Ferrous metallurgy plant. The largest metallurgical companies in the world

The metallurgical complex of Russia is the main synonym for the well-being and prosperity of our entire state, its confidence in the future.

First of all, it serves as the basis for all existing mechanical engineering. Understanding this, let’s find out which enterprises are included in the mining and metallurgical complex.

These are mainly those industries that mine, enrich, smelt, roll and process raw materials. The company has its own clear structure:

  1. Ferrous metallurgy - ore and non-metallic raw materials.
  2. Non-ferrous metallurgy: light metals (magnesium, titanium, aluminum) and heavy metals (nickel, lead, copper, tin).

Ferrous metallurgy

An industry with its own nuances. It is important to understand that not only metal is important for it, but also mining and subsequent processing.

Its important features are highlighted:

  • more than half of the products serve as the basis for the country’s entire mechanical engineering industry;
  • a quarter of the products are used in the creation of structures with increased load capacity.

Ferrous metallurgy is production, coking of coal, secondary alloys, production of refractories and much more. Enterprises included in the ferrous metallurgy have highest value and in fact are the basis of the industry of the entire state as a whole.

The main thing is that around them there are production facilities for processing various wastes, especially after cast iron smelting.

The most common satellite of ferrous metallurgy is considered to be metal-intensive mechanical engineering and electrical power production. This industry has great prospects for the future.

Ferrous metallurgy centers in Russia

First of all, it should be remembered that Russia has always been and today is the absolute leader in terms of ferrous metal production density. And this primacy is without the right of transfer to other states. Our country confidently holds its position here. The leading factories are, in fact, metallurgical and energy chemical plants.

  • Let's name the most important centers of ferrous metallurgy in Russia:
  • Urals with iron and ore mining;
  • Kuzbass with coal mining;
  • Novokuznetsk;
  • Location of KMA;

Cherepovets.

  • The metallurgical map of the country is structurally divided into three main groups. They are studied at school and are the basic knowledge of a modern cultured person. This:
  • Ural;
  • Siberia;

Central part.

It is this that is the main and, perhaps, the most powerful in terms of European and world indicators. It is characterized by a high concentration of production.

The city of Magnitogorsk is of paramount importance in its history. There is a famous metallurgical plant there. This is the oldest and hottest “heart” of ferrous metallurgy.

It produces:

  • 53% of all cast iron;
  • 57% of all steel;
  • 53% of ferrous metals of all indicators that were produced in the former USSR.

Such production facilities are located near raw materials (Ural, Norilsk) and energy (Kuzbass, Eastern Siberia). Now the Ural metallurgy is in the process of modernization and further development.

Central metallurgical base

It includes cyclical production plants. Presented in the cities: Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Tula and Stary Oskol. This base is formed by iron ore reserves. They are located at a depth of up to 800 meters, which is shallow depth.

The Oskol Electrometallurgical Plant has been launched and is successfully operating. It introduced an avant-garde method without a blast furnace metallurgical process.

Siberian metallurgical base

Perhaps it has one peculiarity: it is the “youngest” of the existing bases today. Its formation began during the USSR period. Approximately one fifth of the total volume of raw materials for cast iron is produced in Siberia.

The Siberian base is a plant in Kuznetsk and a plant in Novokuznetsk. It is Novokuznetsk that is considered the capital of Siberian metallurgy and a leader in production quality.

Metallurgical plants and largest factories in Russia

The most powerful full-cycle centers are: Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Tagil, Beloretsky, Ashinsky, Chusovskoy, Oskolsky and a number of others. All of them have great development prospects. Their geography, without exaggeration, is enormous.

Non-ferrous metallurgy

This area is occupied with the development and enrichment of ores, participating in their high-quality smelting. According to its characteristics and intended purpose, it is divided into categories: heavy, light and valuable. Its copper smelting centers are almost closed cities, with their own infrastructure and life.

Main areas of non-ferrous metallurgy in Russia

The opening of such areas entirely depends on: the economy, the environment, and raw materials. This is the Urals, which includes factories in Krasnouralsk, Kirovgrad and Mednogorsk, which are always built near production. This improves the quality of production and the turnover of raw materials.

Development of metallurgy in Russia

Development is characterized by high rates and volumes. Therefore, huge Russia is in the lead and is constantly increasing its exports. Our country produces: 6% iron, 12% aluminum, 22% nickel and 28% titanium. Read more about thisIt is reasonable to look at the information in the production tables presented below.

