of about 20 million Poles in a certain region of Western Siberia will undoubtedly cause constant danger to the entire territory of Siberia, create a hotbed of continuous revolts against the order established by the German authorities. Such a settlement of the Poles, perhaps, would make sense as a counterbalance to the Russians, if the latter regained state independence and the German control of this territory would therefore become illusory. To this it must be added that we must also strive in every possible way to strengthen the Siberian peoples in order to prevent the strengthening of the Russians. Siberians should feel like a people with their own culture. A compact settlement of a few million Poles can probably have the following consequences: either in the course of time the smaller Siberians will take up arms and a “Greater Poland” will arise, or we will make the Siberians our worst enemies, push them into the arms of the Russians and thereby prevent the formation of the Siberian people.

These are the political considerations that arise when reading the plan. Perhaps they are too much attention, but in any case they deserve consideration.

I can agree that much more than 20 million people will be able to settle in the vast expanses of the West Siberian steppe with its black earth regions, provided that systematic settlement is carried out. Certain difficulties may arise in the practical implementation of such a mass resettlement. If, according to the plan, a period of 30 years is envisaged for resettlement, then the number of settlers will be about 700-800 thousand annually. To transport this mass of people, 700-800 trains will be required annually, and to transport property and, possibly, livestock, several hundred more formulations. This means that only 100-120 trains will be needed annually to transport Poles. In relatively peacetime, this can be considered technically feasible.

It is absolutely clear that the Polish question cannot be solved by liquidating the Poles, just as it is done with the Jews. Such a solution of the Polish question would burden the conscience of the German people for all eternity and would deprive us of the sympathy of all, all the more so of others neighboring us. the peoples would begin to fear that one fine day they would suffer the same fate. In my opinion, the Polish question must be resolved in such a way as to minimize the political complications I have mentioned above. Back in March 1941, in a memorandum, I expressed the point of view that the Polish question could be partially resolved by more or less voluntary resettlement of the Poles across the ocean. As I learned later, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is not without interest in the idea of ​​a possible partial solution of the Polish question through the resettlement of Poles in South America, especially in Brazil. In my opinion, it is necessary to ensure that after the end of the war, the cultural and, in part, other sections of the Polish people, unsuitable for Germanization for racial or political reasons, would emigrate to South America, as well as to North and Central America ... To resettle millions of the most dangerous for us Poles to South America, especially to Brazil, is quite possible. At the same time, one could try to return the South American Germans, especially from South Brazil, through an exchange, and settle them in new colonies, for example, in Tavria, the Crimea, and also in the Dnieper region, since now we are not talking about settling the African colonies of the empire ...

The vast majority of racially undesirable Poles must be resettled in the East. This applies mainly to the images of peasants, agricultural workers, artisans, etc. They can easily be settled on the territory of Siberia ...

When the Kuznetsk, Novosibirsk and Karaganda industrial regions begin to operate at full capacity, a huge amount of labor will be required, especially technical workers [the ruling circles of fascist Germany were by no means going to develop industry in Eastern Europe after its occupation. They wanted to use it only temporarily in order to continue the struggle against England and the United States. After the final victory in the war, the Nazis intended to turn the whole of Eastern Europe into a raw materials and agrarian appendage of the third empire. Most industrial enterprises They planned to destroy the Soviet Union or transport it to the West]. Why shouldn't Walloon engineers, Czech technicians, Hungarian merchants and the like work in Siberia? In this case, one could rightly speak of a reserve European territory for colonization and extraction of raw materials. Here European idea would make sense in all respects, while in the territory intended for German colonization, it would be dangerous for us, since in this case it would mean that we would accept, by virtue of the logic of things, the idea of ​​​​racial mixing of the peoples of Europe ... It should constantly keep in mind that Siberia to the lake. Baikal has always been a territory for European colonization. The Mongols inhabiting these areas, as well as the Turkic peoples, appeared here in the recent historical period. It must be emphasized once again that Siberia is one of the factors that, if properly used, could play a decisive role in depriving the Russian people of the opportunity to restore their power.

b) On the issue of Ukrainians.

According to the plan of the main department of imperial security, Western Ukrainians should also be resettled to the territory of Siberia. This provides for the resettlement of 65 percent of the population. This figure is significantly lower than the percentage of the Polish population subject to eviction...

c) On the issue of Belarusians.

According to the plan, 75 percent of the Belarusian population is to be evicted from the territory they occupy. This means that 25 percent of Belarusians, according to the plan of the main department of imperial security, are subject to Germanization ...
The racially undesirable Belarusian population will remain on the territory of Belarus for many years to come. In this regard, it seems extremely necessary to select as carefully as possible Belarusians of the Nordic type, suitable for Germanization on racial and political grounds, and send them to the empire in order to be used as labor force ... They could be used in agriculture as agricultural workers, as well as in industry or as artisans. Since they would be treated like Germans and because of their lack of national feeling, they could soon, at least in the next generation, be completely Germanized.

The next question is the question of a place for the resettlement of Belarusians who are racially unsuitable for Germanization. According to the master plan, they should also be resettled in Western Siberia. It should be assumed that Belarusians are the most harmless and therefore the safest people for us from all the peoples of the eastern regions [the Nazis included Belarus as a general commissariat in the imperial commissariat "Ostland" ("Ostland"), whose administrative center was in Riga. V. Kube was appointed General Commissioner of Belarus. From the first days of the occupation, the Belarusian people launched a broad partisan struggle against the invaders. He turned out to be not as "harmless" to the occupiers as portrayed in this document. Suffice it to say that by the end of 1943, the partisans held in their hands and controlled 60 percent of the territory of Belarus. As of January 1, 1944, 862 partisan detachments were operating in Belarus. On the night of September 21-22, 1943, the partisans destroyed the executioner of the Belarusian people V. Kube with the help of a delayed-action mine. Even those Belarusians whom we cannot, for racial reasons, leave on the territory intended for colonization by our people, we can more than representatives of other peoples of the eastern regions, to use in their own interests. The land of Belarus is scarce. To offer them better lands is to reconcile them with certain things that might turn them against us. To this, by the way, it should be added that the Russian population itself, and especially the Belarusian population, is inclined to change their homes, so that resettlement in these areas would not be perceived by the inhabitants as tragically as, for example, in the Baltic countries. You should also think about resettling the Belarusians in the Urals or in the regions of the North Caucasus, which could also partially be reserve territories for European colonization...

