Russian refineries: main plants and enterprises. The largest refineries Oil refineries of the Russian Federation directory
The locations of the largest oil refineries in the world in 2007 are shown in Fig. 1. The largest capacity (47 million tons/year) has a refinery in Venezuela (Paraguana Refining Center, Cardon / Judibana, Falcon state), and similar in capacity to it are located in the Asia-Pacific Region (South Korea, Japan), the Middle East (India, Saudi Arabia) and North America.
Figure 1. The largest refineries in the world in 2007.
In 2009, the picture did not fundamentally change, as shown in Table 6. There were changes in the capacities of some refineries (for example, an increase in capacity at the refinery in Ulsan from 35 to 40.9 million tons / year, in Ras Tannur from 26 to 27.5 million tons / year), a new “giant” appeared in India. Reliance Industries in Jamnagar commissioned the second stage of the refinery with a capacity of 29 million tons / year, given that the first stage of the plant already had a capacity of 33 million tons / year, this refinery (62 million tons / year) can be considered the largest in the world .
Table 6
Largest refineries in the world (2009)
|
Company |
Location |
Performance for crude oil |
|
|
mln t/year |
thousand barrels/day |
||
|
Paraguana Refining Center |
|||
|
Ulsan, South Korea |
|||
|
Yeosu, South Korea |
|||
|
Reliance Industries |
Jamnagar, India |
||
|
ExxonMobil Refining & Supply |
|||
|
ExxonMobil Refining & Supply |
Baytown, Texas, USA |
||
|
Formosa Petrochemical |
Mailiao, Taiwan |
||
|
Onsan, South Korea |
|||
|
ExxonMobil Refining & Supply |
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA |
||
|
Santa Cruz, Virgin Islands |
The data presented in Table 7 shows the location of the world's largest refineries in 2012. Compared to 2009, the following changes are visible:
1. Increasing the capacity of the refinery in Ulsan (South Korea) from 40.9 to 42 million tons/year, in Yeosu (South Korea) from 34.0 to 38.8 million tons/year.
2. Commissioning of a plant in Onsan (South Korea) with a capacity of 33.4 million tons / year, which moved the first stage of the refinery in Jamnagar from 4th place.
3. Reduced capacity at large ExxonMobil Refining&Supply plants from 84 to 82.8 million tons per year.
These facts in once more emphasize the trend of territorial shift of capacities in the oil refining industry towards the Asia-Pacific region and the Middle East.
Table 7
The largest refineries in the world in 2012.
|
Company |
Location |
Performance for crude oil |
|
|
mln t/year |
thousand barrels/day |
||
|
Paraguana Refining Center |
Cardon/Judibana, Falcon State, Venezuela |
||
|
Ulsan, South Korea |
|||
|
Yeosu, South Korea |
|||
|
Onsan, South Korea |
|||
|
Reliance Industries |
Jamnagar, India |
||
|
ExxonMobil Refining & Supply |
Jurong/Pulau Ayer Chawan, Singapore |
||
|
Reliance Industries |
Jamnagar, India |
||
|
ExxonMobil Refining & Supply |
Baytown, Texas, USA |
||
|
Saudi Arabian Oil Co (Saudi Aramco) |
Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia |
||
|
Formosa Petrochemical |
Mailiao, Taiwan |
||
|
Marathon Petroleum |
Gariville, Louisiana, USA |
||
|
ExxonMobil Refining & Supply |
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA |
||
|
Santa Cruz, Virgin Islands |
|||
|
Kuwait National Petroleum |
Mena Al Ahmadi, Kuwait |
Rosneft Oil Company is No. 1 in Russia in terms of oil refining capacity and volumes.
The Company's activities in the field of oil refining in recent years have been aimed at meeting the market demand for high-quality petroleum products.
For a number of years, Rosneft has been consistently implementing a program to modernize its refineries, which has made it possible to expand the range, improve the quality of products and increase their competitiveness. This is the largest refining capacity modernization program in the Russian oil industry. In the course of the implementation of this program, from the end of 2015, a transition to 100% production of motor fuels of ecological class K5 for the domestic market of the Russian Federation was ensured, in accordance with the requirements technical regulation TR CU 013/2011. Since 2018, a number of the Company's refineries have organized the production of motor gasolines with improved environmental and performance properties AI-95-K5 "Euro-6", as well as AI-100-K5.
