The norm of working hours per month, established by the legislation of Russia. How to calculate the utilization rate of working time How to calculate the number of workers knowing

There are organizations with such features of the organization of work that do not allow the establishment of daily or weekly norms of working hours, for example, seasonal production. But the employer is obliged to regularly count the hours worked in any case.

For such enterprises, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for a special accounting regime - summarized.

No matter how the working hours are distributed during the week, decade, month, quarter, their total number for the accounting period, which does not exceed a year, must comply with the standards established by law.

Let's consider the nuances regarding the schedule of such accounting, and also analyze how it will be implemented with a shift work regime. Let us touch upon the issues of calculating remuneration for work with this method of accounting, including in situations where processing took place. We will show how the calculation of working hours occurs when summing up using a specific example.

A special type of accounting for working hours - summarized

Summary Accounting- this is, in fact, a special operating mode based on the observance of certain schedules (as a rule, this is "" or).

The basis for establishing such schedules is the reason “from the contrary” - when it is not possible to plan the regime in such a way that the working week is a fixed number of hours, provided for by the norms of Art. 91-92 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:

• 24 - for youth under 16;
• 35 - for those with a disability group;
• 36 - for teachers and workers in hazardous industries;
• 39 - for doctors
• 40 hours is the standard duration.

The working week cannot include more than 40 hours.

With RTS, the shortfall during one period can be compensated by processing at other time intervals, which in total reaches the result required by the norm.

Schedule of summarized accounting of working hours (SURV)

When introducing an RMS system at an enterprise, a work schedule is a mandatory document.

FOR YOUR INFORMATION! Art. 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation unequivocally requires the scheduling of the RTC only for the mode of operation, which provides for shifts. For other operating modes, this requirement is not legally binding. However, most often, employers prefer to draw up such schedules, since it is practically impossible to ensure that working hours comply with legislative standards, especially in a long accounting period, in any other way.

The schedule is compiled on the basis of the regulatory documents of the enterprise:

• collective agreement;
• labor individual contracts or additional agreements to them;
• internal labor regulations;
• other local acts.

ATTENTION! The RMS schedule can be drawn up both for the entire enterprise as a whole and for individual groups of employees or individuals, applied on a permanent basis or introduced temporarily.

The main difficulties in scheduling

Organizing a summary accounting schedule is a rather painstaking procedure. Compilers face many difficulties in the planning process, which have to be solved on the basis of specific situations. Let us consider the main difficulties that stand in the way of the RTMS scheduler and outline possible ways to overcome them.

1. Setting alternating shifts and days off. Depending on the length of the shift, during the accounting year, such a number of hours of work may accumulate that does not fit into the established annual rate. This can happen if, for example, the norm for the year turns out to be odd, and the shift is designed for an even number. Output it may be to schedule with a minimum of underwork or to adjust the working off with additional days off. To do this, it is not necessary to prescribe in the regulatory documents too strict combination of the frequency of work shifts and days off in order to be able to "manoeuvre".
2. Sanctions for exceeding hourly limits. The law does not allow processing beyond the established limits. Therefore, if the schedule is planned in such a way that it provides for processing, the inspection bodies may consider this a violation. Output: if it is impossible to strictly observe the norm in the schedule, the planned defect (of course, minimal) is less “traumatic” than even a small processing. A defect due to the fault of the employer will simply have to be paid at the average wage level, and processing is fraught with penalties.
3. Familiarization of employees with the schedule. Art. 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation requires the employee to familiarize himself with the shift schedule no later than 30 days before its introduction against his written confirmation of consent. However, here the employer may have another difficulty. SURV is a mode in which the production need at any time can force the adopted schedule to be adjusted. Of course, the total number of hours for the reference period should remain the same anyway, but the ratio of holidays to work shifts may need to be corrected. And familiarizing the employee against signature makes it impossible for any changes in the schedule in less than a month.

   If such changes are made, they will be recognized as a deviation from the mode of operation, respectively, their working out will be qualified as either employment, and these are already different wage rates.

   In addition, for such testing, again, the consent of the employee and the issuance of a written order from the management are required. Output: the employer is certainly obliged to acquaint the employee with the schedule, but the law does not say that consent must confirm the schedule immediately for the entire accounting period, even if it is a whole year. It is expedient for the employer to draw up a preliminary annual schedule for accounting for the RTC, and to introduce it into work in small parts, most conveniently in monthly periods. Thus, the employee will get acquainted with the new schedule and sign it monthly, and it will be possible to make the necessary adjustments in a timely manner.