Map of metallurgy in Russia

For convenience and clarity, special maps and atlases have been produced. They can be viewed and ordered on the Internet. They are very colorful and comfortable. The main centers with all divisions are indicated in detail there: copper smelters, places for the extraction of ore and non-ferrous metals, and much more.

Below are maps of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy in Russia.

Factors for locating metallurgical plants in Russia

The fundamental factors influencing the location of plants across the country are literally the following:

  • raw materials;
  • fuel;
  • consumption (this is a detailed table of raw materials, fuel, small and large roads).

Conclusion

Now we know: there is a clear division into ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. This distribution of mining, enrichment and smelting depends directly on the main components: raw materials, fuel and consumption. Our country is a European leader in this area. The three main geographical pillars on which it stands are: the Center, the Urals and Siberia.

The metallurgical complex includes black and non-ferrous metallurgy . Metallurgy in Russia, providing production and scientific and technical development of almost all industries, is based on domestic raw materials, focusing on foreign and Russian consumers. Russia accounts for 14% of the production of commercial iron ore and 10-15% of non-ferrous and rare metals mined in the world.

In terms of production, consumption and foreign trade turnover, ferrous, non-ferrous and rare metals, as well as primary products from them, occupy second place after fuel and energy resources. Iron ores and primary products of ferrous metallurgy, aluminum, nickel, and copper remain important exports of the country. Large metallurgical enterprises are of regional importance. When they arise, a number of interconnected industries are formed - electric power, chemical industry, production building materials, metal-intensive engineering, various related industries and, of course, transport.

Ferrous metallurgy

Ferrous metallurgy serves as the basis for the development of mechanical engineering and metalworking, and its products are used in almost all spheres of the economy. It covers the following stages technological process, such as the extraction, enrichment and agglomeration of ferrous metal ores, the production of refractories, the extraction of non-metallic raw materials, the coking of coal, the production of cast iron, steel and rolled products, ferroalloys, the secondary processing of ferrous metals, etc. But the basis of ferrous metallurgy is the production of cast iron, steel and rolled products.

Russia, along with the USA, Japan, China and Germany, is one of the top five global producers of ferrous metals. In 2004, Russia produced 105 million tons of iron ore, 51.5 million tons of cast iron, 72.4 million tons of steel and 59.6 million tons of finished rolled products.

The territorial organization of ferrous metallurgy is influenced by:

  • concentration of production, in terms of which Russia occupies a leading position in the world - full-cycle metallurgical plants in Lipetsk, Cherepovets, Magnitogorsk, Nizhny Tagil, Novotroitsk, Chelyabinsk and Novokuznetsk produce more than 90% of cast iron and about 89% of Russian steel;
  • production combination, meaning the unification at one enterprise of several interrelated industries of various industries;
  • material intensity of production, providing 85-90% of all costs for smelting cast iron (the production of 1 ton of cast iron requires 1.5 tons of iron and 200 kg of manganese ore, 1.5 tons of coal, over 0.5 tons of fluxes and up to 30 m3 of recycled water) ;
  • high energy intensity, which is higher than in developed countries of the world;
  • high labor intensity at domestic metallurgical enterprises.

The production base of ferrous metallurgy consists of full-cycle enterprises: cast iron - steel - rolled products, as well as factories producing cast iron - steel, steel - rolled products and separately cast iron, steel, rolled products related to conversion metallurgy. Small metallurgy, or the production of steel and rolled products at machine-building plants, mainly from scrap metal, is distinguished.

The factors for locating ferrous metallurgy enterprises are extremely diverse. Full-cycle ferrous metallurgy is located either near sources of raw materials (Ural metallurgical base, metallurgical base of the central regions of the European part), or near fuel resources (West Siberian metallurgical base), or between sources of raw materials and fuel resources (Cherepovets Metallurgical Plant).

Pipe metallurgy enterprises, using mainly scrap metal as raw materials, focus on areas of developed mechanical engineering and places of consumption finished products. Small metallurgy is even more closely connected with machine-building plants.

The production of electric steels and ferroalloys is distinguished by special placement factors. Electric steels are produced near sources of electricity and metal scrap (Elektrostal, Moscow region). Ferroalloys - alloys of iron with alloying metals - are produced in blast furnaces or by electrothermal methods at metallurgical enterprises and specialized plants (Chelyabinsk).

Main factors for locating ferrous metallurgy enterprises*

The natural basis of ferrous metallurgy are sources of metal raw materials and fuel. Russia is well supplied with raw materials for ferrous metallurgy, but iron ores and fuel are distributed unevenly throughout the country.