TO THE QUESTION OF THE TREATMENT OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION

It is necessary to touch upon one more question, which is not mentioned at all in the general plan of the "Ost", but is of great importance for solving the entire Eastern problem in general, namely, how can it be preserved and whether it is possible at all to preserve for a long time German domination in the face of the enormous biological power of the Russian people. Therefore, it is necessary to briefly consider the question of the attitude towards the Russians, about which almost nothing is said in the general plan.

Now we can say with confidence that our previous anthropological information about the Russians, not to mention the fact that they were very incomplete and outdated, are largely incorrect. This was already noted in the autumn of 1941 by representatives of the race policy department and well-known German scientists. This point of view was once again confirmed by Professor Dr. Abel, former first assistant to Professor E. Fischer, who in the winter of this year, on behalf of the Supreme High Command of the Armed Forces, carried out detailed anthropological studies of Russians ...

Abel saw only the following possibilities for solving the problem: either the COMPLETE DESTRUCTION of the Russian people, or the Germanization of that part of it that has clear signs of the Nordic race. These very serious provisions of Abel deserve great attention. It is not only about the defeat of the state with its center in Moscow. Achieving this historic goal would never mean a complete solution to the problem. The point is most likely to defeat the Russians as a people, to divide them. Only if this problem is considered from a biological, especially from a racial-biological point of view, and if the German policy in the eastern regions is carried out in accordance with this, will it be possible to eliminate the danger posed to us by the Russian people.

The way proposed by Abel to eliminate the Russians as a people, not to mention the fact that its implementation would hardly be possible, is also not suitable for us for political and economic reasons. In such a case, one must take different paths in order to solve the Russian problem. These paths are briefly as follows.

A) First of all, it is necessary to provide for the division of the territory inhabited by Russians into various political regions with their own governing bodies in order to ensure separate national development in each of them ...

For the time being, one can leave open the question of whether an imperial commissariat should be established in the Urals, or whether separate district administrations should be created here for the non-Russian population living in this territory without a special local central authority. However, it is of decisive importance here that these regions are not administratively subordinate to the German supreme authorities, which will be created in the Russian central regions. The peoples inhabiting these regions must be taught not to orient themselves towards Moscow under any circumstances, even if a German imperial commissar is in Moscow...

Both in the Urals and in the Caucasus there are many different nationalities and languages. It will be impossible, and politically, perhaps, wrong to make Tatar or Mordovian the main language in the Urals, and, say, Georgian in the Caucasus. This could irritate other peoples in these areas. Therefore, it is worth considering the introduction of the German language as a language that connects all these peoples ... Thus, German influence in the East would increase significantly. Consideration should also be given to administratively separating Northern Russia from the territories under the control of the Imperial Commissariat for Russian Affairs [obviously referring to the "Moscow Imperial Commissariat".]... One should not reject the idea of ​​transforming this area in the future into a Great German colonial district, since its population still to a large extent has signs of the Nordic race. On the whole, in the rest of the central regions of Russia, the policy of individual general commissariats should be directed, as far as possible, towards the separation and separate development of these regions.

A Russian from the Gorky General Commissariat should be instilled with the feeling that he is somehow different from a Russian from the Tula General Commissariat. There is no doubt that such an administrative fragmentation of Russian territory and the systematic separation of individual regions will turn out to be one of the means of combating the strengthening of the Russian people [ In this regard, it is appropriate to mention the following statement by Hitler: "Our policy towards the peoples inhabiting the wide expanses of Russia should be to encourage any form of discord and split"(H. Picker. Hitlers Tischgesprache im Fuhrerhauptquartier. Bonn, 1951, S. 72)].

B) The second means, even more effective than the measures indicated in paragraph "A", is the weakening of the Russian people in racial terms. The Germanization of all Russians is impossible and undesirable for us from a racial point of view. What, however, can and should be done is to separate the Nordic groups of the population existing in the Russian people and carry out their gradual Germanization ...

It is important that the majority of the population on Russian territory consists of people of a primitive semi-European type. It will not cause much concern to the German leadership. This mass of racially inferior, stupid people needs, as evidenced by the centuries of history in these areas, leadership. If the German leadership manages to prevent rapprochement with the Russian population and prevent the influence of German blood on the Russian people through extramarital affairs, then it is quite possible to maintain German dominance in this area, provided that we can overcome such a biological danger as the monstrous ability of these primitive people to reproduce. .

C) There are many ways to undermine the biological strength of the people ... The goal of German policy towards the population on Russian territory will be to bring the birth rate of Russians to a lower level than that of the Germans. The same applies, by the way, to the extremely prolific peoples of the Caucasus, and in the future, partly to Ukraine. So far, we are interested in increasing the Ukrainian population as opposed to the Russians. But this should not lead to the fact that Ukrainians will eventually take the place of Russians.

In order to avoid an increase in population in the eastern regions, which is undesirable for us, it is urgently necessary to avoid in the East all the measures that we used to increase the birth rate in the empire. In these areas, we must consciously pursue a policy of population reduction. By means of propaganda, especially through the press, radio, cinema, leaflets, brief pamphlets, reports, etc., we must constantly instill in the population the idea that it is harmful to have many children.