Pay and overtime

Labor remuneration in compliance with the RTC schedule

The method of calculating payment is chosen by the employer, coordinates it with the employee being hired, which is fixed in the labor or collective agreement. It is possible to use different salary systems.

Most commonly used pay system for hours actually worked:

• hourly rates: the monthly amount paid is calculated based on the hours worked during each specific month;
• official salaries: a fixed amount is paid monthly if all shifts are worked in accordance with the planned schedule.

NOTE! With a salary system, the average salary for 1 hour of labor will be different in a given month, the total amount will “run in” only at the end of the accounting period. With hourly billing, the cost of an hour is always the same, since it is a fixed value, documented.

Application possible piecework wages when remuneration is accrued depending on the number of units of products produced or operations performed.

Payment for processing at RMS

In the SURV mode, as in other working modes, sometimes there is a production need to work more hours than is allowed by labor law.

Overtime work- this is processing in excess of the normalized number of hours that make up the accounting period. The concept of "accounting period" is the key here, since the RTS logic itself provides for processing at other time intervals, compensated by less development in other periods. Thus, with a one-year accounting period, overtime processing for a week or a month cannot be considered, even if it was not included in the schedule.

REFERENCE! The calculation and accrual of payment for overtime hours is carried out exclusively on the basis of the results of the entire accounting period, and if the employee leaves, then on the date of his dismissal.

Inspection bodies are sympathetic to the complexities of RMS planning, allowing processing that does not exceed the established limits: for each member of the work team during the year, more than 120 hours cannot be processed, and for 2 consecutive days - more than 4 hours (Article 99 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation ).

If it is not possible to draw up a schedule without overwork included in it, this means that the organization does not have enough staff and it should increase the number of staff.

Overtime pay rates

Labor legislation provides for a special regulation for calculating labor remuneration for overtime:

• for the first processed two hours one and a half payment;
• for subsequent hours - doubled hourly rate (with hourly billing);
• surcharge in the amount of another corresponding hourly rate (if paid by the piece).

REMEMBER! You cannot compensate for overtime in one accounting period with a shortage of hours in the next.

For night work additional financial bonuses are provided, amounting to at least 20% of the average hourly wage rate for each hour of the night shift worked.

Holidays and weekends pay for work also provides for an increased amount:

• hourly - double rate per hour;
• pieceworkers - double rate;
• “sitting” on a salary - single or double average daily or average hourly earnings (doubling depends on whether processing took place along with going out on a non-working day).

Compensation is allowed not in financial form, but in the form of additional time for rest (this is agreed with the worker himself).

IMPORTANT! If an employee's exit on a holiday or day off is provided for according to the RTC schedule, then this time is counted as working time and is included in the norm that is established for the accounting period.

Summarized accounting of working hours by periods

An important point in planning RTS is the choice of the optimal accounting period.

It is necessary to establish the time period during which the staff is guaranteed to gain a more or less constant amount of hours worked that meet the standards. The law leaves this choice to the employer, which the latter makes based on considerations of expediency. It can be:

• decade;
• month;
• a two-month period;
• quarter;
• half a year;

NOTE! A period exceeding one year is not provided by law!

For some types of activities, the accounting period is prescribed in the legislation, for example, for drivers it should be equal to a month. For employees of hazardous industries and workers in hazardous conditions with RTS, a three-month accounting period cannot be exceeded.

If the frequency of working and weekends is more or less constant, then it is worth setting an “even” accounting period (2 months, half a year, a year) so that the processing of one half covers the shortage of working hours in the other. With seasonal work, the maximum accounting period is advisable, then the “season” will easily cover the “off-season”.

An example of calculating the summarized accounting of working hours

Let's give a concrete example of calculation of SURV.

The organization adopted the summarized accounting of working hours. A standard week of 40 hours was taken as the norm, a quarter was chosen as the accounting period.

First, the working hours are calculated. To do this, 40 hours must be divided by 5 days (the standard length of the working week), and then multiplied by the number of working days in each month. Do not forget to subtract 1 hour for each pre-holiday day. You can not make these calculations, but simply look at the production calendar data, where they are already calculated in advance and given for different input data: for an accounting period of a week, month, quarter or year with a working week of various lengths.

