Mine surveyors. Mine surveyor - a complex name for a difficult profession Mine surveyor what kind of profession
Mine surveying is one of the oldest branches of geodesy. It is believed that the beginning of this industry was laid along with the beginning of the centralized and mass construction of roads in antiquity, which included the laying of tunnels. But it took shape in more or less the form in which it has come down to our days, starting from the 16th century. This happened again thanks to the roads - this time the iron ones, which were equipped in the mines of the then Germany, and a little later became widespread in other countries.
From German language the term-name of the profession "mine surveyor" also occurred. This word was formed from two concepts: “border” and “separate”. And at first it meant the one who controlled the correctness of geodetic measurements during the construction of various structures underground. The mine surveying business, along with other innovations, came to Russia through the efforts of Peter I.
A modern mine surveyor is a fairly broad specialist. Construction underground requires more careful preparation, and the use of underground facilities requires special safety precautions. First of all, a surveyor, of course, is a surveyor. And his skills are appropriate: any such specialist can quite successfully work as a topographer and surveyor, both during land surveying and at a construction site. After all, the measurement methods do not change.
At the same time, the knowledge of a mine surveyor should be extended, due to the specifics of the profession, also to other areas. At a minimum, you will need good knowledge geology, which is taught to future mining engineers along with geodesy. Educational institutions graduate mine surveyors in two main areas: mining and transport, but in Russia the first is more in demand now. After all, a qualified surveyor is needed at all stages of the development of a deposit of any mineral resources - from geological exploration and construction to permanent operation. The daily work of a mining engineer is to set the direction of workings, determine the volume of production, its completeness and quality, as well as control pressure and rock movements. Thus, the work of a mine surveyor largely determines the work of the entire mine.
Transport mine surveyors provide geodetic support for a wide variety of tunneling projects, ranging from the small through passages in the hills that everyone is familiar with, to the underground and tunnels that run under canals and straits.
Of course, this profession is by no means an easy one. Here there are high requirements for qualifications, and physical activity, and considerable responsibility. Therefore, mine surveyors are usually those people who are still not afraid of the above combination. The salaries of these specialists are also usually quite high. And a good mine surveyor will certainly expect the respect of employees and the proud title of "underground navigator".
Markscheider) - a mining engineer or technician, a specialist in spatial and geometric measurements in the bowels of the earth and on the corresponding sections of its surface, followed by an image on plans, maps and sections during mining and geological exploration.mine surveying(from German: Markscheider - mine surveyor, from Mark - border and scheider - to separate) is a branch of mining science and technology, the subject of which is the study, based on field measurements and subsequent geometric constructions, of the structure of the deposit, the shape and size of the bodies of the mineral in the bowels, the placement they contain useful and harmful components, the properties of host rocks, the spatial arrangement of workings, the processes of deformation of rocks and the earth's surface in connection with mining, as well as a reflection of the dynamics production process mining enterprise. Works are carried out with the help of mine surveying devices. The data are synthesized in mining graphic documentation, which is drawings obtained by the method of geometric projection.
From the history
mine surveyor:
- rank IX class in the old table of ranks for officials of the mining department, abolished in 1834;
- in tsarist Russia: a government official who oversees the correctness and accuracy of geodetic measurements during mining (when setting the directions of connecting workings, measuring mine fields, delimiting the work of various owners, etc.); mostly as assistant district engineers. Mine surveyors were often also entrusted with the acquisition of land on the surface.
Education
Relationship with scientific disciplines
Mine surveying is a complex science that is closely related to many scientific disciplines: mathematical, physical and technical, astronomical and geodetic, geological and mineralogical and geological exploration, as well as to the technology of field development and construction.
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Synonyms:See what "Mine Surveyor" is in other dictionaries:
- (German: Merkscheider). Mining official 9th class; mining and mine tenant and surveyor. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910 Markscheider. Mining official 9th grade. Explanation of 25000… … Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
Mine surveyor, mine surveyor, husband. (German: Markscheider) (special). A person engaged in geodetic surveys of mining operations. Dictionary Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
- [de], ah, husband. Specialist in geodetic surveys of mining and subsoil exploitation. | adj. mine surveyor, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
mine surveying- a branch of mining science and technology, the subject of which is the study, on the basis of field measurements and subsequent geometric constructions, of the structure of the deposit, the shape and size of the mineral bodies in the bowels, the placement of useful and harmful components in them, the properties of the host rocks, the spatial arrangement of workings, rock deformation processes and the earth's surface in connection with mining operations, as well as a reflection of the dynamics of the production process of a mining enterprise. Works are carried out with the help of mine surveying devices. The data are synthesized in mining graphic documentation, which is drawings obtained by the method of geometric projection.
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mine surveyor:
- rank IX class in the old table of ranks for officials of the mining department, abolished in 1834;
- in tsarist Russia: a government official who oversees the correctness and accuracy of geodetic measurements during mining (when setting the directions of connecting workings, measuring mine fields, delimiting the work of various owners, etc.); mostly as assistant district engineers. Mine surveyors were often also entrusted with the acquisition of land on the surface.
