How to open an LLC in Moscow: step by step

How to open an LLC in Moscow and not screw it up: what you need to know before going to the Federal Tax Service + a list of documents for registration + 4 ways to submit papers.

If you "ask" Google, how to open an LLC in Moscow, on the first pages of the issue you will find only ads for law firms and no specific guides.

The point is not at all that it is impossible for a person without special education and experience to open an LLC on their own.

Just for a beginner, this procedure may seem, at first glance, too complicated.

This is where intermediaries profit.

Although, in fact, everything is not so scary.

And you can personally check it out by studying our step-by-step manual "from A to Z".

What are the pros and cons of deciding to open an LLC?

Before proceeding with the guide on registering an LLC in Moscow, it is worth understanding: do you really need this particular form of activity?

We note right away: if there are several founders, it will not suit you unambiguously.

But if you plan to do business on your own, once again weigh the pros and cons of the limited liability company format:

pros	Minuses
The property of the founder of an LLC is not equated to the property of the company. Those. Only the authorized capital will be used to pay debts.	To maintain LLC documentation, you definitely need an accountant in the state. You will also have to buy licensed software.
The LLC status causes more loyalty among partners and customers.	The registration process will take a lot of time, effort and money (from 4,000 rubles).
An LLC can scale by attracting new members.	The number of participants cannot be more than 50 people.
Founders can not only join the ranks of society, but also leave it if necessary. And this will not be the final point for LLC.	Each time you change the composition of the founders, you will have to change the Charter of the LLC.
If necessary, a limited liability company can actually sell.	To liquidate an LLC, you will have to go through a long process, which has various pitfalls.

What do you need to know before starting an LLC?

When an entrepreneur embarks on the decision to open an LLC, he must determine several important points.

This knowledge will be required when filling out paperwork.

It is not worth postponing the decision for later, since all the questions voiced below will require a lot of time to solve them.

Choosing a name for an LLC in Moscow

The only, perhaps, the stage of registration, at which you will need to have a good imagination.

Of course, you can also use the "help of the hall", i.e. contact friends, social media surveys and even advertising companies.

There are some basic tips for choosing an LLC name:

• the name should be easy to write and remember;
• remember that the direction of the LLC may change in the future, and do not choose names related to the activities of the company;
• psychologists believe that a name composed according to the following formula is ideally perceived: 2 words - noun + adjective.

Under the ban from the state:

• use of names of cities and regions of the country;
• the names of the LLC, which, without approval from government agencies, include the words "Moscow", "federal", all derivatives and the word "Russia" itself;
• any words that may offend moral principles, people's rights, discriminatory expressions;
• the name of the LLC cannot be written in any letters, except for Russian ones; it is also unacceptable to use such signs - &, @.

Also, obviously, the name must be unique. You can check this fact even before visiting the tax office.

Use these resources:

Why do you need a legal address for an LLC?

To open an LLC, you must specify the legal address.

It is required in case of scheduled inspections, and official documents will be sent to it.

And at this address they will look for guidance in case of emergency.

Of course, the legal address is not taken from the ceiling.

Legislation allows the use of the address of residence of the Director of the Company.

But it is better to use the data of the office space for these purposes.

As a rule, in practice, real activity is not often carried out at a legal address. That is why, in addition to the legal address, the actual address of the company's location is also indicated in the documents.

The main thing is that there is an address at all. Otherwise, it will not work in Moscow.

What to do if you do not have a legal address?

Rent an office space.

In this situation, you will need to include in the list of documentation to open an LLC, a letter of guarantee (an example of a letter below).

Contact any private office in Moscow, which provides the service of "renting" a legal address.
As a rule, the address is "removed" for six months or a year.

The cost will vary depending on the location and duration.

For Moscow, for example, the average price will be 1500-2000 rubles.

How to choose an OKVED code?

OKVED codes are another category of information that you will need to specify when registering an LLC in Moscow.

The entrepreneur must choose from the classifier 1 code, which will indicate the main type of employment + no more than 19 additional codes.

As a rule, no one is limited to one code, because LLCs are multifunctional organizations.

But it’s not worth going too far, trying to use all 20 possibilities.

Subsequently, codes can be added by sending a corresponding application to the tax office.