Now let's look at the actually worked time indicators. For the 1st quarter of the year, the time actually worked in accordance with the schedule amounted to:

• in January - 158 hours;
• in February - 150 hours;
• in March - 172 hours.

A total of 480 hours.

If you check the production calendar for this year, then in the 1st quarter, the norm of working time is 482 hours. Thus, we see a 2-hour shortfall due to the fault of the employer, which employees will need to pay at the average hourly rate, it is calculated by dividing the monthly amount earned by the number of hours worked that month.

For the 2nd quarter, hours worked were:

• in April - 164 hours;
• in May - 156 hours;
• in June - 188 hours.

In total, this is 508 hours.

The production calendar provides just this amount, so that the schedule is completed without overwork and shortcomings.

In the 3rd quarter, the following picture was observed according to the schedule:

• in July - 166 hours;
• in August -174 hours;
• in September - 172 hours.

The total is 512 hours, while the production calendar for the 3rd quarter of a given year provides for 500 hours. It turns out processing at 12 hours, which, according to the law, must be issued and paid as overtime: 2 hours at a one and a half rate, the remaining 10 hours at a double rate. The additional payment is due in September.

Rules for the summarized accounting of working hours

To summarize the requirements for RMS: when planning such a mode of operation, the employer must take into account the following important points.

1. RMS is mandatory introduced in organizations that cannot ensure the constant observance of working hours during the working day (shift) or week.
2. The amount of time worked at RTS for the accounting period should not exceed that stipulated by legislative norms.
3. The SURV schedule is mandatory when organizing a shift work regime and is desirable for all other regimes.
4. The accounting period under the RTS regime is set arbitrarily, except for those types of activities where it is provided for by law, and it is illegal to set it longer than 1 year.
5. The following items must be regulated in the RMS schedule:
   • the beginning and end of the labor process;
   • duration of the shift (working day) in hours;
   • the frequency of work shifts and days off;
   • rest time between shifts.
6. It is forbidden to include significant processing in the schedule (this is fraught with administrative responsibility), and a flaw is also undesirable. If one or the other actually happened, it must be compensated by the employer in the manner prescribed by law.
7. Overtime hours are calculated and paid after the end of the billing period.
8. Working on public holidays according to the schedule is included in the general norm of hours, although it is additionally paid or compensated, while not being overtime.
9. For an employee who began his duties not at the beginning of the accounting period, the total hourly rate is reduced.
10. The absence of an employee for a valid reason, in particular, due to sick leave or vacation, excludes missed hours from his norm for the accounting period.

Copy url

print

The production rate for 1 worker is calculated quite simply. The formulas are simple, but you need to understand how and when they need to be applied at all.

The effectiveness of human labor is characterized by production.

As quantitative performance indicators, natural and cost indicators are used, such as: tons, meters, cubic meters, pieces, etc.

The productivity of labor characterizes the development. The output is calculated for one main worker, for one worker and one worker. In different cases, the calculations will be carried out in different ways.

• For one main worker - the number of products produced is divided by the number of main workers.
• Per worker - the number of products produced is divided by the total number of workers (main plus auxiliary).
• For one worker - the number of products produced is divided by the number of total employees.

Labor productivity indicators characterize the effectiveness of the use of employees in the enterprise. One of them is the rate of production.

The production rate is the amount of work (in units of production) that a worker or a group of workers needs to complete in a specified time in specific organizational and technical conditions. It is set when the same operation is regularly performed during the shift (the same products are created). Based on it, you can already assign a salary to an employee.

Specific indicators of the production rate are set by the enterprise - the state only gives general practical recommendations (they are set out in regulatory documents).

For each industry, the rate of output per person is calculated slightly differently, despite the existence of one simple "general" formula.

Formula for 1 worker

Production rates can be determined for one worker by dividing the time fund by the time rate.

As a fund, you can take a year, a month, a week, or the duration of a shift.

For mass production, large enterprises, the norm of time for the manufacture of a product is equal to the norm of piece-calculation time. For industries where the same workers perform the main, preparatory and final work, the time standards will be different.

It is best to take the duration of the shift as a fund. From here, the average output per month or per hour is calculated.

The calculation formula looks like this:

H vyr \u003d T cm / T op,

where T cm is the shift time,

T op - time to manufacture one product.