It is necessary to show how much money the upbringing of children costs and what could be purchased with these funds. It is necessary to talk about the great danger to the health of a woman, which she is exposed to when giving birth to children, etc. Along with this, the widest propaganda of contraceptives should be launched. It is necessary to establish a wide production of these funds. The distribution of these drugs and abortion should not be restricted in any way. Every effort should be made to expand the network of abortion clinics. It is possible, for example, to organize special retraining of midwives and paramedics and teach them how to perform abortions. The better abortions are performed, the more confidence the population will have in them. Understandably, doctors also need to have permission to perform abortions. And this should not be considered a violation of medical ethics.

Voluntary sterilization should also be promoted, fights to reduce infant mortality should not be allowed, mothers should not be taught how to care for their babies and preventive measures against childhood diseases. The training of Russian doctors in these specialties should be reduced to a minimum, and no support should be given to kindergartens and other similar institutions. Apart from these measures in the field of health, there should be no obstacles to divorce. Assistance should not be given to illegitimate children. No tax privileges should be allowed for large families, no financial assistance should be provided to them in the form of wage supplements ...

It is important for us Germans to weaken the Russian people to such an extent that they will no longer be able to prevent us from establishing German domination in Europe. We can achieve this goal in the above ways ...

D) To the question of the Czechs. According to current views, most of the Czechs, since they do not cause fear in racial terms, are subject to Germanization. Germanization is subject to about 50 percent of the entire Czech population. Based on this figure, there will still be 3.5 million Czechs not intended for Germanization, who should be gradually removed from the territory of the empire ...

Consideration should be given to resettling these Czechs in Siberia, where they will dissolve among the Siberians and thereby further alienate the Siberians from the Russian people...

The problems discussed above are enormous in scope. But it would be very dangerous to refuse to solve them, declaring them unrealizable or fantastic. The future German policy toward the East will show whether we are truly determined to secure a solid foundation for the continued existence of a third empire. If the third empire is to last for thousands of years, then our plans must be designed for generations. And this means that the racial-biological idea must be of decisive importance in future German politics. Only then can we secure the future of our people.

Dr. Wetzel"

"Vierteljahreshefte fur Zeitgeschichie", 1958, No. 3.

Plan "Ost" About the Nazi program of extermination of entire peoples

About the Nazi program of extermination of entire peoples

Alexander Pronin

A truly cannibal document of Nazi Germany was the master plan "Ost" - a plan for the enslavement and destruction of the peoples of the USSR, the Jewish and Slavic population of the conquered territories.

The idea of ​​​​how the Nazi elite saw the conduct of a war of annihilation can already be drawn from Hitler’s speeches to the highest command staff of the Wehrmacht on January 9, March 17 and March 30, 1941. The Fuhrer stated that the war against the USSR would be “the complete opposite of normal war in the West and North of Europe”, it provides for “total destruction”, “destruction of Russia as a state”. Trying to bring an ideological base under these criminal plans, Hitler announced that the upcoming war against the USSR would be a "struggle of two ideologies" with the "use of the most brutal violence", that in this war not only the Red Army, but also the "control mechanism" of the USSR would be defeated, " destroy the commissars and the communist intelligentsia”, functionaries and in this way destroy the “ideological ties” of the Russian people.

On April 28, 1941, Brauchitsch issued a special order "Procedure for the use of the security police and the SD in the formations of the ground forces." According to him, the responsibility for future crimes in the occupied territory of the USSR was removed from the soldiers and officers of the Wehrmacht. They were ordered to be ruthless, to shoot on the spot, without trial or investigation, anyone who would show even the slightest resistance or show sympathy for the partisans.

Citizens were destined either for exile to Siberia without a livelihood, or the fate of the slaves of the Aryan masters. The rationale for these goals was the racist views of the Nazi leadership, contempt for the Slavs and other “subhuman” peoples, which prevent them from ensuring the “existence and reproduction of the superior race”, allegedly due to its catastrophic lack of “living space”.

The "racial theory" and the "theory of living space" originated in Germany long before the Nazis came to power, but only under them did they acquire the status of a state ideology that embraced broad sections of the population.

The war against the USSR was considered by the Nazi elite primarily as a war against the Slavic peoples. In a conversation with the President of the Danzig Senate, H. Rauschning, Hitler explained: “One of the main tasks of the German state government is to forever prevent the development of the Slavic races by all possible means. The natural instincts of all living beings tell us not only to defeat our enemies, but also to destroy them.” Other bosses of Nazi Germany adhered to a similar attitude, first of all, one of Hitler's closest accomplices, Reichsfuehrer SS G. Himmler, who on October 7, 1939 simultaneously took the post of "Reich Commissioner for Strengthening the German Race." Hitler instructed him to deal with the "return" of the Imperial Germans and Volksdeutsche from other countries and the creation of new settlements as the German "living space in the East" expanded during the war. Himmler played a leading role in deciding the future that the population in Soviet territory up to the Urals would have to expect after the victory of Germany.

Hitler, who throughout his political career advocated the dismemberment of the USSR, on July 16, at a meeting at his headquarters with the participation of Goering, Rosenberg, Lammers, Bormann and Keitel, defined the tasks of National Socialist policy in Russia: “The basic principle is so that this pie is divided in the most convenient way, so that we can: firstly, own it, secondly, manage it, and, thirdly, exploit it. At the same meeting, Hitler announced that after the defeat of the USSR, the territory of the Third Reich should be expanded in the east, at least to the Urals. He declared: "The entire Baltic should become an area of ​​the empire, the Crimea with adjacent regions, the Volga regions should become an area of ​​the empire in the same way as the Baku region."

At a meeting of the high command of the Wehrmacht on July 31, 1940, devoted to preparing an attack on the USSR, Hitler again declared: "Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic states - to us." The north-western regions of Russia, up to Arkhangelsk, he was going to then transfer to Finland.

On May 25, 1940, Himmler prepared and presented to Hitler his "Some considerations on the treatment of the local population of the eastern regions." He wrote: "We are highly interested in in no way uniting the peoples of the eastern regions, but, on the contrary, breaking them up into the smallest possible branches and groups."