You can find the catalog of OKVED codes directly at the state body you contact for registration.

If you want to prepare in advance or submit documents remotely, look for suitable codes here: http://okved2.ru/.

Note! You need exactly OKVED-2. According to the order of Rosstandart No. 1745, it comes into force on 01/01/17. Accordingly, OKVED-1 ceases to be valid.

What is authorized capital?

One of the important stages, without which it is impossible to open an LLC, is the formation of the authorized capital (at least 10,000 rubles).

As a rule, in practice it is many times more).

If there are several founders, each contributes a part, and the charter of the company fixes who owns what percentage.

This is important because depending on this rate, a part of the Company's income is subsequently paid.

All contributions are made to a regular bank account, which will subsequently be “retrained” into the authorized capital.

When the procedure for depositing funds is completed, the entrepreneur must receive a check that confirms the fact of payment. This check is one of the important documents required to open an LLC.

The law provides for the possibility to contribute only 50% of the authorized capital by the time the papers are submitted for registration of the Company.

The remaining half must be paid within a year.

Choosing the type of taxation

When submitting papers to open an LLC in Moscow, an entrepreneur can indicate the desired taxation format.

Those who cannot do this have a chance to apply for the transition to the simplified tax system within a month.

The next opportunity is given only in a year.

To switch to the selected taxation system, an application in two copies of the established form is attached to the list of documents:

All those who do not make an informed choice automatically fall under the OSNO.

This system also has its advantages, but it received more negative feedback from entrepreneurs.

Comparison of the main taxation systems:

What package of documents is needed to open an LLC?

When the preparation stage is completed, you can proceed directly to the implementation of the decision to open an LLC in Moscow.

What package of documents should be prepared to open an LLC?

Before starting to collect a package of documents, be sure to check the list and the relevance of the data on the official website of the Federal Tax Service of Russia in the appropriate section: https://www.nalog.ru/rn77/yul/interest/reg_yl/register/.

More about the application to open an LLC

Perhaps the main paper that is required to open an LLC is a corresponding application from an entrepreneur. It is compiled in a single form P11001.

It is here that the chosen name, legal address and OKVED codes are entered.

The current sample can be downloaded from the FTS website: http://format.nalog.ru/

Another option is to generate an electronic application in the electronic application service of the Federal Tax Service (https://www.nalog.ru/rn77/service/gosreg_eldocs/).

How to pay the state duty?

At the moment, in order to open an LLC in Moscow, you need to pay a state duty of 4,000 rubles.

Payment is made according to the receipt, which you must generate using the official service: https://service.nalog.ru/gp2.do.

At the end of the process, the service will offer you two options: payment by bank transfer and cash.

If you choose the second one, you will need to go with the generated receipt to the nearest bank branch.

Be sure to keep the receipt confirming the payment of the state duty.

How to open an LLC in Moscow: 4 ways to file paperwork

Even if we discard the option of registration through an intermediary firm, there are still several ways to submit papers.

Unfortunately, this is not always possible.

Therefore, it is useful for everyone to know in what other ways it will be possible to transfer documents to the Federal Tax Service in order to open an LLC.

1. Personal inspection visit

A personal visit to the tax office is the easiest and most reliable way to transfer a package of papers.

Agree, any questions about the LLC are best resolved on the spot, having personally discussed with representatives of the institution.

Even despite the fact that you have to defend some time in the eternal queues.

You can also transfer documents with the help of a trustee (of course, notarized).

To find out which address in Moscow to contact, go here: https://service.nalog.ru/addrno.do.

2. Transfer through the MFC in Moscow

Multifunctional centers are, roughly speaking, representative offices of the Federal Tax Service. Therefore, you can also transfer documents with their help - by visiting in person or by sending a trusted person.

The MFC provides clients with an excellent service that will save your time - signing up in an electronic queue.

Look for the right branch in Moscow here: http://xn--l1aqg.xn--p1ai/mfc/index/queues.

3. Sending by mail

Far from the most reliable way to open an LLC.

Therefore, you should use it only as a last resort (if you have no way to get to the right tax office).

When sending papers by letter, they also need to be certified by a notary.