This is the same “general” formula that was mentioned earlier. It works great for mass production. It is worth noting that, although it is customary to take time in minutes, you can choose other units of time.

For serial or single production, the formula will be different:

H vyr \u003d T cm / T pcs,

T cm - change time,

T pcs - time for the manufacture of one product, calculated taking into account its cost.

For industries where the preparatory stage is calculated and normalized separately, the production formula must be modified:

H vyr \u003d (T cm - T pz) / T cm,

where H vyr is the operating time rate in natural units,

T cm is the working time fund for which the operating rate is set (here: shift time),

T pz - time for the preparatory stage in minutes.

In cases of working with automated equipment, it is necessary to take into account the service time (which is also normalized):

N vyr \u003d N o * N vm,

where H vyr is the operating time rate in natural units,

N vm - the rate of production of equipment, which is calculated:

N vm \u003d N vm theor * K pv,

where H vm theor is the theoretical output of the machine,

To pv - the coefficient of useful labor time for one shift.

If periodic hardware processes are used, the formula also changes.

H vyr \u003d (T cm - T about - T exc) * T p * H o / T op,

where H vyr is the operating time rate in natural units,

T cm - the duration of the shift,

T about - time for equipment maintenance,

T ex - the norm of time for personal needs of personnel,

T p - products manufactured in one period,

H o - normalized service time,

T op - the duration of this period.

It must be understood that the “general” formulas do not take into account the specifics of a particular production. For the food industry, for example, the calculations are slightly different.

It is not enough for us to measure how many dishes the chef prepared per day, this will not say anything about his productivity: there are different dishes, including complex ones. Therefore, in this case, special coefficients are used to calculate the production rate.

One "simplest" dish is taken and taken as a unit of labor input. For example, a portion of chicken soup is cooked in 100 seconds, taken as a unit. Soup, the preparation of which requires 200 s is taken as a deuce. Etc.

The cook needs to prepare the workplace, serve it. Prepare yourself for work.

The calculation formula looks like this:

H vyr \u003d (T cm - T pz - T obs - T exc) / T op,

where H vyr is the operating time rate in natural units,

T cm is the working time fund for which the operating rate is set,

T pz - time for the preparatory stage in minutes;

T obs - the time required to service the workplace, in minutes;

T ex - time spent on personal needs, in minutes;

T op - time per unit of production in minutes.

When calculating the rate of operating time, cleaning of industrial premises, it is taken into account that different surfaces are not washed equally well. Plus, cleaners need to move from one room to another.

H vyr \u003d (T cm - T obs - T ln - T otd) * K / T op,

where H in is the production rate,

T cm is the duration of the shift in minutes,

T obs - the time required to service the workplace during the shift, in minutes;

T otd - time spent on rest, in minutes,

T ln - time for a break for personal needs in minutes,

T op - time to clean 1 m 2 of area in seconds,

K is the coefficient that is taken into account when cleaning. It is determined with a stopwatch. It shows how much time is spent when moving between halls.

Calculation examples

For single production:

A craftsman who makes handmade teapots works 20,000 s a day. Time for one piece - 2500 s.

H vyr \u003d 20000 / 2500 \u003d 8 pcs.

The craftsman makes 8 handmade teapots per day.

For mass production:

The working shift time at the plant for the production of teacups is 28800 s. The time for the manufacture of one teapot, according to regulatory documents, is 1800 s.

H vyr \u003d 28800 / 1800 \u003d 16 pcs.

One worker must make 16 teapots in one shift.

For production, where the preparatory stage is normalized:

At another chapel plant, the time it takes workers to prepare the workplace and tools is taken into account. The duration of the shift is 28800 s. The time for making one teapot is 1700 s. Preparatory work time - 200 s.

H vyr \u003d (28800 - 200) / 1700 \u003d 16.82 pcs.

A worker at the second plant must produce 16.82 teapots during a shift.

For automated production:

Chapelnikov plant No. 2 began to use chapelnikov machines, in theory capable of producing 50 chapelniks during a shift. The coefficient of useful labor time per shift for machines is 0.95. The normalized service time is 0.85 work shifts.

H vyp \u003d 0.85 * 50 * 0.95 \u003d 40.375 pcs.

The chapelnikov machine will have to produce 40,375 pieces per day.