As part of the Company's Oil Refining Unit on the territory Russian Federation 13 large oil refineries operate: Komsomolsk Oil Refinery, Angarsk Petrochemical Company, Achinsk Oil Refinery, Tuapse refinery, Kuibyshev Refinery, Novokuibyshevsk Refinery, Syzran Refinery, Saratov Refinery, Ryazan Oil Refinery, PJSC ANK Bash-Neft Oil Refinery (Bashneft-Novoil, Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim, Bashneft-UNPZ), Yaroslavl Oil Refinery.
The total design capacity of the Company's main oil refineries in Russia is 118.4 million tons of oil per year. Rosneft also includes several mini-refineries, the largest of which is the Nizhne-Vartovsk oil refinery.
The share of PJSC NK Rosneft in oil refining in Russia is more than 35%. The volume of oil refining at the Russian refineries of the Company in 2018 amounted to more than 103 million tons, demonstrating an increase of 2.8% compared to 2017. The yield of light products and the depth of processing are 58.1% and 75.1%, respectively, and the production of motor gasolines and diesel fuel of ecological class K5 in 2018 increased by 2%.
The volume of refining at the Company's mini-refineries in the Russian Federation in 2018 amounted to 2 million tons.
PJSC NK Rosneft also owns shares in a number of refining assets abroad - in Germany, Belarus and India.
In Germany, the Company owns shares (from 24 to 54%) in three highly efficient refineries - MiRO, Bayernoil and PCK, and in Belarus indirectly owns 21% of the shares of OAO Mozyr Oil Refinery. The Company also owns a 49% stake in one of the largest high-tech refineries in India, Vadinar, which has a primary oil refining capacity of 20 million tons per year.
According to the results of 2018, the volume of oil refining at German refineries amounted to 11.5 million tons. The volume of crude oil refining by JSC Mozyr Oil Refinery in the share of PJSC NK Rosneft in 2018 amounted to 2.1 million tons.
LUKOIL has four refineries in Russia (in Perm, Volgograd, Nizhny Novgorod and Ukhta), three refineries in Europe (Italy, Romania, Bulgaria), and LUKOIL also owns a 45% stake in refineries in the Netherlands. The refinery's total capacity is 84.6 mmt, which is practically the same as the Company's oil production in 2018.
The Company's refineries have modern conversion and refining facilities and produce a wide range of high-quality petroleum products. Russian factories on technological level capacities and efficiency indicators exceed the average Russian level, and the European plants of the Company are not inferior to competitors and are located near key sales markets.
Oil refining at own refineries in 2018
Modernization
The company completed a large-scale investment cycle in 2016 with the commissioning of the largest vacuum gas oil deep processing complex in Russia at the Volgograd Refinery.
The implementation of the program made it possible to increase the environmental class of produced motor fuels to Euro-5, as well as to significantly increase the share of high value-added petroleum products in the produced basket.
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude oil processing, mt | 66,570 | 64,489 | 66,061 | 67,240 | 67,316 |
| Output of petroleum products, mmt | 64,118 | 60,900 | 62,343 | 63,491 | 63,774 |
| Gasoline (straight-run and automotive), mmt | 13,940 | 14,645 | 16,494 | 17,372 | 16,783 |
| Diesel fuel, mmt | 21,496 | 21,430 | 22,668 | 25,628 | 25,834 |
| Aviation kerosene, mmt | 3,291 | 3,069 | 3,110 | 3,793 | 3,951 |
| Fuel oil and vacuum gas oil, mmt | 17,540 | 14,651 | 12,511 | 9,098 | 9,399 |
| Oils and components, mmt | 1,109 | 0,928 | 1,015 | 1,163 | 0,961 |
| Others, mmt | 6,742 | 6,177 | 6,545 | 6,437 | 6,846 |
| Yield of light, % | 59,8 | 62,6 | 66,5 | 71,3 | 70,5 |
| Depth of processing, % | 80,1 | 81,6 | 85,2 | 86,8 | 88,0 |
| Nelson index | 7,6 | 8,2 | 8,8 | 8,8 | 8,8 |
Russian refineries
Commissioning of new processing units in 2015–2016, optimization of secondary process loading and expansion of the raw material mix allowed to significantly improve the product mix and reduce the share of fuel oil and vacuum gas oil in favor of increasing the share of light oil products.