Russia ranks first in the world in iron ore reserves, of which more than half are concentrated in the European part of the country. The largest iron ore basin is the Kursk magnetic anomaly, located in the Central Black Earth region. The main reserves of KMA iron ores, recognized as the best in the world in terms of quality, are concentrated in the Lebedinskoye, Stoilenskoye, Chernyanskoye, Pogrometskoye, Yakovlevskoye, Gostishchevskoye and Mikhailovskoye deposits. The Kovdorskoye, Olenegorskoye and Kostomuksha fields are exploited on the Kola Peninsula and Karelia. Significant iron ore resources are in the Urals, where deposits (Kachkanarskaya, Tagilo-Kushvinskaya, Bakalskaya and Orsko-Khalilovskaya groups) stretch from north to south parallel to the Ural ridge. Iron ore deposits have been discovered in Western (Gornaya Shoria, Rudny Altai) and Eastern Siberia (Angaro-Pitsky, Angaro-Ilimsky basins). In the Far East, the Aldan iron ore province and the Olekmo-Amgunsky region in Yakutia are promising.

Manganese and chromium reserves in Russia are limited. Manganese deposits are being developed in the Kemerovo (Usinsk) and Sverdlovsk (Polunochnoye) regions, and chromium deposits are being developed in the Perm Territory (Sarany).

The largest producer of cast iron and steel in Russia since the 18th century. The Ural metallurgical base remains, which is the most multifunctional and produces 47% of ferrous metals in the country. It runs on imported fuel - coal from Kuzbass and Karaganda (Kazakhstan) - and ores from the KMA, Kazakhstan (Sokolovsko-Sorbayskiye), and the local Kachkanar deposit. There are full cycle enterprises here (Magnitogorsk, Nizhny Tagil, Chelyabinsk, Novotroitsk), processing plants (Ekaterinburg, Izhevsk, Zlatoust, Lysva, Serov, Chusovoy), for the production of blast furnace ferroalloys (Serov, Chelyabinsk), for the production of rolled pipes (Pervouralsk, Kamensk-Uralsky , Chelyabinsk, Seversk). This is the only region in the country where naturally alloyed metals (Novotroitsk, Verkhniy Ufaley) and cast iron are smelted using charcoal. On the eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains there are full-cycle enterprises, and on the western slopes there are processing metallurgy enterprises.

The second most important is the Central Metallurgical Base, covering the Central Black Earth, Central, Volga-Vyatka, Northern, Northwestern economic regions, as well as the Upper and Middle Volga regions. It runs entirely on imported fuel (Donetsk, Pechora coals), its core is the KMA TPK.

A number of major enterprises and production facilities are located on the territory of the Central Metallurgical Base. In the Central Black Earth Region, iron and blast furnace ferroalloys are smelted (Lipetsk), the Novolipetsk full-cycle plant is located, and the only electrometallurgical plant in Russia is located in Stary Oskol. IN Central region There is a full-cycle Novotulsky plant, a plant for smelting foundry cast iron and blast furnace ferroalloys (Tula), the Oryol steel rolling plant, the Moscow processing plant “Sickle and Hammer”, and the Elektrostal plant. The Cherepovets plant, located in the Northern region, uses iron ores from the Kola Peninsula and coal from Pechora. The Vyksa and Kulebak metallurgical plants are located in the Volga-Vyatka region. In the Upper and Middle Volga regions, pigment metallurgy is developing in all machine-building centers - Naberezhnye Chelny, Tolyatti, Ulyanovsk. Engelse et al.

A new Siberian metallurgical base is being formed in Siberia and the Far East. The raw materials are the ores of Gornaya Shoria, Khakassia and the Angara-Ilimsk basin, the fuel is coal from Kuzbass. Full cycle production is represented in Novokuznetsk (Kuznetsk and West Siberian metallurgical plants). There is also a plant for the production of ferroalloys, and processing plants in Novosibirsk, Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky, Guryevsk, Krasnoyarsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

In the Far East, ferrous metallurgy will develop towards the creation of full-cycle plants based on the Yakut coal deposits and iron ore deposits of the Aldan province, which would meet the region's needs for metal and eliminate the costly transportation of millions of tons of metal.

IN last years There is a process of intensive reconstruction and technical re-equipment of the industry. However, so far the Russian ferrous metallurgy in technical and technological terms is significantly inferior to similar industries in developed countries. We still have an outdated technology for open-hearth steel production, a poor range of rolled products, and a low share of high-quality metal grades.