For periodic hardware processes in production:

Other workers in the same factory must attach automatic latches to the teapots - using machines. The duration of the shift is 28800 seconds. 1000 s is allocated for the maintenance of machines. For personal needs, you can leave for 900 seconds during the shift. In one period, the machine attaches 10 latches. Service time is 0.85 shifts. The duration of one period of using the machine is 500 seconds.

H vyr \u003d (28800 - 1000 - 900) * 10 * 0.85 / 500 \u003d 457.3 pcs.

Workers during the shift must attach 457.3 automatic latches to the teapots.

For the food industry:

Cooking oatmeal in the canteen for the workers of the teapot factory spends 28,700 s. The preparation time takes 1200 s. It takes the chef 1000 s to prepare the necessary ingredients and the workplace. In breaks for rest, 3200 s are spent. According to the regulations, it takes 1800 seconds to prepare one serving of oatmeal.

In this lesson:

• Task 1. Calculate the number of main workers

Task 1. Calculate the number of core workers

Calculate the number of basic pieceworkers by profession and category, provided that the time budget of one worker is 1752 hours. The data for calculating the labor intensity of the production program are presented below:

Indicators	product BUT	product B	Average coefficient compliance with the norms
output, pcs.	2000	5000
Labor intensity by type of work, standard hours
turning 4th category	3	2	1,2
milling 4th category	2	2	1,1
milling 6th category	1	1	1,2
drilling 3rd category	1	1	1,0
grinding 4th category	2	3	1,3
grinding 6th grade	1	2	1,2
assembly of the 8th category	4	2	1,0

A comment.
Unfortunately, those people who teach at our universities "just passed by the plant", so they often do not understand what meaning is attached to certain indicators. If on average (!!!) the norm is overfulfilled by 30%, then it is necessary to dismiss the rationing officer and carry out a complete renormalization of the technological process, and not calculate the number of personnel based on these curved norms.

Teachers do not understand the reasons why such situations arise, and therefore cannot tell students about them. And what quality will a specialist come to work at an enterprise if he has no idea about this? He can't even imagine... There can be a lot of possible reasons. One of them is when the foreman needs to encourage the grinder Vasya. The authorities do not allocate a bonus, and Vasya is a "good guy." Then the rater (at the direction of his superiors, and maybe even personal sympathies) overestimates the time limit for him and Vasya becomes a "leader of production", doing exactly the same job. This is seen by other workers, and after a while the circle of "leaders" expands within the limits of the personal sympathies of the rate-setter and the foreman. And everything would be fine, but ... our production cycle is suddenly increasing, labor productivity is falling, and the cost of production is rising. And it’s good for the head of the shop, he has reduced the plan in accordance with the labor intensity, Vasya is good, he has a higher salary. It’s only bad for the enterprise as a whole, but nobody cares, right?

And you need to be able to manage such processes, identify them, find the reasons ... But why? It is more important for a teacher to teach a student to add and subtract numbers! And then the workers in the workshop will be happy to "hang noodles on the ears" of such a "specialist", quietly laughing at the "burdock" behind their backs.

The "decision" itself represents the most idiotic thing an economist can do. If the norm is "overfulfilled" by 1.3 times, then the number of workers needed is 1.3 times less. (which is what workers with a rationing worker achieve, receiving wages 1.3 times higher than the calculated one). In fact, a real management decision should look like this: "review the entire wage system in the shop and renormalize technological operations, bringing them in line with the real technical process, and bringing wages to real market conditions." But you need to think about it, and adding up the numbers is much easier ...

Solution.
Turners 4 digits should be ...
(2000 x 3 + 5000 x 2) / 1752 / 1.2 = 7.61 ≈ 8 people (rounding down, we would increase labor intensity by more than 10%)

Milling 4 ranks
(2000 x 2 + 5000 x 2) / 1752 / 1.1 = 7.264 ≈ 7

Milling cutters 6th category
(2000 x 1 + 5000 x 1) / 1752 / 1.2 = 3.33 ≈ 4

Drillers 3 category
(2000 x 1 + 5000 x 1) / 1752 / 1 = 3.99 ≈ 4
It's funny, but the condition of the problem coincided with the situation in real life. Regular artificial overestimation of the norms of time always concerns the "old" workers of high ranks. And such "hazing" leads to the fact that beginners (1-3 category) are not able to earn normal money, since they are sent to the most "unprofitable" operations (k = 1). As a result, after working like this for a couple of months, the newcomer leaves. And then the head of the shop arranges "Yaroslavna's cry" about the lack of workers. For this, then they regularly punish ... personnel officers. And our "specialist" after the institute receives only the best reviews. Otherwise, they can send a competent specialist to the workshop ...