OIL REFINING AT REFINERS IN RUSSIA IN 2018
In 2018, work continued to increase the depth of processing through the use of alternative raw materials and additional loading of secondary processes, including through deepening inter-factory integration.
Volgograd Refinery
Located in the southern region of Russia
Processes a mixture of light West Siberian and Lower Volga oils
Oil is supplied to the refinery via the Samara-Tikhoretsk oil pipeline
Finished products are shipped by rail, river and by car
The main conversion processes are coking units (2 units with a capacity of 24.0 thousand barrels per day), hydrocracking units (with a capacity of 67.0 thousand barrels per day)
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capacity*, mln t/year | 11,3 | 14,5 | 14,5 | 14,5 | 14,5 |
| Nelson index | 6,1 | 5,4 | 6,9 | 6,9 | 6,9 |
| Processing of raw materials, mmt | 11,413 | 12,587 | 12,895 | 14,388 | 14,775 |
| Output of petroleum products, mmt | 10,932 | 12,037 | 12,413 | 13,825 | 14,263 |
* Excluding unused capacities (1.2 million tons since 2015).
Factory history
The plant was commissioned in 1957 and became part of LUKOIL in 1991. In the early 2000s a gasoline blending station and an oil discharge rack, diesel fuel hydrotreating units, straight-run gasoline stabilization and gas fractionation of saturated hydrocarbon gases were put into operation.
In 2004-2010 the first stage of the coke calcination unit, the isomerization unit, and the catalytic reforming unit were put into operation. The vacuum block of the AVT-6 unit was reconstructed and put into operation. The production of diesel fuel under the EKTO brand has begun.
In 2010-2014 modernization of diesel fuel hydrotreatment was completed, a hydrogen concentration unit, a delayed coking unit, a diesel fuel hydrotreatment unit, and the second line of the coke calcination unit were put into operation.
In 2015, the ELOU-AVT-1 primary oil refining unit was put into operation, which makes it possible to increase the refining efficiency and increase the oil refining capacity to 15.7 million tons per year.
In 2016, a complex for deep processing of vacuum gas oil was put into operation. The capacity of Russia's largest Vacuum Gas Oil Deep Processing Complex is 3.5 million tons per year. It was built in record time - 3 years. The complex also included installations for the production of hydrogen and sulfur, industrial facilities.
In 2017, the hydrocracking unit, built in 2016, was successfully brought to the design mode. This made it possible to significantly improve the refinery's oil product basket by replacing vacuum gas oil with high value-added products, primarily Euro-5 class diesel fuel.
In 2018, the Volgograd Refinery developed a technology for the production of low-sulfur dark marine fuel that meets the promising requirements of MARPOL.
Perm refinery
Oil refinery of fuel and oil and petrochemical profile
Located 9 km from the city of Perm
Processes a mixture of oils from fields in the north of the Perm region and Western Siberia
Oil is supplied to the refinery via the Surgut-Polotsk and Kholmogory-Klin oil pipelines
Finished products are shipped by rail, road and river transport, as well as via the Perm-Andreevka-Ufa oil product pipeline
The main conversion processes are T-Star hydrocracking units (65.2 thousand barrels per day), catalytic cracking (9.3 thousand barrels per day), coking units (56.0 thousand barrels per day)
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capacity, mln t/year | 13,1 | 13,1 | 13,1 | 13,1 | 13,1 |
| Nelson index | 8,1 | 9,4 | 9,4 | 9,4 | 9,4 |
| Processing of raw materials, mmt | 12,685 | 11,105 | 11,898 | 12,452 | 12,966 |
| Output of petroleum products, mmt | 12,430 | 10,333 | 11,008 | 11,543 | 12,042 |
Factory history
The plant was put into operation in 1958, and in 1991 it became part of LUKOIL. In the 1990s the plant implemented a program for the reconstruction of the coking unit, built a unit for vacuum distillation of fuel oil, created the production of oils, put into operation a unit for the utilization of hydrogen sulfide and the production of sulfuric acid.
In the 2000s a complex for deep oil refining, an isomerization unit were commissioned, the AVT units were reconstructed and the atmospheric unit of the AVT-4 unit was upgraded. In 2008, the refinery's capacity was increased to 12.6 million tons per year.
In 2011-2014 the capacity of the delayed coking unit was increased to 1 million tons per year, the diesel fuel hydrotreatment unit was modernized, and the technical re-equipment of the vacuum unit of the AVT-4 unit was completed.