Such a “cargo” is sent by a valuable letter with an inventory of the contents.

You can also use DHL and Pony Express courier services, but this is only allowed in Moscow!

Look for the address on the same section of the FTS website: https://service.nalog.ru/addrno.do.

4. Open an LLC using an online service

The fourth option is the most "advanced".

He doesn't even need to get out of his chair. But you have to tinker, setting up your computer according to the rules of the service.

Read all the details of using the online application service, and what kind of setting we are talking about, carefully read on the website of the Federal Tax Service: https://www.nalog.ru/rn77/service/gosreg_eldocs/.

What happens after?

The collected package of documents is accepted by the tax inspector (if you personally visited the office) and issues a receipt for receipt.

For other submission methods, this item is skipped.

If you did everything right, after 3 days (working!) You will receive documents that confirm: you were able to successfully open an LLC in Moscow.

For them you need to come in person or send a trusted representative.

Also, papers can be sent to you by mail to the address specified during registration (therefore, carefully check its correctness when filling out the application!).

Attention! We must not forget that even this strict tax inspector in front of you is still a living person. Nobody is immune from mistakes. Therefore, carefully check the issued certificate!

What questions remain if the LLC was opened?

Even after the LLC registration papers are in the hands of the founder(s), a number of organizational issues still remain. Let's sort them out.

1. Ordering a print in Moscow

Unlike an individual entrepreneur, an LLC obliges the owner to order a seal for the Company.

It will be required when concluding transactions, confirming contracts, in general, in any situation where it is required to certify documents on behalf of the LLC.

Getting a print is extremely easy.

It is enough to contact any company in Moscow that provides such a service.

Take with you:

• certificate with the specified OGRN code;
• assignment certificate;
• the amount of about 400 - 1,000 rubles (relevant for Moscow).

No one limits the design of a seal for an LLC entrepreneur.

You will be offered a catalog from which you can choose any sample you like.

The production of the item will take some time, although urgent execution can be ordered in Moscow.

Don't forget to buy ink!

2. How to open a current account for an LLC in Moscow?

If for an individual entrepreneur the need for a current account can still be challenged, then for an LLC in Moscow it will be mandatory to open it.

And this is done "as soon as, so immediately."

Why do you need to open this account?

• Maintain LLC capital.
• Get paid for services.
• Make payments to partners.

Without a checking account, all financial transactions would be hard labor! Therefore, it is impossible to do without it.

It is worth adding that a bank in Moscow should be chosen carefully.

You don't want the LLC to go bust simply because of an unreliably chosen "vault" for the account, do you?

What are the criteria to check the financial institution in which to open an account:

1. How long has the bank been operating and what reputation does it have with customers?
2. How much will I have to pay for the decision to open an account?
3. How far is the main office?

Fortunately, there is no shortage of banks in Moscow now, so an entrepreneur can be very picky about where to open an account.

The step-by-step process of creating a new legal entity (LLC) is also shown in the video:

Why can you be refused to register an LLC in Moscow?

The chance of being refused when trying to open an LLC in Moscow worries entrepreneurs along with organizational issues.

If you turn to paragraph 1 of Article 23 of the Federal Law (https://www.nalog.ru/rn77/fl/interest/open_business/compaby_reg/3921906/), you can find a huge list of reasons for this.

We will analyze the main reasons for which they may refuse to open an LLC in Moscow:

• an incomplete package of documents was submitted for registration;
• the papers were sent "to the wrong address";
• there is no certification by a notary (in cases where it is necessary);
• all participants left the LLC;
• the name chosen for the Company does not comply with legal requirements;
• if any of the Founders, by a court decision, does not have the right to engage in entrepreneurial activities and others.

This entire list can be summarized in one thesis: entrepreneurs rarely receive a refusal to open an LLC in Moscow.

If this happens, there is a 95% chance that an error has crept into the documents or they are not completely collected.

So just prepare carefully, then problems can be avoided.

In general, understand how to open an LLC in Moscow not so difficult.

It is important to break the task into successive steps and proceed in stages.

Then the fear of such a responsible task will pass, and you will do everything right.

If it seems to you that you can’t figure it out yourself, contact intermediary specialists who will take this “burden” upon themselves.

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