Grinders 4 category
(2000 x 3 + 5000 x 2) / 1752 / 1.3 = 7.02 ≈ 7 people

Grinders of the 6th category
(2000 x 1 + 5000 x 2) / 1752 / 1.2 = 5.71 ≈ 6 people

Collectors of the 8th category
(2000 x 4 + 5000 x 2) / 1752 / 1.0 = 10.27 ≈ 10 people

Task 2. Determine the number of workers according to the labor intensity of the production program

Calculate the planned number of workers based on data on the complexity of performing certain types of work. The annual effective working time fund of one average worker is 1675 hours. Other input data are shown in the table below.

t- the total labor intensity of the production program of the calculation year. Measured in standard hours.

F ef.- effective (real) fund of the time of work of one worker. Measured in hours.

K v.n.- the expected average coefficient of fulfillment of production standards by employees in the billing year.

n- the number of types of manufactured products.

t i- planned (normative) labor intensity of a unit of the i-th type of product. Measured in standard hours.

m i- the number of products of the i-th type. Measured in pieces.

Substitute the values ​​into the formula.

H main slave. =(15+21+11+7+23)*70,000/1.08*1675=77*70,000/1809=

5,390,000/1809=2980 employees.

Answer: 2980 workers.

Task 3. Determine the number of cleaners and auxiliary workers

Determine the number of cleaners and auxiliary workers of the metal machining shop on the basis of basic data on service standards. The initial data are given in the table below. The mode of operation of the workshop is one-shift.

Indicators	Values
Number of jobs in the workshop
Including places equipped with metal-cutting machines
Service standards for certain categories of personnel, jobs:
Greasers
Adjusters
electricians
Repairmen
quality controllers
sharpeners
Transporters
Service rate for cleaners, m2
Average area of ​​one workplace of a machine operator, m2
Average area of ​​other jobs, m2

Solution.

In order to find the number of cleaners, we need to find the area of ​​the workshop.

S workshop = (number of jobs in the workshop - number of jobs equipped with metal-cutting machines) * average area of ​​other jobs + number of jobs equipped with metal-cutting machines * average area of ​​one workplace of a machine operator.

Substitute the values ​​in the formula

S shop \u003d (600-370) * 8 + 370 * 15 \u003d 230 * 8 + 5550 \u003d 1840 + 5550 \u003d 7390 m 2

|

The very concept of working time implies the period for which the employee fulfills his labor obligations in accordance with the contract concluded with him and the principles of internal regulations. This definition also includes other time periods called working time in the Labor Code.

Dear readers! The article talks about typical ways to solve legal issues, but each case is individual. If you want to know how solve exactly your problem- contact a consultant:

APPLICATIONS AND CALLS ARE ACCEPTED 24/7 and 7 days a week.

It's fast and IS FREE!

Legislation

According to article 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the norm cannot exceed 40 hours a week. In cases where the employer, following the law, must establish reduced working hours, 24, 35 or 36 hours a week are approved.

The RV norm is necessary for establishing, as well as for paying, on weekends and holidays.

RW standards

The following time limits are distinguished:

• Work week. It can consist of five days (Saturday and Sunday are days off), or six, but its duration should normally be 40 hours, or with a reduced RV - 24, 35 or 36.
• Change. The concept of a work shift includes the time after which workers employed in the same labor process replace each other. It happens day and night. When working in shifts, sometimes there is such a nuance as the inability to reduce the duration of the shift when it is provided (for example, on a holiday day). Then this time is considered processing and is paid in accordance with the norms of overtime or compensated by the provision. Payment for the night shift (from 22.00 to 06.00) occurs at an increased rate, which is approved by the employer.
• Working day. The time during the day in which the work is done. Normally equal to 8 hours.
• Accounting period. Hours worked for a calendar period (for example, a quarter or a month, but not more than a year). This period allows you to correlate hours with the standards established by law. This is a kind of control over the RW norm.
• Employment limit. Employment limit set by law. An example would be . The number of hours worked in this case cannot exceed half of the RW norm per month. With a 40-hour working week in October 2020, part-time jobs should not take more than 84 hours.