In 2015, the Oil Residue Processing Complex was put into operation, which made it possible to switch to an oil-free scheme and increase the yield of light oil products, and the construction of a power unit with an installed capacity of 200 MW was also completed. In 2016, the reconstruction of the Diesel Fuel Hydrodearomatization Unit of the Hydrocracking Unit was completed.
In 2017, a fuel oil discharge rack with a capacity of up to 1 million tons per year was put into operation. The overpass increased inter-factory integration and made it possible to provide the oil residue processing complex and the bitumen production unit of the Perm Refinery with heavy oil feedstock from the Nizhny Novgorod Refinery.
In 2018, the Perm Refinery commissioned an infrastructure for receiving fuel oil, which made it possible to increase the load on delayed coker units and improve inter-factory optimization within the Group.
Nizhny Novgorod Refinery
Oil refinery fuel and oil profile
Located in Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod Region
Processes a mixture of oils from Western Siberia and Tatarstan
Oil is supplied to the refinery via the Almetyevsk-Nizhny Novgorod and Surgut-Polotsk oil pipelines
Finished products are shipped by rail, road and river transport, as well as by pipeline
The main conversion processes are a catalytic cracking unit (80.0 thousand barrels per day), a visbreaking unit (42.2 thousand barrels per day)
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capacity, mln t/year | 17,0 | 17,0 | 17,0 | 17,0 | 17,0 |
| Nelson index | 6,4 | 7,1 | 7,3 | 7,3 | 7,3 |
| Processing of raw materials, mmt | 17,021 | 15,108 | 15,423 | 15,484 | 14,989 |
| Output of petroleum products, mmt | 16,294 | 14,417 | 14,826 | 14,727 | 14,296 |
Factory history
The plant was commissioned in 1958 and became part of LUKOIL in 2001.
In the 2000s AVT-5 units and oil hydrotreating units were reconstructed. A catalytic reforming unit and a gasoline isomerization unit were put into operation, and the AVT-6 atmospheric unit was upgraded. The hydrotreating unit was reconstructed, which made it possible to start producing diesel fuel according to the Euro-5 standard. In 2008, a tar visbreaking unit with a capacity of 2.4 million tons/year was put into operation, which contributed to an increase in the output of vacuum gas oil and a decrease in the output of fuel oil. In 2010, a catalytic cracking complex for vacuum gas oil was put into operation, thanks to which the production of high-octane gasoline and diesel fuel was increased. The diesel fuel hydrotreating unit was reconstructed.
In 2011-2014 a hydrofluoric alkylation unit was put into operation, the reconstruction of AVT-5 was completed. In 2015, Catalytic Cracking Complex 2 and Vacuum Unit VT-2 were put into operation. In 2016, the commodity basket was expanded.
In 2017, the production of EKTO 100 premium gasoline with improved performance properties began. Also, a final investment decision was made on the construction of a delayed coking complex with a capacity of 2.1 million tons per year in terms of raw materials. The raw material for the complex will be heavy oil refining residues, and the main types of products will be diesel fuel, straight-run gasoline and gas fractions, as well as dark oil products - vacuum gas oil and coke. The construction of the complex and related optimization measures will increase the yield of light oil products at the Nizhny Novgorod Refinery by more than 10%. The increase in recycling capacity, along with optimization of the plant's load, will significantly reduce the output of fuel oil.
In 2018, the Nizhny Novgorod Refinery began construction of a delayed coking complex, signed EPC contracts with contractors, and began preparing the pile field and foundations for the complex’s facilities. The increase in recycling capacity, along with optimization of the plant's load, will reduce the production of fuel oil by 2.7 million tons per year.
Ukhta refinery
Located in the central part of the Komi Republic
Processes a mixture of oils from the fields of the Komi Republic
Oil is supplied to the refinery via the Usa-Ukhta oil pipeline
Main conversion processes - visbreaking unit (14.1 thousand barrels per day)
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capacity*, mln t/year | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,2 | 4,2 | 4,2 |
| Nelson index | 3,8 | 3,8 | 3,7 | 3,7 | 3,7 |
| Processing of raw materials, mmt | 3,993 | 3,386 | 2,853 | 2,311 | 1,899 |
| Output of petroleum products, mmt | 3,835 | 3,221 | 2,693 | 2,182 | 1,799 |
* Excluding unused capacity (2.0 mmt).