A secret document initiated by Himmler called the Ost master plan was presented to him on 15 July. The plan envisaged within 25-30 years to destroy and deport 80-85% of the population from Poland, 85% from Lithuania, 65% from Western Ukraine, 75% from Belarus and 50% each from Latvia, Estonia and the Czech Republic.

45 million people lived in the area subject to German colonization. At least 31 million of those who would be declared “unwanted on racial grounds” were supposed to be evicted to Siberia, and immediately after the defeat of the USSR, up to 840 thousand Germans were to be resettled in the liberated territories. Over the next two to three decades, two more waves of settlers were planned, numbering 1.1 and 2.6 million people. In September 1941, Hitler declared that in the Soviet lands, which should become "provinces of the Reich", it is necessary to pursue a "planned racial policy", sending there and allocating lands not only to Germans, but also "Norwegians related to them in language and blood , Swedes, Danes and Dutch. “When settling the Russian space,” he said, “we must provide the imperial peasants with unusually luxurious housing. German institutions should be located in magnificent buildings - governor's palaces. Everything necessary for the life of the Germans will be grown around them. Around the cities within a radius of 30-40 km, German villages, striking in their beauty, will be spread, connected by the best roads. There is no other world in which the Russians will be allowed to live as they please. But on one condition: we will be masters. In the event of a rebellion, it will be enough for us to drop a couple of bombs on their cities, and the job is done. And once a year we will lead a group of Kyrgyz through the capital of the Reich, so that they would be imbued with the consciousness of the power and grandeur of its architectural monuments. The Eastern spaces will become for us what India was for England. After the defeat near Moscow, Hitler consoled his interlocutors: “Losses will be restored in many times greater volume in the settlements for purebred Germans that I will create in the East ... The right to land, according to the eternal law of nature, belongs to the one who conquered it, based on the fact that the old borders hold back the growth of the population. And the fact that we have children who want to live justifies our claims to the newly conquered eastern territories. Continuing this thought, Hitler said: “In the East there is iron, coal, wheat, timber. We will build luxurious houses and roads, and those who grow up there will love their homeland and one day, like the Volga Germans, will forever link their fate with it.

The Nazis hatched special plans for the Russian people. One of the developers of the Ost master plan, Dr. E. Wetzel, referent for racial issues in the Eastern Ministry of Rosenberg, prepared a document for Himmler stating that "without the complete destruction" or weakening by any means of the "biological strength of the Russian people" to establish "German dominance in Europe" will not succeed.

“We are talking not only about the defeat of the state with its center in Moscow,” he wrote. - Achieving this historic goal would never mean a complete solution to the problem. The point is, most likely, to defeat the Russians as a people, to divide them.

Hitler's deep hostility to the Slavs is evidenced by the records of his table conversations, which from June 21, 1941 to July 1942, were conducted first by ministerial adviser G. Geim, and then by Dr. G. Picker; as well as notes on the goals and methods of the occupation policy on the territory of the USSR, made by the representative of the Eastern Ministry at Hitler’s headquarters, W. Koeppen, from September 6 to November 7, 1941. After Hitler’s trip to Ukraine in September 1941, Koeppen records conversations in the Headquarters: “In In Kyiv, a whole block burned down, but a fairly large number of people still live in the city. They make a very bad impression, outwardly resemble proletarians, and therefore their numbers should be reduced by 80-90%. The Fuhrer immediately supported the proposal of the Reichsfuehrer (G. Himmler) to confiscate the ancient Russian monastery located not far from Kyiv, so that it would not turn into a center for the revival of the Orthodox faith and the national spirit. Both Russians, Ukrainians, and Slavs in general, according to Hitler, belonged to a race unworthy of humane treatment and education costs.

After a conversation with Hitler on July 8, 1941, Colonel-General F. Halder, Chief of the General Staff of the Ground Forces, writes in his diary: “The Fuhrer’s decision to level Moscow and Leningrad to the ground is unshakable in order to completely get rid of the population of these cities, which otherwise we forced to feed during the winter. The task of destroying these cities must be carried out by aviation. Tanks should not be used for this. It will be a national disaster that will deprive not only Bolshevism of centers, but also Muscovites (Russians) in general. The conversation between Halder and Hitler, dedicated to the destruction of the population of Leningrad, Koeppen concretizes as follows: "The city will only need to be encircled, subjected to artillery fire and starved out ...".

Assessing the situation at the front, on October 9, Koeppen writes: “The Führer gave an order forbidding German soldiers to enter the territory of Moscow. The city will be surrounded and wiped off the face of the earth. The corresponding order was signed on October 7 and confirmed by the high command of the ground forces in the "Instruction on the procedure for the capture of Moscow and the treatment of its population" dated October 12, 1941.

The instruction emphasized that "it would be completely irresponsible to risk the lives of German soldiers to save Russian cities from fires or to feed their population at the expense of Germany." German troops were ordered to apply similar tactics to all Soviet cities, while it was explained that “the more the population of Soviet cities rushes into inner Russia, the more chaos will increase in Russia and the easier it will be to manage and use the occupied eastern regions. In an entry for October 17, Koeppen also notes that Hitler made it clear to the generals that after the victory he intended to save only a few Russian cities.

Trying to disunite the population of the occupied territories in the areas where Soviet power was formed only in 1939-1940. (Western Ukraine, Western Belarus, the Baltic States), the Nazis established close contacts with the nationalists.