Non-ferrous metallurgy

Non-ferrous metallurgy specializes in the extraction, beneficiation, metallurgical processing of ores of non-ferrous, noble and rare metals, as well as the extraction of diamonds. It includes the following industries: copper, lead-zinc, nickel-cobalt, aluminum, titanium-magnesium, tungsten-molybdenum, precious metals, hard alloys, rare metals, etc.

Non-ferrous metallurgy in Russia is developing based on the use of its own large and diverse resources and ranks second in the world in terms of product output after the United States. Over 70 different metals and elements are produced in Russia. Non-ferrous metallurgy in Russia consists of 47 mining enterprises, of which 22 are related to the aluminum industry. The regions with the most favorable situation in the non-ferrous metallurgy industry include: Krasnoyarsk region, Chelyabinsk and Murmansk regions, where non-ferrous metallurgy accounts for 2/5 of industrial production.

The industry is characterized by a high concentration of production: JSC Norilsk Nickel produces over 40% of platinum group metals, processes more than 70% of Russian copper and controls almost 35% of the world's nickel reserves. Plus it's environmentally friendly harmful production— in terms of the degree of pollution of the atmosphere, water sources and soil, non-ferrous metallurgy surpasses all other branches of the mining industry. The industry is also characterized by the highest costs associated with fuel consumption and transportation.

Due to the variety of raw materials used and the widespread use of industry products in modern industry, non-ferrous metallurgy is characterized by a complex structure. The technological process of obtaining metal from ore is divided into extraction and enrichment of feedstock, metallurgical processing and processing of non-ferrous metals. The uniqueness of the resource base lies in the extremely low content of extractable metal in the ore: copper in the ores is 1-5%, lead-zinc ores contain 1.6-5.5% lead, 4-6% zinc, up to 1% copper. Therefore, only enriched concentrates containing 35-70% metal enter the metallurgical process. Obtaining concentrates of non-ferrous metal ores makes it possible to transport them over long distances and thereby territorially separate the processes of extraction, enrichment and direct metallurgical processing, which is characterized by increased energy intensity and is located in areas of cheap raw materials and fuel.

Non-ferrous metal ores have a multi-component composition, and many “companions” are significantly more valuable than the main components. Therefore, in non-ferrous metallurgy, the integrated use of raw materials and industrial intra-industry combination is of great importance. The diverse use of raw materials and the disposal of industrial waste lead to the emergence of entire complexes around non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises: the production of lead and zinc releases sulfur dioxide, which is used to produce nitrogen fertilizers (non-ferrous metallurgy and basic chemistry); the processing of nephelines also produces soda, potash, and cement ( non-ferrous metallurgy, basic chemistry and building materials industry).

The main factors for the location of non-ferrous metallurgy have different impacts on territorial organization industries and even within the same technological process. Nevertheless, with an extremely diverse set of factors for the location of the main branches of non-ferrous metallurgy, what is common is their pronounced raw material orientation.

The aluminum industry uses bauxites as raw materials, deposits of which are located in the North-West (Boksitogorsk), the North (Iksinskoye, Timsherskoye), the Urals (North-Uralskoye, Kamensk-Uralskoye), in Eastern Siberia (Nizhne-Angarskoye), as well as nephelines of the North (Khibinskoye) and Western Siberia (Kiya-Shaltyrskoye). Due to the shortage of high-quality aluminum raw materials, up to 3 million tons of alumina from bauxite are imported into Russia annually.

The process of obtaining aluminum includes: the extraction of raw materials, the production of intermediate alumina, which are associated with sources of raw materials (Boksitogorsk, Volkhov, Pikalevo, Krasnoturinsk, Kamensk-Uralsky, Achinsk), and the production of metallic aluminum, which gravitates towards sources of mass and cheap energy, mainly powerful hydroelectric power stations — Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk, Shelekhov, Volgograd, Volkhov, Nadvoitsy, Kandalaksha.

The copper industry is one of the oldest industries non-ferrous metallurgy in Russia, the development of which began in the 16th century. in the Urals. Copper production includes three stages: mining and beneficiation of ores, blister copper smelting and refined copper smelting. Due to the low metal content of the ore, the copper industry survived mainly in mining areas. Numerous deposits are being developed in the Urals (Gaiskoye, Blavinskoye, Krasnouralskoye, Revda, Sibay, Yubileynoye), but the metallurgical processing significantly exceeds mining and enrichment, and due to the lack of its own raw materials, imported concentrates from Kazakhstan and the Kola Peninsula are used. There are 10 copper smelting plants (Krasnouralsk, Kirovgrad, Sredneuralsk, Mednogorsk, etc.) and refining plants (Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Kyshtym).