Factory history
The plant was commissioned in 1934 and became part of LUKOIL in 1999.
In the 2000s, the AT-1 unit was reconstructed, a unit for hydrodewaxing of diesel fuel, an overpass for draining oil and loading dark oil products were put into operation. The first stage of reconstruction of the catalytic reforming complex was completed, which increased the capacity of the process by 35,000 tons per year. A block was commissioned to increase the hydrogen concentration at the hydrodewaxing unit, the second stage of the oil and oil products loading and unloading complex was built, the catalytic reforming unit was re-equipped, and a tar visbreaking unit with a capacity of 800,000 tons per year was launched, which made it possible to increase the production of vacuum gas oil. In 2009, the construction of the isomerization unit was completed.
In 2012, the technical re-equipment of the reactor block of the GDS-850 diesel fuel hydrotreatment unit was completed. In 2013, the AVT plant was put into operation after reconstruction, and the capacity of the vacuum unit was increased to 2 million tons per year. The project for the construction of a gas condensate discharge unit was completed. In 2014-2015 the technical re-equipment of the enterprise continued.
mini refinery
European refineries
OIL REFINING AT EUROPEAN REFINERS IN 2018
Refinery in Ploiesti, Romania
Oil refinery fuel profile
Located in Ploiesti (in the central part of Romania), 55 km from Bucharest
Processes Urals oil (Russian export blend) and oil from Romanian fields
Oil is supplied to the refinery via an oil pipeline from the port of Constanta on the Black Sea. Romanian oil also comes by rail
Finished products are shipped by rail and road
The main conversion processes are the catalytic cracking unit (18.9 thousand barrels per day) and coking unit (12.5 thousand barrels per day)
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2048 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capacity, mln t/year | 2,7 | 2,7 | 2,7 | 2,7 | 2.7 |
| Nelson index | 10,0 | 10,0 | 10,0 | 10,0 | 10.0 |
| Processing of raw materials, mmt | 2,380 | 2,237 | 2,771 | 2,368 | 2,723 |
| 2,328 | 2,173 | 2,709 | 2,320 | 2,659 |
Factory history
The plant was commissioned in 1904 and became part of LUKOIL in 1999.
In the 2000s the production of AI-98 gasoline and low-sulphur diesel fuel was mastered. In the early 2000s installations for primary oil refining, hydrotreatment, reforming, coking, catalytic cracking, gas fractionation and isomerization were modernized; installations for catalytic cracking gasoline hydrotreatment and hydrogen production were built. In 2004 the plant was put into operation. Later, a unit for the production of MTBE/TAME additives was put into operation, a 25 MW turbine generator was launched, the reconstruction of units for hydrotreatment of diesel fuel, catalytic cracking, hydrotreatment of catalytically cracked gasoline and production of MTBE/TAME, as well as the vacuum unit of the AVT-1 unit, was completed. The construction of a hydrogen production unit was completed, which made it possible to produce fuels of the Euro-5 standard.
In 2010-2014 2 new coking chambers of the delayed coking unit were installed, the production of propylene with a sulfur content of less than 5 ppm was organized, the reconstruction of the amine block was completed, an improved control system was introduced at the AVT-3 unit, which makes it possible to increase the output marketable products. In 2013, projects were completed to increase the degree of recovery of C3+ from dry gas from catalytic cracking, and upgrade treatment facilities. Held overhaul the enterprise made a transition to an oil-free production scheme, increased the depth of processing and the yield of light oil products.
In 2015, a catalytic cracking flue gas cleaning unit was put into operation.
Oil refinery in Burgas, Bulgaria
Oil refinery of fuel and petrochemical profile
Located on the Black Sea coast, 15 km from Burgas
Processes oil of various grades (including Russian export grades), fuel oil
Oil is supplied to the refinery via a pipeline from the Rosenets oil terminal
Finished products are shipped by rail, sea and road transport, as well as through an oil product pipeline to the central regions of the country
The main conversion processes are a catalytic cracking unit (37.1 thousand barrels per day), a visbreaking unit (26.4 thousand barrels per day) and a tar hydrocracking unit (39.0 thousand barrels per day)
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capacity*, mln t/year | 7,0 | 7,0 | 7,0 | 7,0 | 7,0 |
| Nelson index | 8,9 | 13,0 | 13,0 | 13,0 | 13,0 |
| Processing of raw materials, mmt | 5,987 | 6,623 | 6,813 | 7,004 | 5,997 |
| Output of marketable products, mln t | 5,635 | 6,210 | 6,402 | 6,527 | 5,663 |
* Excluding unused capacities (2.8 mmt).