To stimulate them, it was decided to allow " local government". However, the peoples of the Baltic States and Belarus were denied the restoration of their own statehood. When, following the entry of German troops into Lithuania, the nationalists, without the sanction of Berlin, created a government headed by Colonel K. Skirpa, the German leadership refused to recognize it, stating that the issue of forming a government in Vilna would be decided only after victory in the war. Berlin did not allow the idea of ​​restoring statehood in the Baltic republics and Belarus, resolutely rejecting the requests of "racially inferior" collaborators to create their own armed forces and other attributes of power. At the same time, the leadership of the Wehrmacht willingly used them to form volunteer foreign units, which, under the command of German officers, participated in hostilities against partisans and at the front. They also served as burgomasters, village elders, in auxiliary police units, etc.

In the Reichskommissariat "Ukraine", from which a significant part of the territory, included in Transnistria and the Governor-General in Poland, was cut off, any attempts by nationalists not only to revive statehood, but also to create "Ukrainian self-government in a politically expedient form" were cut off. ".

When preparing an attack on the USSR, the Nazi elite attached paramount importance to the development of plans for using the Soviet economic potential in the interests of ensuring the conquest of world domination. At a meeting with the command of the Wehrmacht on January 9, 1941, Hitler said that if Germany "gets into its hands the incalculable wealth of vast Russian territories", then "in the future it will be able to fight against any continents."

In March 1941, a paramilitary state-monopoly organization was created in Berlin to exploit the occupied territory of the USSR - the Headquarters of the economic leadership "Vostok". It was headed by two old comrades-in-arms of Hitler: Deputy G. Goering, Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Hermann Goering Concern, Secretary of State P. Kerner and Head of the Military Industry and Armament Department of the OKW, Lieutenant-General G. Thomas. In addition to the "leading group", which also dealt with the labor force, the headquarters included groups of industry, agriculture, organization of the work of enterprises and forestry. From the very beginning it was dominated by representatives of German concerns: Mansfeld, Krupp, Zeiss, Flick, I. G. Farben. On October 15, 1941, excluding economic teams in the Baltic states and relevant specialists in the army, the headquarters numbered about 10, and by the end of the year - 11 thousand people.

The plans of the German leadership for the operation of Soviet industry were outlined in the "Directives for the leadership in the newly occupied areas", which received the name "Green folder" by Goering due to the color of the binding.

The directives provided for the organization in the USSR of the extraction and export to Germany of those types of raw materials that were important for the functioning of the German military economy, and the restoration of a number of factories in order to repair Wehrmacht equipment and produce certain types of weapons.

Most of the Soviet enterprises producing peaceful products were planned to be destroyed. Goering and representatives of the military-industrial concerns showed particular interest in the capture of Soviet oil-bearing regions. In March 1941, an oil company called Continental A.G. was founded, chaired by E. Fischer from the IG Farben concern and K. Blessing, a former director of the Reichsbank.

The general instructions of the Vostok organization dated May 23, 1941 on economic policy in the field of agriculture stated that the goal of the military campaign against the USSR was "to supply the German armed forces, as well as to provide food for the German civilian population for many years." It was planned to achieve this goal by “reducing Russia's own consumption” by cutting off the supply of products from the southern black earth regions to the northern non-chernozem zone, including such industrial centers as Moscow and Leningrad. Those who prepared these instructions were well aware that this would lead to the starvation of millions of Soviet citizens. At one of the meetings of the Vostok headquarters, it was said: "If we manage to pump out everything that we need from the country, then tens of millions of people will be doomed to starvation."

The economic inspectorates operating in the operational rear of the German troops on the Eastern Front, economic departments in the rear of the armies, including technical battalions of mining and oil industry, parts engaged in the seizure of raw materials, agricultural products and tools of production. Economic teams were created in divisions, economic groups - in field commandant's offices. In the units expropriating raw materials and controlling the work of the captured enterprises, specialists from German concerns were advisers. Commissioner for scrap metal captain B.-G. Shu and the inspector general for the seizure of raw materials V. Witting were ordered to hand over the trophies to the military concerns Flick and I. G. Farben.

Germany's satellites also counted on rich booty for complicity in aggression.

The ruling elite of Romania, headed by dictator I. Antonescu, intended not only to return Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, which she had to cede to the USSR in the summer of 1940, but also to receive a significant part of the territory of Ukraine.

In Budapest, for participation in the attack on the USSR, they dreamed of getting the former Eastern Galicia, including the oil-bearing regions in Drogobych, as well as all of Transylvania.

In a keynote speech at a meeting of SS leaders on October 2, 1941, R. Heydrich, head of the Imperial Security Main Directorate, stated that after the war Europe would be divided into a “German great space”, where the German population would live - Germans, Dutch, Flemings, Norwegians, Danes and the Swedes, and to the "eastern space", which will become the raw material base for the German state and where the "German upper stratum" will use the conquered local population as "helots", that is, slaves. G. Himmler had a different opinion on this matter. He was not satisfied with the policy of Germanization of the population of the occupied territories pursued by Kaiser Germany. He considered the desire of the old authorities to force the conquered peoples to abandon only their native language, national culture, lead a German way of life and comply with German laws, as erroneous.

In the SS newspaper “Das Schwarze Kor” dated August 20, 1942, in the article “Should we Germanize?”, Himmler wrote: “Our task is not to Germanize the East in the old sense of the word, that is, to instill in the population the German language and German laws but to ensure that people of only truly German, German blood live in the East.