Today, a mine surveyor is a specialist who plans and controls all stages of the construction of underground structures and the development of mine workings (ground - quarries, cuts, artisanal artels, ditches and underground - mines, adits, metro and wells), organization of work and adjustment of the process in accordance with delivery plan.
Mine surveying is a complex science and is closely related to many scientific disciplines: physical-technical, mathematical, geological-mineralogical and exploration, astronomical-geodesic, as well as field development technology and construction.
The specifics of the profession
The surveyor is responsible for compliance with all design parameters of mining systems, all parameters and deformations of buildings and structures in the mine and on the surface of the mining enterprise. In addition to certain knowledge, skills and abilities, he must have a very balanced character, be infinitely pedantic, accurate and precise in the performance of his duties, and know safety precautions. Mistakes in its work can lead to enormous losses, accidents with mass loss of life. The mine surveyor is engaged in accounting for the movement and condition of mineral reserves (opened, prepared and ready for excavation reserves), accounting for losses and impoverishment of minerals.
The surveyor service at the mining enterprise also monitors the process of shifting rocks on the sides of the quarry, waste rock dumps, and, if necessary, takes measures to prevent the movement of rocks, or to prevent further mining operations. A related profession in surface construction is the surveyor.
Sources
- // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
Mine surveyors (from German “mark” - border and “shader” - separator) are one of the divisions of geologists. Representatives of the direction are part of a special geodetic group. She works in mineral exploration, takes part in the planning, construction and commissioning of functional structures. To obtain a responsible and rather profitable profession, it is necessary to obtain an appropriate higher or specialized education.
The profession of a mining engineer appeared thousands of years ago, when a person began to develop minerals and excavate in mines. Even then, people used the first geodetic tools that allowed them to properly plan work and secure them. When exactly the word mine surveyor appeared, history is unknown. In Russia, representatives of the profession appeared under Peter I, which gave impetus to the development of the direction. In the second half of the 18th century, the first educational institution teaching an important part of geodesy.
In our time, the profession of a mine surveyor requires the following knowledge from a specialist:
- understanding the basics and rules for conducting geodetic and geometric measurements in the bowels of the earth and on its surface;
- the practical use of these data in the development of action plans and mapping of the area;
- Possession of practical skills necessary to start and maintain mining and underground operations;
- understanding what is the legal responsibility at all stages of activity;
- orientation in the methods and technology of mining;
- the availability of skills that will make it possible to secure the conduct of underground and open-pit mining.
The list of theoretical knowledge and practical skills of a mine surveyor geologist does not end there. Representatives of the profession simultaneously master related sciences that can help them in mining. Depending on what a particular employee does, he may be an expert in explosives, mining machines or pumping equipment, mineralogy, ventilation installations and a number of other issues.
Where to get a profession and specialty of a geodesist
Mine surveyor is a technically complex and multidisciplinary specialty. To work in a profession, it is not enough to unlearn at a specialized educational institution, you also need to have the ability to exact sciences. This direction is worth considering for people who are good at mathematics, physics, chemistry, drawing, computer science.
When deciding how and where to study as a mine surveyor, you can consider the following options:
- enter the geological university at the faculty of mining - in Russia the most popular and in demand are the Mining and Geological Prospecting Universities of Moscow, the Mining Institute of St. Petersburg, the Ural Mining University in Yekaterinburg;
- become a student of a specialized college or technical school - however, in order to receive the specialty of a geological engineer in the future, you will still have to study additionally;
- get any higher education, after which take courses and master basic geological knowledge - in this case, it is preferable to graduate from technical universities.
The duration of training to become a mining engineer depends on the existing knowledge base and the chosen path. It can range from 3 months in courses to 4-5 years at a university. Most often, representatives of the direction and after receiving a diploma do not stop improving their skills. Depending on what the surveyor does, he may need a lot of additional knowledge and skills.
Responsibilities
To more accurately understand the profession of a mine surveyor, it is necessary to consider its tasks and functions. They may vary depending on the field of activity of a professional, the level of his qualifications, and the place of work. Most often, one project consists of several separate stages or sections. A separate employee is responsible for each of them.
The basic list of duties of a mine surveyor:
- installation of support networks at the site of engineering, mining, construction or production work;
- distribution of tasks among working groups and control of their activities;
- carrying out geometric and geodetic constructions before, during and after the completion of work;
- measurement, calculation and accounting of parameters in the field of mine workings, identification of hazardous and problem areas;
- checking the physical parameters of complex structures and functional structures;
- operation of geodetic equipment, checking its serviceability;
- conducting technical documentation by project;
- the surveyor must know safety precautions and control the correct conduct of open or underground work in accordance with the plan and instructions.
Of the personal qualities that are preferred for a geologist engineer, they distinguish: accuracy, accuracy to the point of pedantry, attentiveness, and mental stability. The applicant for the position must be physically strong, without health problems.
The safety of a mass of people often depends on the quality of the performance of the assigned tasks by an employee. Not many people are able to take on such a responsibility.