Accounting for RV is selected in accordance with the specifics of the enterprise.

Rules and examples for calculating working hours

The calculation of working time takes into account a large number of factors, but the main one is the work schedule. It can be daily, weekly and summarized. The latter involves a shift schedule.

In addition, when accounting for RW, the following are provided:

• type of working week: five days, six days;
• daily duration of labor activity;
• the time when the work was started and finished;
• breaks;
• sequence of working days with non-working days;
• number of shifts in 24 hours;
• the presence of holidays, when the duration of the working day is reduced.

Monthly calculation

In general, the calculation of RV for a month with a five-day period is made according to the following formula:

Ntotal \u003d Prv: 5 x Krd - 1 hour x Efficiency, where:

• Ntot - norm RV;
• Prv - the duration of RV per week (40.35, 36 or 24);
• Krd - the number of working days in the period (month, year);
• Kppd - the number of pre-holiday days.

For example:

There are 21 working days in October 2020. So, with a 40-hour week, it will turn out: 40: 5 x 21 - 0 = 168 hours. At 36 hours: 36: 5 (days) x 21 = 151.2 hours. Hence the conclusion is this: the maximum working hours in October 2020 should not exceed 168 hours.

Six days

A six-day week also cannot exceed 40 hours in total.

Let's take the same October with a six-day period. There will be 26 working days, the norm is 168 hours. Divide 168 by 26 for about 6 and a half hours a day. But in the Russian Federation, a 7-hour workday is used for a six-day working week, and before the weekend it is reduced to 5 hours.

On the eve of a holiday with a five-day working day, the working day is reduced by one hour, a six-day working day cannot be more than five hours.

Number of working days between dates (formula)

Excel has a function called NETWORKDAYS. Its arguments are start and end dates. These are required values. And also an optional argument - holidays. When entering data on holidays, these days are excluded from the calculation.

Calculation of RW for 2020

The production calendar is taken as the basis. Here it must be taken into account that the year is a leap year, and there are 366 days in it. There are 247 working days. Weekends and holidays - 119. There are only two pre-holiday days this year.

Calculating according to the formula (if a 40-hour work week is taken), it turns out: 8 * 366 - 2 = 1974 hours.

If we take into account a week consisting of 36 hours, then a year will turn out to be 1776.4 hours. And with a 24-hour week, respectively, 1183.6 hours of RV.

Calculation with a shift schedule

With such a schedule is often used.

Summary accounting is used for shift schedules, rolling holidays, and approval.

The need for such accounting arises in cases where the required norm, for example, 40 hours a week, is not maintained. But it is equalized for a certain accounting period - it can be 1 month (which is more convenient), a quarter or a year.

Example:

Driver Yu.P. Ivanov, who works at Petra LLC, where summary accounting is introduced, and a quarter is taken for calculation, worked 447 hours from January to March 2020 inclusive.

Of them:

• 118 hours in January;
• 145 hours in February;
• 184 hours in March.

This driver is an employee with a 40-hour work week. This means that the norm for the first quarter is 447 hours, where:

• 120 hours - January;
• 159 hours - February;
• 168 hours - March.

It can be seen from the calculations that the norm was not exceeded.

Calculation of RV on a business trip

The seconded person performs an official assignment, and not his own function determined by the employment contract.

In accordance with this, the time spent by the employee in is not the working time that is defined in Article 91 of the Labor Code.

The duration of the RV in this case is set based on several factors:

• the nature of the job;
• execution conditions;
• host mode.

When recruiting for a business trip on weekends or holidays, these days must be marked and paid accordingly.

Calculation of RV with a schedule in three days

Such a schedule is referred to as either shift work or flexible work. In this case, the norm of 40 hours a week cannot be met. Therefore, hours in excess of the norm will be considered overtime, and their number will be determined at the end of the accounting period.

Here it is more convenient to choose a period for accounting equal to one year. Then the processing will be compensated by the defect.

Settlement at partial rate

For a normal working week (40 hours), the calculation is as follows:

• If 0.75 of the rate is taken into account, then 40 * 0.75 = 30 hours per week. With a five-day week - 30 divided by 5, it turns out that the daily norm is 6 hours. To calculate the number of hours per month, you need 30: 5 * (the number of working days in a calendar month). For example, February 2020 has 20 business days. So 30: 5 * 20 = 120 hours.
• 0.25 rate: 40 * 0.25 = 10 hours. It should be borne in mind that working time can be distributed as 5 days for 2 hours, and 2 days for 5 hours. Next, we also take February: divide 10 by 5 and multiply by 20. It turns out 40 hours a month.