The achievement of this goal was served by the mass destruction of the civilian population and prisoners of war, which took place from the very beginning of the invasion of German troops into the territory of the USSR. Simultaneously with the Barbarossa plan, the OKH order of April 28, 1941, "Procedure for the use of the security police and SD in the formations of the ground forces," came into effect. In accordance with this order, the main role in the mass extermination of communists, Komsomol members, deputies of regional, city, district and village councils, Soviet intelligentsia and Jews in the occupied territory was played by four punitive units, the so-called Einsatzgruppen, designated by letters of the Latin alphabet A, B, C, D. Einsatzgruppe A was attached to Army Group North and operated in the Baltic republics (led by SS Brigdeführer W. Stahlecker). Einsatzgruppe B in Belarus (headed by the head of the 5th Directorate of the RSHA, SS Gruppenführer A. Nebe) was attached to Army Group Center. Einsatzgruppe C (Ukraine, chief - SS Brigadeführer O. Rush, inspector of the Security Police and SD in Koenigsberg) "served" Army Group South. Einsatzgruppe D, attached to the llth army, operated in the southern part of Ukraine and in the Crimea. It was commanded by O. Ohlendorf, head of the 3rd Directorate of the RSHA (internal security service) and at the same time the chief affairs officer of the Imperial Group for Trade. In addition, in the operational rear of the German formations advancing on Moscow, there was a punitive team "Moscow" headed by SS Brigadeführer F.-A. Ziks, head of the 7th department of the RSHA (ideological research and their use). Each Einsatzgruppe consisted of 800 to 1200 personnel (SS, SD, criminal police, Gestapo and order police) under the jurisdiction of the SS. Following on the heels of the advancing German troops, by mid-November 1941, the Einsatzgrupps of the armies "North", "Center" and "South" exterminated more than 300 thousand civilians in the Baltic States, Belarus and Ukraine. They were engaged in mass killings and robbery until the end of 1942. According to the most conservative estimates, they accounted for over a million victims. Then the Einsatzgruppen were formally liquidated, becoming part of the rear troops.

In development of the “Order on Commissars”, on July 16, 1941, the Wehrmacht High Command concluded an agreement with the Imperial Security Main Directorate, according to which special teams of the Security Police and the SD under the auspices of the head of the 4th Main Directorate of the Secret State Police (Gestapo) G Muller were obliged to identify politically and racially "unacceptable" "elements" among Soviet prisoners of war delivered from the front to stationary camps.

Not only party workers of all ranks were recognized as "unacceptable", but also "all representatives of the intelligentsia, all fanatical communists and all Jews."

It was emphasized that the use of weapons against Soviet prisoners of war is considered "generally legal." A similar phrase meant official permission to kill. In May 1942, the OKW was forced to cancel this order at the request of some high-ranking front-line soldiers, who reported that the publication of the facts of the execution of the Litruks led to a sharp increase in the rebuff force on the part of the Red Army. Henceforth, political officers began to be destroyed not immediately after the capture, but in the Mauthausen concentration camp.

After the defeat of the USSR, it was planned "within the shortest possible time" to create and populate three imperial districts: the district of Ingermanland (Leningradskaya, Pskov and Novgorod regions), the Gotsky district (Crimea and Kherson region) and the district of Memel-Narev (Bialystok region and Western Lithuania). To ensure communication between Germany and the Ingermanland and Gotha districts, it was planned to build two highways, each with a length of up to 2 thousand km. One would reach Leningrad, the other - to the Crimean peninsula. To secure the highways, it was planned to create 36 paramilitary German settlements (strongholds) along them: 14 in Poland, 8 in Ukraine and 14 in the Baltic states. It was proposed to declare the entire territory in the East, which would be captured by the Wehrmacht, state property, transferring power over it to the SS control apparatus headed by Himmler, who would personally resolve issues related to granting German settlers rights to own land. According to Nazi scientists, it would take 25 years and up to 66.6 billion Reichsmarks to build highways, accommodate 4.85 million Germans in three districts and equip them.

Having approved this project in principle, Himmler demanded that it provide for "total Germanization of Estonia, Latvia and the General Government": their settlement by Germans for about 20 years. In September 1942, when German troops reached Stalingrad and the foothills of the Caucasus, at a meeting with the commanders of SS units in Zhytomyr, Himmler announced that the network of German strongholds (military settlements) would be expanded to the Don and Volga.

The second "General Plan of Settlements", taking into account Himmler's wishes to finalize the April version, was ready on December 23, 1942. The main directions of colonization in it were named northern (East Prussia - Baltic countries) and southern (Krakow - Lvov - Black Sea region). It was assumed that the territory of the German settlements would be equal to 700 thousand square meters. km, of which 350 thousand are arable land (the entire territory of the Reich in 1938 was less than 600 thousand sq. km).

The "General Plan Ost" provided for the physical extermination of the entire Jewish population of Europe, the massacres of Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Bulgarians, Hungarians, the physical destruction of 25-30 million Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians.

L. Bezymensky, calling the plan “Ost” a “cannibal document”, “a plan for the elimination of the Slavs in Russia”, argued: “You should not be deceived by the term“ eviction ”: it was a designation familiar to the Nazis for killing people.”

The "General Plan Ost" belongs to history - the history of the forced resettlement of individuals and entire nations, - was said in the report of the modern German researcher Dietrich Achholz at a joint meeting of the Rosa Luxembourg Foundation and the Christian Peace Conference "Munich Accords - General Plan Ost - Benes Decrees. Causes of Flight and Forced Resettlement in Eastern Europe” in Berlin on May 15, 2004 - This story is as old as the history of mankind itself. But Plan Ost opened up a new dimension of fear. It was a carefully planned genocide of races and peoples, and this is in the industrialized era of the middle of the 20th century! This is not about the struggle for pastures and hunting grounds, for cattle and women, as in ancient times. Under the cover of a misanthropic, atavistic racial ideology, the Ost master plan was about profit for big capital, fertile land for large landowners, prosperous peasants and generals, and profit for countless petty Nazi criminals and slurps. “The killers themselves, who, as part of the SS operational groups, in countless units of the Wehrmacht and in key positions of the occupation bureaucracy, brought death and fires to the occupied territories, only a small part of them were punished for their deeds,” D. Achholz stated. “Tens of thousands of them “dissolved” and could, some time later, after the war, lead a “normal” lifestyle in West Germany or somewhere else, for the most part avoiding persecution or at least censure.”