Main factors for the location of non-ferrous metallurgy production*

Other regions include the North (Monchegorsk) and Eastern Siberia (Norilsk). In the Trans-Baikal Territory, preparations are underway for the start of industrial development of the Udokan deposit (the third largest in the world in terms of proven reserves). Copper refining and rolling in Moscow arose based on the use of copper scrap.

The lead-zinc industry is based on the use of polymetallic ores, and its location is characterized by a territorial separation of individual stages of the technological process. Obtaining ore concentrates with a metal content of 60-70% makes their transportation over long distances profitable. To obtain lead metal, a relatively small amount of fuel is required compared to zinc processing. In general, the lead-zinc industry gravitates toward deposits of polymetallic ores, which are located in the North Caucasus (Sadon), Western (Salair) and Eastern Siberia (Nerchinsk plant, Khapcheranga), and the Far East (Dalnegorsk). In the Urals, zinc is found in copper ores. Zinc concentrates are produced in Sredneuralsk, and metallic zinc is produced from imported concentrates in Chelyabinsk. Complete metallurgical processing is presented in Vladikavkaz ( North Caucasus). In Belovo (Western Siberia) lead concentrates are obtained and zinc is smelted; in Nerchensk (Eastern Siberia) lead and zinc concentrates are produced. Some of the lead comes from Kazakhstan.

The nickel-cobalt industry is closely connected with sources of raw materials due to the low metal content in ores (0.2-0.3%), the complexity of their processing, high fuel consumption, multi-stage process and the need for complex use of raw materials. On the territory of Russia, deposits of the Kola Peninsula (Monchegorsk, Pechenga-Nickel), Norilsk (Talnakh) and the Urals (Rezhskoye, Ufaleyskoye, Orskoye) are being developed.

Largest enterprises industries - Norilsk full-cycle plant, producing nickel, cobalt, copper, rare metals; factories in Nikel and Zapolyarny; ore mining and beneficiation; Severonickel plant (Monchegorsk), producing nickel, cobalt, platinum, copper.

The tin industry is distinguished by the territorial separation of the stages of the technological process. The extraction and production of concentrates is carried out in the Far East (Ese-Khaya, Pevek, Kavalerovo, Solnechnoye, Deputatskoye, Yagodnoye, especially large ones - Pravourminskoye, Sobolinoye, Odinokoye) and in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Sherlovaya Gora). The metallurgical process is focused on areas of consumption or is located along the route of concentrates (Novosibirsk, Ural).

Further development of the Russian metallurgical complex should go in the direction of improving the quality of final types of metal products, reducing production costs and implementing resource-saving policies that increase its competitiveness.

Ferrous metallurgy includes the extraction of non-metallic raw materials (refractory clays, fluxes, etc.), coke production, production of cast iron, steel, rolled metal, ferrous metal powders, blast furnace ferroalloys, secondary processing of ferrous metals (cutting scrap and ferrous metal waste).

Ferrous metallurgy enterprises can have a full cycle (production of cast iron, steel and rolled products), belong to pigment metallurgy (only steel and rolled products, without the production of cast iron) or small metallurgy (machine-building plants producing steel and rolled products).

Ferrous metallurgy enterprises are located close to sources of raw materials. Metallurgical plants producing iron and steel are located near iron ore deposits. During their construction, the availability of electricity is taken into account, natural gas and water.

The largest steel production companies in Russia are Severstal, NLMK Group, MMK Group, Evraz, Metalloinvest, Mechel, OMK.

The largest pipe production companies are TMK Group, ChTPZ Group, Severstal, OMK, Uralsky pipe plant.

Central part.

Sources of ore: Kachkanar deposits, Kursk magnetic anomaly, Kustanai deposits (Kazakhstan).

The largest full-cycle enterprises: Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, Chelyabinsk Iron and Steel Works (Mechel), Nizhny Tagil Iron and Steel Works (Evraz), Ural Steel Works (Novotroitsk, Metalloinvest), Beloretsk Iron and Steel Works (Mechel), Ashinsky Metallurgical Plant, Nadezhda Metallurgical Plant (Serov, UMMC-Steel), Chusovsky Metallurgical Plant (OMK).