Bid	Hours per week	Hours per month (February 2020 is taken as an example)
0.3 stakes	12	48
0.4 stakes	16	64
0.5 bets	20	80
0.6 rates	24	96

With an incomplete rate, it can be set

The heads of organizations are required to indicate the data on the man-hours worked in the form of static observation No. P-4 “Information on the number and wages of employees”, approved by the order of Rosstat dated October 26, 2015 No. 498. They also approved the rules for filling it out.

Formula for P-4, man-hours, calculation:

HH \u003d CH1 + CH2 + ... + CHN,

where:

HH - number of man-hours worked;
ChN - the number of hours worked by each specific employee.

They add up all the time worked by an employee on working days in the organization, as well as outside it. Work in, work for (at the same enterprise) are taken into account.

Therefore, if the enterprise has employees who work full-time and part-time, separate calculations are made for them, using. The formula in this case would look like this:

HH \u003d KR * RV,

where:

HH - man-hours;
KR - the number of employees;
RW is the time actually spent on the job.

Calculation of man-hours

A man-hour is a unit of work time accounting that corresponds to one hour of work by one person. With its help, it is convenient for the employer to plan the working time of employees, determine the required number of workers to complete the work, and also set deadlines for completing tasks.

H \u003d K * T,

where

H is the indicator itself, man-hour;
K - the total number of employees of the enterprise;
T is a unit of time, hours.

But there are periods that should not be taken into account when calculating. This:

• the period of illness of the employee, according to;
• time ;
• the period is not taken into account;
• the time for which the working day of employees of certain categories was reduced in accordance with the instructions of the legislation of the Russian Federation;
• time given to an employee who has recently given birth to breastfeed;
• other reasons.

Example

Let's take an example for a small firm. Let's imagine that 10 employees work in it. On a day, the total amount of hours worked by them is 80 man-hours:

10 people * 8 hours

The resulting number must be multiplied by the number of working days in a month:

80 person/hours * 21 days = 1680 person-hours.

Now let's calculate this indicator for each employee.

With a five-day working week and an eight-hour working day, the calculation will be as follows:

21 days * 8 hours = 168 man hours

man-day

We figured out the man-hours. In this section, we will consider what is commonly understood by the term man-day. This is a unit of measurement of working time, corresponding to the working day of one person, regardless of the number of hours worked by him. It should be noted that this indicator is less accurate than the man-hour.

Measured in man-days:

• days actually worked by the employee;
• turnaround time;
• days when the employee did not show up for work;
• downtime, including a whole day or more;

Also taken into account:

• days spent on business trips;
• those days on which the employee received the outfits of his enterprise for working out in another organization;
• days when, due to the main workplace, the employee was involved in other activities of the enterprise.

Calculation of man-days

Many are interested in calculating the total number of person-days.

Calculation of man-days, formula:

Kchdn \u003d ∑Khchas / Prab,

where:

Kchdn - the total number of man-days worked;
∑Khh - the total number of man-hours for the reporting month;
Prab - the length of the working day.

• first, we calculate the total number of man-days;
• then we determine the average number of underemployed employees in terms of full.

The formula will be:

C / C number is incomplete. = Kchdn / Krdn,

where:

C / C number is incomplete. - the average number of part-time workers for the reporting month;
Kchdn - total number of man-days worked;
Krdn - the number of working days according to the calendar in the reporting month.

Calculation of man-hours per year

How to calculate man-hours per year? To obtain this indicator, it is necessary to add up all the hours worked by an employee on working days in the company and outside it. That is, the calculation includes the time of work on work trips, overtime work, as well as work in a combined position in the same company.

In the calculation does not take into account:

• the period of illness of the employee, prescribed in the sick leave;
• vacation time for nursing mothers;
• the time when the employee did not work for reasons beyond his control;
• the time of the employee's annual leave;
• hours of reduction of the working day;
• the time when the employee improved his qualifications with a break from the labor process;
• time of participation of employees in strikes;
• other reasons for the employee's absence from the workplace.

The total amount consists of all man-hours for each employee. If you need to calculate man-hours for a year, the formula calculation will be as follows.