As an example, the researcher cited the fate of the leading SS scientist and expert Himmler, who developed the most important versions of the Ost master plan. He stood out among those dozens, even hundreds of scientists - Earth explorers of various specializations, territorial and population planners, racial ideologues and eugenicists, ethnologists and anthropologists, biologists and physicians, economists and historians - who supplied data to the killers of entire nations for their bloody work. “Just this “general plan Ost” dated May 28, 1942 was one of the high-class products of such killers at desks,” the speaker notes. It really was, as the Czech historian Miroslav Karny wrote, a plan "in which scholarship, advanced technical methods of scientific work, inventiveness and vanity of the leading scientists of fascist Germany were invested", a plan "which turned the criminal phantasmagoria of Hitler and Himmler into a fully developed system, thought out down to the smallest detail, calculated to the last mark.

The author responsible for this plan, professor in tenure and head of the Institute of Agronomy and Agrarian Policy at the University of Berlin, Konrad Meyer, called Meyer-Hetling, was an exemplary specimen of such a scientist. Himmler made him the head of the "main headquarters service for planning and land holdings" in his "Imperial Commissariat for Strengthening the Spirit of the German Nation" and first as a Standarten, and later as Oberfuehrer of the SS (corresponding to the rank of colonel). In addition, as the leading land planner in the Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture, recognized by the Reichsführer for Agriculture and the Ministry of the Occupied Eastern Regions, in 1942 Meyer was promoted to the position of chief planner for the development of all areas subject to Germany.

Meyer, from the beginning of the war, knew in full detail about all the planned abominations; moreover, he himself composed decisive conclusions and plans for this. In the annexed Polish regions, as he officially announced already in 1940, it was assumed “that the entire Jewish population of this region numbering 560 thousand people had already been evacuated and, accordingly, would leave the region during this winter” (that is, they would be imprisoned in concentration camps, where subject to planned destruction).

In order to populate the annexed regions with at least 4.5 million Germans (until now 1.1 million people permanently lived there), it was necessary to “expel further 3.4 million Poles train by train.”

Meyer died peacefully in 1973 at the age of 72 as a retired West German professor. The scandal around this Nazi assassin began after the war with his participation in the Nuremberg trials of war criminals. He was indicted along with other SS officials in the case of the so-called General Directorate of Race and Resettlement, sentenced by a United States court to a minor sentence only for membership in the SS, and released in 1948. Although in the verdict the American judges agreed that he, as the highest SS officer and a person who worked closely with Himmler, should have “knew” about the criminal activities of the SS, they confirmed that “nothing aggravating” according to the “master plan Ost” to him it cannot be shown that he “did not know anything about evacuations and other radical measures”, and that this plan was “never put into practice” anyway. “The representative of the prosecution really could not then present indisputable evidence, since the sources, especially the “master plan” from 1942, had not yet been discovered,” D. Akhholz notes bitterly.

And the court already then made decisions in the spirit of the Cold War, which meant the release of “honest” Nazi criminals and likely future allies, and did not at all think about bringing Polish and Soviet experts as witnesses.”

As for the extent to which the master plan "Ost" was implemented or not, the example of Belarus clearly shows. The Extraordinary State Commission for the Investigation of the Crimes of the Invaders determined that only the direct losses of this republic during the war years amounted to 75 billion rubles. in 1941 prices. The most painful and difficult loss for Belarus was the destruction of over 2.2 million people. Hundreds of villages and villages were empty, the number of urban population sharply decreased. By the time of liberation, less than 40% of the inhabitants remained in Minsk, only 35% of the urban population in the Mogilev region, 29% in the Polesie region, 27% in the Vitebsk region, and 18% in the Gomel region. The invaders burned and destroyed 209 out of 270 cities and district centers, 9,200 villages and hamlets. 100,465 enterprises were destroyed, more than 6 thousand km railway, 10 thousand collective farms, 92 state farms and MTS were plundered, 420,996 houses of collective farmers were destroyed, almost all power plants. 90% of machine and technical equipment, about 96% of energy capacities, about 18.5 thousand cars, more than 9 thousand tractors and tractors, thousands of cubic meters of wood, lumber were exported to Germany, hundreds of hectares of forests, gardens, etc. were cut down. By the summer of 1944, only 39% of the pre-war number of horses, 31% of cattle, 11% of pigs, 22% of sheep and goats remained in Belarus. The enemy destroyed thousands of institutions of education, health care, science and culture, including 8825 schools, the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR, 219 libraries, 5425 museums, theaters and clubs, 2187 hospitals and outpatient clinics, 2651 children's institutions.

Thus, the cannibalistic plan for the extermination of millions of people, the destruction of all the material and spiritual potential of the conquered Slavic states, which in fact was the general plan "Ost", was carried out by the Nazis consistently and stubbornly. And the more majestic, grandiose is the immortal feat of the fighters and commanders of the Red Army, partisans and underground fighters, who did not spare their lives for the sake of ridding Europe and the world of the brown plague.

General plan "Ost"(German Generalplan Ost) - a secret plan of the German government of the Third Reich to carry out ethnic cleansing in Eastern Europe and its German colonization after the victory over the USSR.

A version of the plan was developed in 1941 by the Main Directorate of Imperial Security and presented on May 28, 1942 by an employee of the Office of the Headquarters of the Imperial Commissioner for the Consolidation of the German People, SS Oberführer Meyer-Hetling under the name "General Plan Ost - the basis of the legal, economic and territorial structure of the East." The text of this document was found in the German Federal Archives in the late 1980s, some documents from there were presented at an exhibition in 1991, but it was completely digitized and published only in November-December 2009.

At the Nuremberg trials, the only evidence for the existence of the plan was the “Remarks and proposals of the “Eastern Ministry” on the general plan“ Ost ”, according to prosecutors, written on April 27, 1942 by an employee of the Ministry of Eastern Territories E. Wetzel after reading the draft plan prepared by the RSHA.

Rosenberg project

The master plan was preceded by a project developed by the Reichsministry of the Occupied Territories, which was headed by Alfred Rosenberg. On May 9, 1941, Rosenberg submitted to the Fuhrer a draft policy directive on the territories to be occupied as a result of the aggression against the USSR.