Strategy
Prospects for the development of Gazprom as one of the world's energy leaders are closely linked to the improvement of hydrocarbon processing. The company aims to increase the depth of processing and increase the volume of production of products with increased added value.
Processing capacities
The Gazprom Group's refining complex includes gas and gas condensate processing plants of PJSC Gazprom and oil refining facilities of PJSC Gazprom Neft. The Group also includes OOO Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat, one of the largest oil refining and petrochemical production complexes in Russia. Gazprom constantly modernizes existing and creates new processing enterprises. The Amur Gas Processing Plant (GPP) under construction will become one of the largest in the world.
Gas processing
Key capacities of the Gazprom Group for gas processing and petrochemicals as of December 31, 2018:
Astrakhan Gas Processing Plant (GPP);
Orenburg GPP;
Sosnogorsk GPP;
Yuzhno-Priobsky GPP (Gazprom Group's access to 50% of capacity);
Orenburg helium plant;
Tomsk methanol plant;
Plant "Monomer" LLC "Gazprom neftekhim Salavat";
Gas chemical plant LLC "Gazprom neftekhim Salavat";
Factory of mineral fertilizers Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat LLC.
In 2018, the Gazprom Group processed 30.1 billion cubic meters, excluding tolling raw materials. m of natural and associated gas.
Volumes of natural and associated gas processing in 2014-2018, bcm m (excluding customer-supplied raw materials)Oil and gas condensate processing
Key capacities of Gazprom Group for processing liquid hydrocarbon feedstock (oil, gas condensate, fuel oil) as of December 31, 2018:
Surgut Condensate Stabilization Plant. V. S. Chernomyrdin;
Urengoy plant for the preparation of condensate for transport;
Astrakhan GPP;
Orenburg GPP;
Sosnogorsk GPP;
Oil refinery (refinery) LLC "Gazprom neftekhim Salavat";
Moscow Refinery of the Gazprom Neft Group;
Omsk Refinery of the Gazprom Neft Group;
Yaroslavnefteorgsintez (Gazprom Group's access to 50% of its capacity through PJSC NGK Slavneft);
Mozyr Refinery, Republic of Belarus (up to 50% of the volume of oil supplied to the refinery, access by the Gazprom Group through PJSC NGK Slavneft);
Refineries of the Gazprom Neft Group in Pancevo and Novi Sad, Serbia.
The main refinery of the Gazprom Group is the Omsk Refinery, one of the most modern refineries in Russia and one of the largest in the world.
In 2018, the Gazprom Group processed 67.4 mmt of liquid hydrocarbons.
Volumes of oil and gas condensate refining, mmtProcessed products
Production of the main types of products of processing, gas and petrochemicals by the Gazprom Group (excluding raw materials tolling)| For the year ended 31 December | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
| Stable gas condensate and oil, thousand tons | 6410,8 | 7448,1 | 8216,4 | 8688,7 | 8234,3 |
| Dry gas, bcm m | 23,3 | 24,2 | 24,0 | 23,6 | 23,6 |
| LPG, thousand tons | 3371,1 | 3463,3 | 3525,4 | 3522,5 | 3614,3 |
| including abroad | 130,4 | 137,9 | 115,0 | 103,0 | 97,0 |
| Automobile gasoline, thousand tons | 12 067,9 | 12 395,2 | 12 270,0 | 11 675,6 | 12 044,9 |
| including abroad | 762,7 | 646,8 | 516,0 | 469,0 | 515,7 |
| Diesel fuel, thousand tons | 16 281,4 | 14 837,0 | 14 971,4 | 14 322,1 | 15 662,5 |
| including abroad | 1493,8 | 1470,1 | 1363,0 | 1299,0 | 1571,2 |
| Aviation fuel, thousand tons | 3161,9 | 3171,0 | 3213,2 | 3148,8 | 3553,3 |
| including abroad | 108,5 | 107,9 | 122,0 | 155,0 | 190,4 |
| Fuel oil, thousand tons | 9318,0 | 8371,4 | 7787,2 | 6585,9 | 6880,6 |
| including abroad | 717,8 | 450,6 | 334,0 | 318,0 | 253,7 |
| Marine fuel, thousand tons | 4139,0 | 4172,2 | 3177,2 | 3367,3 | 2952,0 |
| Bitumen, thousand tons | 1949,2 | 1883,8 | 2112,0 | 2662,1 | 3122,3 |
| including abroad | 262,2 | 333,0 | 335,0 | 553,3 | 600,3 |
| Oils, thousand tons | 374,3 | 404,1 | 421,0 | 480,0 | 487,2 |
| Sulfur, thousand tons | 4747,8 | 4793,8 | 4905,6 | 5013,6 | 5179,7 |