The largest processing metallurgy enterprises: VIZ-Steel (Ekaterinburg, NLMK Group), Izhstal (Izhevsk, Mechel), Chelyabinsk Pipe Rolling Plant (ChTPZ Group), Pervouralsk New Pipe Plant (ChTPZ Group), Seversky Pipe Plant ( TMK Group), Sinarsky Pipe Plant (TMK Group), Chelyabinsk Ferroalloy Plant (the largest in Russia in the production of ferroalloys), Serov Ferroalloy Plant, Ural Pipe Plant (Pervouralsk), Zlatoust Metallurgical Plant, NLMK-Ural (NLMK Group).

Central metallurgical base

Ore sources: Kursk magnetic anomaly, deposits of the Kola Peninsula.

The largest full-cycle enterprises: Cherepovets Iron and Steel Works (Severstal), Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works (Lipetsk, NLMK Group), Kosogorsk Metallurgical Plant (Tula), Oskol Electrometallurgical Plant (Stary Oskol, Metalloinvest).

The largest processing metallurgy enterprises: Cherepovets Steel-Rolling Plant (Severstal), Oryol Steel-Rolling Plant (Severstal), Izhora Pipe Plant (St. Petersburg, Severstal), Vyksa Metallurgical Plant (OMK), Metallurgical Plant "Electrostal" (Elektrostal).

Siberian metallurgical base

Sources of ore: deposits of Gornaya Shoria, Abakan deposits, Angaro-Ilim deposits.

The largest full-cycle enterprises: United West Siberian Metallurgical Plant (Novokuznetsk, Evraz), Novokuznetsk Ferroalloy Plant. The largest enterprise in the metallurgy industry is the Novosibirsk Metallurgical Plant named after Kuzmin.

Non-ferrous metallurgy

Non-ferrous metallurgy includes the extraction and beneficiation of non-ferrous metal ores, smelting of non-ferrous metals and their alloys: heavy (copper, zinc, lead, nickel, tin) and light (aluminum, magnesium, titanium).

Enterprises for the production of heavy non-ferrous metals are located near sources of ore, since they do not require a large amount of energy. Enterprises producing light non-ferrous metals are located near sources of cheap energy.

Aluminum

Almost all Russian aluminum production capacities are concentrated in the RUSAL holding. Largest enterprises: Bratsk aluminum smelter, Krasnoyarsk aluminum smelter, Boguchansky aluminum smelter (under construction), Irkutsk aluminum smelter, Sayanogorsk and Khakass aluminum smelters, Novokuznetsk aluminum smelter, Volgograd aluminum smelter, Kandalaksha aluminum smelter, Achinsk alumina smelter, Boguslavsky aluminum smelter, Ural aluminum smelter plant, Boksitogorsk alumina refinery.

Not included in RUSAL: Kamensk-Ural Metallurgical Plant, Stupino Metallurgical Company, Samara Metallurgical Plant (Arkonik SMZ).

Copper, zinc and lead

The production of metals in this group is mainly divided between two holdings: the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company (UMMC) and the Russian Copper Company.

UMMC enterprises: Mednogorsk copper-sulfur plant, Svyatogor (formerly Kirovgrad copper smelter), Sredneuralsky copper smelter, Uralelectromed, Safyanovskaya copper, Chelyabinsk zinc plant, Electrozinc plant, Buribaevsky GOK, Gaisky GOK, Uchalinsky GOK.

Enterprises of the Russian Copper Company: Karabashmed, Kyshtym Copper Electrolyte Plant, Novgorod Metallurgical Plant, Uralhydromed, Ormet.

Independent enterprises: Ryaztsvetmet, Dalpolimetal, Novoangarsky processing plant and Gorevsky GOK.

Nickel and cobalt

The owner of all existing Russian capacities for the production of these metals is the Norilsk Nickel company. Its enterprises are located in Norilsk and in the Murmansk region (Monchegorsk, Zapolyarny and the village of Nikel). Norilsk Nickel also produces more than half of Russian copper.

Other metals

Titanium, magnesium, rare metals. VSMPO-AVISMA Corporation, Solikamsk Magnesium Plant, Lovozero Mining and Processing Plant.

Tungsten and molybdenum. Soyuzmetallresurs company: Sorsk ferromolybdenum plant, Zhirekensky ferromolybdenum plant, Sorsk and Zhirekensky GOKs. "Tungsten Company": Hydrometallurgist, Unecha Refractory Metals Plant. Kirovgrad Hard Alloy Plant, Lermontovsky Mining and Processing Plant, Primorsky Mining and Processing Plant, Novoorlovsky Mining and Processing Plant, Tyrnyauzskoye and Zabytoe deposits.