Place of work
The work of a mine surveyor is not limited to assessing the quality of soil in a particular area. Representatives of mining engineering are needed in a variety of areas. They hold responsible positions and are able to achieve significant heights in terms of career.
Surveyors are required for the following projects:
- exploration of mineral deposits - an employee inspects and surveys the area, identifies the boundaries of deposits, calculates their depth and volume, fills out information cards, creates drawings and plans for conducting work;
- mining industry - profile professionals are responsible for compliance with all parameters of mineral development within a given area. They correlate the features of the area with the type of building structures, evaluate the geometric correctness of the structures;
- underground construction - the work of mine surveyors in tunnels, quarries, mines and underground mines begins with the preparation of the site, continues in the process of implementing the task and ends with an assessment of the result. Representatives of the profession take part in the preparation of drawings, systematically carry out additional measurements, timely make adjustments to the project;
- construction of large-scale ground structures - heavy and massive creations require careful preparation of the foundation, which is what mine surveyors do;
- laying roads - representatives of the geodetic service assess the quality of the soil, develop tunnel schemes, select the best option for supports for bridges.
The quality of the mine surveyor's work determines the correctness of underground workings, the timing of project implementation, and the safety of employees at the enterprise. Errors made during calculations or geodetic work can lead to human casualties and serious damage due to the collapse of structures.
Pros and cons of the profession
The main positive moment in the work of a mine surveyor is the opportunity to take part in the implementation of important and even grandiose projects.
- People with a technical mindset will be able to realize their potential in this profession.
- Ambitious individuals will have a chance to climb the career ladder.
- The demand for profile employees is growing every year.
- The salary of representatives of the direction exceeds the average indicators in other areas.
In addition to the high level of responsibility, a number of negative aspects can be identified in the direction.
- For some, work will seem physically and psychologically exhausting.
- The profession requires constant attention to detail.
- It is impossible to stop there, it is necessary to learn and develop.
To take a prestigious post, you have to try hard. For example, a lot of requirements are put forward for people who work in the organizations of Glavtonnelmetrostroy and are involved in the construction of metro lines. There is little basic profile here higher education. It is necessary to have many years of experience, a number of technical skills and knowledge, high level professionalism. To receive desired position surveyors sometimes have to go through psychological tests and various tests.
Wage
For people who have chosen mine surveying, the salary starts from 30-40 thousand rubles at the initial stage. Then this figure increases to 50-60 thousand rubles. Professionals in their field earn 80-100 thousand rubles. The salary of group leaders and project curators ranges from 130-150 thousand rubles.
Contrary to popular belief, the work of a mine surveyor is not the monotonous performance of the same manipulations. On the contrary, it is a constant search for solutions to complex problems. A person who is attracted to this type of activity will not get tired of the routine. He will always have the opportunity to realize his creative and intellectual potential.
Suitable educational specialties: Geologist; Surveyor worker; Transport construction.Key items: Drawing; Geophysics; Cartography; Geography
Tuition fee (average in Russia): 200,000 rubles
Job description:
*The cost is indicated for 4 years of full-time bachelor's degree
from him. mark - border and scheiden - separate)
A mine surveyor is a specialist who works in the exploration of mineral deposits, in mining enterprises under construction and in operation, in the construction of underground structures. He is engaged in geodetic measurements and marking, and the quality of work of sinkers, builders, etc. depends on their accuracy. Usually a mine surveyor is on the staff of the mine surveying service.
During the exploration of the deposit this specialist conducts mine surveying of the area (spatial-geometric measurements), marks the location of the explored areas on the map. On the ground, marks the places of exploration wells (in accordance with the exploration project). Together with geologists, he calculates minerals, draws up drawings that reflect the features of the earth's surface, sizes and other parameters of mineral deposits, etc.
In the mining industry. The mine surveyor is involved in designing the boundaries of mining enterprises, deposit development systems, placement of buildings and structures. He transfers the elements of the construction project to the area (makes the markup), and when construction is underway, he controls the geometric correctness of the structures.
When the enterprise is launched and mining begins, mine surveyors control the process: it must comply with the project and technical rules.
In the construction of underground structures mine surveyors play the same important role as in the work with deposits. Their involvement begins with preparatory stage and continues during construction.
First, the surveyor gets acquainted with the design drawings and marks out the places where mines will be laid and ground buildings will be erected.
During the construction process, he controls the correctness of underground work, periodically takes measurements and corrects deviations from the project.
A specialist who will work in mineral deposits must have a higher geological education. A mine surveyor who is engaged in the construction of a subway or other underground infrastructure usually has a secondary specialized education in the specialty “Mine Surveyor Worker” or a higher technical education in the specialty “Transport Construction”.
In addition, a mine surveyor needs to be able to use special devices, computer programs, and be able to read drawings. Despite modern measuring equipment, a surveyor needs a good eye, which develops in the process of work. The mine surveyor must be a person not only knowledgeable, attentive and accurate in his actions, but also physically hardy, because. his work is often associated with travel, with walking.