| including abroad | 15,6 | 17,8 | 22,0 | 24,0 | 23,0 |
| Helium, thousand cubic meters m | 3997,5 | 4969,7 | 5054,1 | 5102,2 | 5088,9 |
| NGL, thousand tons | 1534,7 | 1728,6 | 1807,0 | 1294,8 | 1465,5 |
| Ethane fraction, thousand tons | 373,8 | 377,4 | 377,9 | 363,0 | 347,3 |
| Monomers, thousand tons | 262,2 | 243,4 | 294,0 | 264,9 | 335,8 |
| Polymers, thousand tons | 161,8 | 157,9 | 179,1 | 154,3 | 185,6 |
| Products of organic synthesis, thousand tons | 83,5 | 90,4 | 89,6 | 44,7 | 71,3 |
| Mineral fertilizers and raw materials for them, thousand tons | 778,2 | 775,9 | 953,0 | 985,5 | 836,4 |
- The deepest well
The world record for drilling the longest well in the world belongs to Russian project"Sakhalin-1". In April 2015, the consortium members (Russian Rosneft, American ExxonMobil, Japanese Sodeco and Indian ONGC) drilled a deviated well with a depth of 13,500 m in the Chayvo field with a horizontal displacement of 12,033 m. The record for deepwater drilling belongs to the Indian ONGC: In January 2013, the company drilled an exploration well off the east coast of India at a depth of 3,165 m.The well drilled by Orlan is 2 kilometers deeper than the Mariana Trench. Photo: Rosneft
- The largest drilling platform
In this nomination, the Sakhalin-1 project again becomes the record holder: in June 2014, the Berkut platform was commissioned at the Arkutun-Dagi field. With a height of a 50-storey building (144 m) and weighing more than 200 thousand tons, it is able to withstand the onslaught of 20-meter waves, earthquakes up to 9 points on the Richter scale and temperatures down to -45 degrees Celsius with wind gusts up to 120 km per hour. The construction of Berkut cost the consortium $12 billion.
Berkut, the world's largest drilling platform worth $12 billion. Photo: ExxonMobil - The highest drilling platform The most notable "growth" among drilling platforms has been the deepwater oil platform Petronius (operated by Chevron and Marathon Oil Corporation). Its height is 609.9 m, of which only 75 m falls on the surface. The total weight of the structure is 43 thousand tons. The platform is operating 210 km off the coast of New Orleans at the Petronius field in the Gulf of Mexico.
- The deepest drilling platform
When Shell leased the Perdido block in the Gulf of Mexico, oil companies could develop deposits at depths of no more than 1,000 m. Then it seemed that the development of technology had reached its limit. Today, the Perdido platform sits at a depth of 2,450 m and is the deepest drilling and production platform in the world. Perdido is a true engineering marvel of its time. The fact is that at such extreme depths it is impossible to install the platform on supports. Plus, engineers had to take into account the difficult weather these latitudes: hurricanes, storms and strong currents. To solve the problem, a unique engineering solution was found: the topsides of the platform were fixed on a floating support, after which the entire structure was anchored with steel mooring cables on the ocean floor.
Perdido, not only one of the most beautiful, but also the deepest drilling site. Photo: Texas Charter Fleet
The largest oil tanker, and at the same time the largest sea vessel built in the 20th century, was the Seawise Giant. With a width of almost 69 meters, the supertanker was 458.5 meters long - 85 meters more than the height of the Federation Tower - the tallest building in Europe today. The Seawise Giant had a speed of up to 13 knots (about 21 km/h) and had a cargo capacity of almost 650,000 m3 of oil (4.1 million barrels). The super-tanker was launched in 1981 and during its almost 30-year history has changed several owners and names, and even crashed, having come under fire from the Iraqi Air Force during the First Gulf War. In 2010, the ship was forcibly washed ashore near the Indian city of Alang, where its hull was disposed of within a year. But one of the giant's 36-ton anchors has been preserved for history: it is now on display at the Maritime Museum in Hong Kong.