Tin. Rusolovo (Seligdar holding): Pravourmiyskoye deposit, assets of the former Solnechny GOK. Novosibirsk Tin Plant.

Mining of gold, silver and platinum

The largest gold and silver mining companies in Russia: Polyus Gold, Petropavlovsk Group of Companies, Polymetal, Chukotka GGK (owned by the Canadian Kinross), Nordgold N.V., Highland Gold Mining, Yuzhuralzoloto, Vysochaishy, ​​Sovrudnik , “Susumanzoloto”, “Seligdar”, “Russian Platinum”, “Atomredmedzoloto”.

The largest platinum producers are Norilsk Nickel and Russian Platinum.

The following types of production in the metallurgical complex are distinguished: Full cycle production, which are represented, as a rule, by plants in which all the mentioned stages of the technological process operate simultaneously. Production incomplete cycle- these are enterprises in which not all stages of the technological process are carried out, for example, in ferrous metallurgy, only steel and rolled products are produced, but there is no production of cast iron, or only rolled products are produced. The incomplete cycle also includes electrothermy of ferroalloys, electrometallurgy, etc. Incomplete cycle enterprises, or “small metallurgy” are called conversion enterprises, are presented in the form of separate divisions for the production of foundry iron, steel or rolled products as part of large machine-building enterprises countries.

Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (MMK), "Magnitka" metallurgical plant in the city of Magnitogorsk Chelyabinsk region. One of the largest metallurgical plants in the CIS, the largest in Russia. Full name -- Open Joint-Stock Company Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works.

The plant is a metallurgical complex with a full production cycle, starting with the preparation of iron ore raw materials and ending with the deep processing of ferrous metals. The total area of ​​the plant is 11834.9 hectares.

The raw material base is provided by a mine in the city of Bakal, as well as (in the future) by the development of the Prioskol iron ore deposit. Compared to its main Russian competitors (Evraz, Severstal, NLMK, Mechel), MMK is poorly supplied with basic raw materials own production: iron ore raw materials are purchased mainly in Kazakhstan (SSGOPO), coking coals - including from the Mechel group. In order to develop its own raw material base, in 2006, a license for the development of the Prioskol deposit (Belgorod region) was purchased for 630 million rubles. Plans to build a mining and processing plant and develop the deposit (a project totaling more than $3 billion) were postponed indefinitely at the end of 2008 due to a shortage of financial resources as a result of falling demand and prices for steel.

MMK production indicators for 2008:

  • · steel production for 12 months of 2008 - 12 million tons;
  • · production of commercial metal products - 11 million tons.

Revenue in 2008 - 226 billion rubles. (growth by 19%, 190 billion in 2007). Profit from sales - 54 billion rubles. (51 billion rubles for 2007). Net profit in 2008 - 10 billion rubles.

The plant's revenue according to US GAAP for 2007 amounted to $8.197 billion (for 2006 - $6.424 billion), operating profit - $2.079 billion (an increase of 17.8%), net profit-- $1.772 billion ($1.426 billion in 2006)

Nizhny Tagil Metallurgical Plant named after. V. I. Lenin (abbreviation - NTMK; formerly Novo-Tagil Metallurgical Plant, NTMZ) - a city-forming enterprise in Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk region, one of the largest metallurgical complexes in Russia. The first cast iron was produced at the Novo-Tagil Metallurgical Plant on June 25, 1940 - this date is considered the birthday of the enterprise.

Currently, NTMK includes mining, sintering, coke, refractory, blast furnace, steelmaking, and rolling production.

The plant operates the only universal beam mill in Russia and the CIS for the production of wide-flange beams and column profiles with profile heights from 150 to 1000 mm. The mill's capacity is 1.5 million tons/year.

The company produces vanadium cast iron and vanadium slag (raw materials for the extraction of vanadium). Rolled metal products are produced for railway transport-- in particular, all the main profiles for railcar construction. The plant supplies billets for pipe rolling production and structural metal products for mechanical engineering.

At the beginning of 2008, the company began producing new grades of steel that can be used in the production of large-diameter pipes for gas mains.

The main ore base of the plant is the Kachkanar deposit.

Revenue for January-September 2008 (RAS) - 98.626 billion rubles. (an increase of 34% compared to 2007), net profit - 30.622 billion rubles. (increase by 1.7 times).