Rosenberg proposed the creation of five governorships on the territory of the USSR. Hitler opposed the autonomy of Ukraine and replaced the term “governorship” with “Reich Commissariat” for it. As a result, Rosenberg's ideas took the following forms of embodiment.

• Ostland - was to include Belarus, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Ostland, where, according to Rosenberg, lived a population with Aryan blood, was subject to complete Germanization within two generations.
• Ukraine - would include the territory of the former Ukrainian SSR, Crimea, a number of territories along the Don and Volga, as well as the lands of the abolished Soviet Autonomous Republic of the Volga Germans. According to Rosenberg's idea, the governorate was to receive autonomy and become the backbone of the Third Reich in the East.
• Caucasus - would include the republics of the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia and would separate Russia from the Black Sea.
• Muscovy - Russia to the Urals.
• Turkestan was to become the fifth governorate.

The success of the German campaign in the summer-autumn of 1941 led to a revision and toughening of the German plans for the eastern lands, and as a result, the Ost plan was born.

Description of the plan

According to some reports, the "Plan" Ost "" was divided into two - "Small Plan" (German. Kleine Planung) and "Big Plan" (German. Grosse Planung). The small plan was to be carried out during the war. The German government wanted to focus on the Grand Plan after the war. The plan provided for a different percentage of Germanization for various conquered Slavic and other peoples. "Non-Germanized" were to be deported to Western Siberia or subjected to physical destruction. The execution of the plan was to ensure that the conquered territories would acquire an irrevocably German character.

Wetzel's remarks and suggestions

Among historians, a document known as "Remarks and proposals of the Eastern Ministry on the general plan" Ost "" has been circulated. The text of this document has often been presented as Plan Ost itself, although it bears little resemblance to the text of the Plan published at the end of 2009.

Wetzel assumed the expulsion of tens of millions of Slavs beyond the Urals. The Poles, according to Wetzel, "were the most hostile to the Germans, the largest and therefore the most dangerous people."

"Generalplan Ost", as it should be understood, also meant the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" (German. Endlösung der Judenfrage), according to which the Jews were subject to total destruction:

In the Baltics, the Latvians were considered more suitable for "Germanization", while the Lithuanians and Latgalians were not, as there were too many "Slavic admixtures" among them. According to Wetzel's proposals, the Russian people had to be subjected to measures such as assimilation ("Germanization") and reduction in numbers through a reduction in the birth rate - such actions are defined as genocide.

Developed variants of the "Ost" plan

The following documents were developed by the planning team Gr. lll B planned service of the Main Staff Directorate of the Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of the German People Heinrich Himmler (Reichskommissar für die Festigung Deutschen Volkstums (RKFDV) and the Institute of Agrarian Policy of the Friedrich-Wilhelm University of Berlin:

• Document 1: Fundamentals of Planning, created in February 1940 by the planning service of the RKFDV (volume: 21 pages). Contents: Description of the extent of the planned eastern colonization in West Prussia and Wartheland. The colonization area was to be 87,600 km², of which 59,000 km² was agricultural land. About 100,000 settlement farms of 29 hectares each were to be created on this territory. It was planned to resettle in this territory about 4.3 million Germans; of these, 3.15 million in rural areas and 1.15 million in cities. At the same time, 560,000 Jews (100% of the population of the region of this nationality) and 3.4 million Poles (44% of the population of the region of this nationality) were to be gradually eliminated. The costs of implementing these plans have not been estimated.

• Document 2: Materials for the report "Colonization", developed in December 1940 by the planning service of the RKFDV (volume 5 pages). Contents: Founding article to "Requirement of Territories for Forced Resettlement from the Old Reich" with a specific requirement for 130,000 km² of land for 480,000 new viable settlement farms of 25 hectares each, plus an additional 40% of the territory for forestry, for the needs of the army and reserve areas in Wartheland and Poland.

Documents created after the attack on the USSR on June 22, 1941

• Document 3 (disappeared, exact content unknown): "General Plan Ost", created in July 1941 by the planning service of the RKFDV. Contents: Description of the extent of the planned eastern colonization in the USSR, with the boundaries of specific areas of colonization.

• Document 4 (disappeared, exact contents unknown): "General plan Ost", created in December 1941 by the planning group Gr. lll B RSHA. Contents: Description of the scale of the planned eastern colonization in the USSR and the Governor-General with the specific boundaries of individual areas of settlement.

• Document 5: "General Plan Ost", created in May 1942 by the Institute for Agriculture and Politics of the Friedrich Wilhelm University of Berlin (volume 68 pages).

Contents: Description of the scale of the planned eastern colonization in the USSR with the specific boundaries of individual areas of settlement. The area of ​​colonization was to cover 364,231 km², including 36 strongholds and three administrative districts in the region of Leningrad, the Kherson-Crimean region and in the region of Bialystok. At the same time, settlement farms with an area of ​​40-100 hectares, as well as large agricultural enterprises with an area of ​​at least 250 hectares, were supposed to appear. The required number of migrants was estimated at 5.65 million. The areas planned for settlement were to be cleared of approximately 25 million people. The cost of implementing the plan was estimated at 66.6 billion Reichsmarks.

• Document 6: "Master Plan of Colonization" (German. Generalsiedlungsplan), created in September 1942 by the planning service of the RKF (volume: 200 pages, including 25 maps and tables).

Content: Description of the scale of the planned colonization of all areas provided for this with specific boundaries of individual areas of settlement. The region was to cover an area of ​​330,000 km² with 360,100 farms. The required number of migrants was estimated at 12.21 million people (of which 2.859 million were peasants and those employed in forestry). The area planned for settlement was to be cleared of approximately 30.8 million people. The cost of implementing the plan was estimated at 144 billion Reichsmarks.