The longest oil pipeline in the world is "Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean" with a capacity of about 80 million tons of oil per year. Its length from Taishet to Kozmino Bay in Nakhodka Bay is 4857 km, and taking into account the branch from Skovorodino to Daqing (PRC), it is another 1023 km (i.e. 5880 km in total). The project was launched at the end of 2012. Its cost amounted to 624 billion rubles. Among the gas pipelines, the record for the length belongs to the Chinese West-East project. The total length of the gas pipeline is 8704 km (including one main line and 8 regional branches). The pipeline capacity is 30 billion cubic meters of gas per year, the project cost was about $22 billion.
The ESPO oil pipeline going beyond the horizon. Photo: Transneft
The record holder among deep-water pipelines is the Russian Nord Stream, which runs from the Russian Vyborg to the German Lubmin along the bottom of the Baltic Sea. This is both the deepest (maximum pipe depth of 210 m) and the longest route (1,124 km) among all underwater pipelines in the world. The throughput capacity of the pipeline is 55 billion cubic meters. m of gas per year (2 lines). The cost of the project, launched in 2012, amounted to 7.4 billion euros.
Laying the offshore section of the Nord Stream gas pipeline. Photo: Gazprom- The largest deposit
"King of Giants" is the second name of the largest and, perhaps, the most mysterious oil field in the world - Ghawar, located in Saudi Arabia. Its dimensions amaze even the most experienced geologists - 280 km by 30 km and elevate Gavar to the rank of the largest oil field in the world being developed. The field is wholly owned by the state and is managed by the state company Saudi Aramco. And therefore, very little is known about it: the actual current production figures are not disclosed by either the company or the government. All information about Gavar is mainly historical, collected from random technical publications and rumors. For example, in April 2010, Aramco Vice President Saad al-Treyki told the Saudi media that the field's resources are truly limitless: over 65 years of development, it has already produced more than 65 billion barrels of oil, and at the same time, the company estimates the remaining resources of the field at more than 100 billion barrels. According to experts from the International Energy Agency, this figure is more modest - 74 billion barrels. Among the gas giants, the title of leader belongs to the two-part North/South Pars field, located in the central part of the Persian Gulf in the territorial waters of Iran (South Pars) and Qatar (North). The total reserves of the deposit are estimated at 28 trillion. cube m of gas and 7 billion tons of oil.
The largest and one of the most mysterious deposits in the world. Graphics: Geo Science World - The largest refinery
The world's largest oil refinery is located in Jamnagar, India. Its capacity is almost 70 million tons per year (for comparison: the most large plant in Russia - the Kirishi refinery of Surgutneftegaz - three times less - only 22 million tons per year). The plant in Jamnagar covers an area of more than 3 thousand hectares and is surrounded by an impressive mango forest. By the way, this plantation of 100 thousand trees brings additional income to the plant: about 7 thousand tons of mangoes are sold from here every year. The Jamnagar Refinery is privately owned by Reliance Industries Limited, whose manager and owner, Mukesh Ambani, is India's richest man. Forbes magazine estimates his fortune at $ 21 billion and assigns 39th place in the list of the richest people in the world.
Jamangar's capacity is three times that of Russia's largest refinery. Photo: projehesap.com
77 million tons per year - this is how much LNG is produced at the industrial sites of Ras Laffan - a unique energy hub located in Qatar and the world's largest center for the production of liquefied natural gas. Ras Laffan was conceived as an industrial site for processing gas from the unique Severnoye field, located 80 km from the coast of Ras Laffan. The first capacities of the energy center were launched in 1996. Today, Ras Laffan is located on an area of 295 square meters. km (of which 56 sq. km is occupied by the port) and has 14 LNG production lines. Four of them (with a capacity of 7.8 million tons each) are the largest in the world. Among the "attractions" of the energy city are oil and gas refineries, power plants (including solar), oil and gas chemistry, as well as the world's largest plant for the production of synthetic liquid fuels - Pearl GTL (capacity 140,000 barrels per day).
The Pearl GTL plant (pictured) is only part of the Ras Laffan energy hub. Photo: Qatargas
The Petronius drilling rig is almost twice as high as the Federation Tower - 609 meters against 343 meters. A photo: primofish.com