West Siberian Metallurgical Plant (Zapsib) is one of the largest metallurgical complexes former USSR. According to all main technical and economic indicators, OJSC "West Siberian Metallurgical Plant" is one of the best metallurgical enterprises in Russia and is one of largest producers rolled metal construction and engineering assortment in Russia. ZSMK is the largest steel producer in Siberia. Production facilities include a coke plant, a sinter plant, a steel foundry, three blast furnaces, a blooming plant, a continuous casting machine and four rolling mills. West Siberian Metallurgical Plant is one of the most modern enterprises country, is located on an area of ​​3000 hectares, 25 km from Novokuznetsk. Successful work three blast furnaces with a total useful volume of 8000 m3 are provided with the products of sinter-lime production - permanent sinter chemical composition and increased strength. In terms of technical, construction and architectural solutions, Zapsib's steel rolling production is one of the best enterprises in Russia. The technology of copper plating of welding wire developed here made it possible to provide high level product quality, reduce the labor intensity of the wire production process, improve the environmental situation at the plant, reducing the quantity by 1.5 times Wastewater. Reliable and uninterrupted operation of the main production workshops of Zapsib is ensured by a technically equipped repair base, powerful energy facilities, railway and by car, specialized laboratories for the analysis of raw materials, materials and the quality of finished products. The total length of railway tracks at the plant is 400 km, road tracks are about 150 km, and conveyor tracks are 90 km. The annual freight turnover by rail is 60 million tons, the volume road transport- 20 million tons per year. In 2005, Zapsib produced 4.6 million tons of cast iron, 5.7 million tons of steel, 5.0 million tons of rolled products. ZSMK specializes in the production of long products for the construction industry and mechanical engineering, casting iron and steel, coke products, production of non-hardened wire, frost-resistant reinforcement for reinforced concrete and electrodes. Trading House EvrazHolding sells products produced by OJSC West Siberian Metallurgical Plant. Among dealers trading house: CJSC "Steel Industry Company", CJSC "Troika Steel Company", LLC "Nordkom", OJSC "Comtech" and others.

Volgograd Metallurgical Plant "Red October" is one of the largest producers of rolled metal of special steel grades in Russia, a partial-cycle plant.

The plant received its current structure and final specialization in the post-war period. Basic production capacity were launched in the 50-70s. By 1986, the plant had a production potential capable of producing 2 million tons of steel and 1.5 million tons of rolled steel per year. Its share accounted for 12% of the production of high-quality steels in the country, including stainless steels - 14%, electroslag remelted steel - 52%. The plant's assortment included 500 grades of steel produced according to the standards of the Russian Federation, Germany, the USA, and Japan.

The plant was awarded the Order of Lenin (1939) and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1948); in 1985, VSW "Red October" was awarded the Order " Patriotic War» 1st degree for services to the provision of the Soviet Army and Navy during the Second World War.

After corporatization, the company survived several owners, including arbitration management in 1998-1999. On October 16, 2003, Midland Resources Holding LTD (the largest shareholder of the Ukrainian metallurgical plant Zaporizhstal), in partnership with entrepreneur Igor Shamis, acquired 100 percent of the shares of the Volgograd Metallurgical Plant “Red October” group of companies.

Today, the Krasny Oktyabr VSW is undergoing a large-scale reconstruction, the purpose of which is to expand the production of special-purpose alloy steels. In September 2003, the plant produced 37,582 tons of steel, and in September 2004 this figure was 55,558 tons. The number of steel grades produced currently amounts to more than 600 types. The number of employees at the enterprise exceeds 7 thousand people.

Enterprises without iron smelting are classified as so-called pigment metallurgy.

Particle metallurgy focuses mainly on sources of secondary raw materials (waste from metallurgical production, waste from consumed rolled products, depreciation scrap) and on places of consumption of finished products, since greatest number metal scrap accumulates in areas of developed mechanical engineering. “Small metallurgy” interacts even more closely with mechanical engineering. The production of ferroalloys and electric steels is distinguished by special features of the location. Ferroalloys - alloys of iron with alloying metals (manganese, chromium, tungsten, silicon, etc.), without which the development of high-quality metallurgy is generally unthinkable - are produced in blast furnaces and electrometallurgically. In the first case, the production of ferroalloys is carried out at full-cycle metallurgical enterprises, as well as with two (cast iron - steel) or one (cast iron) processing stages, in the second - their production is represented by specialized plants.