DESCRIPTION FROM%7

Union Sbvetbkiz

Socialist

Republics

Auto dependent. certificate no.

Declared 03L 11.1965 (No. 1015052/28-13) with attachment of Application No.

Committee for Inventions and Discoveries under the Council of Ministers

UDC 664.2.037.2.05 (088.8) DEVICE FOR TRAPING STARCH AND CLEANING

FROM WASTEWATER OF POTATO PEELERS OF THE PERIODIC

ACTIONS

Known devices for capturing cleanings and starch from the wastewater of potato peelers, consisting of a filter tank with a mesh bottom and a starch settler.

To obtain purer starch by preliminary draining of contaminated water, a device is proposed that has a drain tank with a tray with a float hinged on its wall, directly under the outlet pipe of the potato peeler. In the drain tank, there is a hole equipped with a plug, which is connected with a lever installed on the potato peeler by means of a rod. The device also contains a starch settler, on the front of which baffles are installed to improve the conditions for starch settling.

The proposed device is shown in the drawing. It consists of a standard potato peeler 1, a drain tank 2, a tray 8, a filter tank 4 and a starch trap 5. The drain tank 2 is equipped with a bottom plug b, opened manually or using a lever mechanism consisting of a rod 7 and a lever 8 with hinges. The hinged support of the lever 8 is mounted on the lid of the potato peeler 1. The lever 8 has a platform 9, which is installed on the path of the vegetables. Tray 8 is pivotally mounted on the wall of the drain tank 2 and is equipped with a float 10. The bottom and steps of the filter tank 4 are made with filter holes or in the form of a filter mesh (not shown in the drawing).

Starch trap 5 installed under

5 filtering capacity 4 and has a sectional bottom. for example, in the form of a spiral 11, with transverse partitions 12.

The proposed device works as follows. Rinsing water (during operation

10 potato peeler), containing contaminated vegetable waste, through tray 8 enters drain tank 2. As drain tank 2 is filled, tray 8 floats up under the action of float 10 until the drain is directed to filter tank 4. From filter tank 4 , retaining vegetable waste, wash water containing starch in suspension is drained into starch trap 5. The sectioned bottom of the starch trap retains starch, reducing its entrainment with wash water into the sewer.

Under the action of vegetables re-loaded into the potato peeler, platform 9 descends and

25, using the lever 8 and the rod 7, opens the plug b. Vegetable waste is drained from the drain tank. At the end of the loading platform 9 under the action of the weight of the plug 6 and traction

7 returns to its original position. Dnako meter of the drain hole closed by the samples Subject of the invention D 7772) 7

Compiled by Salpgiovskaya

Techred L. Brikker

Editor T. Larina

Proofreaders: T. V. Mullina and S. M. Belugina

Order 3755 17 Circulation 525 Format paper. 60 90 /a Volume 0.1b bzd. l. Signed=

TsNIIP11 Committee on Affairs.", and::oup teppy and î.t(9ûgii i:ðI1 Sopege.11i!!petrov SSSR.11oskpa, Center, 1lp. Serova, 4

T ((poography, pr. Sa: 1uiova, 2 b, is chosen so that OOec1.sleep a complete drain of waste from the drain tank! 2 "end time" -. load carto: .. 1 sls! source. Cork b CAN OTI (j)blIIQTb Вр!7chl!y10.

The switching time for draining the wash water into a clean filter tank 4 is controlled by choosing the volume of the drain tank 2 and changing the flow rate of the wash water during the operation of the potato peeler so that only clean vegetable waste enters the filter tank 4;

1. A device for capturing! Ivan!! I starch and 15 cleanings from wastewater from potato peelers of periodic action, including a filter!

Oshyu 0mkost and installed under it starch (with oh peak, Og. 111chpyu1v all because, with the goal!:! equipped with a drain tank hinged on its steppe, directly under the outlet pipe of the potato-! pstka, a tray with a float, and the bottom of the drain tank has a hole provided! , the other end of which is dis-!

Tolozhep inside the potato peeler.

2. Device for and. 1, differing in that, yy, with the goal (yao of improving the conditions for starch sludge (! la, and starch sump installed verg lêÿë (, I!.Iå partitions.

Similar patents:

The invention relates to corn starch production, and in particular to methods for processing corn extract formed during the processing of corn into starch at the stage of its soaking, which is a by-product of starch production. The method for purification and concentration of corn extract includes the stages of fine purification, sterilization, preliminary concentration and additional concentration. Purification of the extract is carried out on microfiltration membranes with a pore diameter of 0.2 and 0.45 μm or large-pore ultrafiltration membranes with a molecular weight rating of 150-170 kDa. Deep concentration to a concentration of 25-30% SV is carried out on highly selective reverse osmosis membranes with a selectivity of 99.5-99.8% at a pressure of up to 100 MPa. The final concentration to a content of 55-65% CB is carried out on a vacuum evaporator. The proposed method for cleaning and concentrating corn extract has a high degree of chemical and microbiological purity and low production costs. 2 tab., 1 ill.

With a decrease in water consumption, wastewater entering the treatment plant almost always has an increased amount of pollution, since with an unchanged technological process, the total amount of pollution in wastewater remains constant. This circumstance can complicate the work of treatment facilities, especially with the biological method of wastewater treatment. To reduce the concentration of contaminants, it is advisable to provide for their partial removal at local treatment plants, as well as the possibility of subsequent disposal.

In the construction of new and reconstruction of existing industrial enterprises, the introduction of new technological processes and the development of circulating water supply systems instead of direct-flow ones are of great importance. So, for example, with a direct-flow system for the production of 1 ton of high-quality pulp, 350 ... 400 m 3 of water is required, and with a reverse system - 150 ... 200 m 3.

The systems of circulating water supply are most widely used in the presence of wastewater that has only thermal pollution. In this case, these waters pass through cooling facilities (cooling towers, spray ponds, ponds) and are fed back into production. During the wet beneficiation of ores and hydroash removal, the waters are polluted and must be settled before reuse. Recently, circulating water supply has been introduced in almost all cooling systems. Experience in the operation of such systems shows that the reuse of waste water is more economical than the development of new sources of water supply. Of great importance is also the scientific substantiation of water consumption rates per unit of finished product or raw materials used.

Significant water savings and reduced loss of valuable products are achieved as a result of replacing water cooling with air . The use of air coolers at refineries can reduce water consumption for production purposes by 3...5 times.

It is possible to reduce water consumption at metallurgical enterprises when replacing a steam drive in oxygen and steam-air stations electric , as well as when replacing water cleaning in the gas cleaning of the blast furnace and steel-smelting shops with air cleaning. It is advisable to use air cooling at chemical industry enterprises in the production of caprolactam, ammonia, etc. To reduce water consumption at metallurgical plants and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, it is very promising to use evaporative cooling . It should also be taken into account that the amount of steam leaving the evaporative cooling units is quite sufficient for the needs of the technological process, as well as heating, ventilation and hot water supply of the enterprise.

The use of air coolers minimizes the need for cooling water. In addition, air-cooled units are more reliable than water-cooled units.

One of the ways to dispose of industrial wastewater is to use it in agriculture for irrigation needs. Naturally, it is not advisable to use wastewater with predominantly mineral pollution for irrigation, since their fertilizer value is low, and the content of toxic substances or salts in them negatively affects the vital activity of soil microflora. In addition, these substances destroy the soil structure. Wastewater containing organic matter can be used for irrigation independently, as well as together with domestic wastewater after preliminary mechanical treatment. The most suitable for irrigation are wastewater from some food industries (Table 4.3), chemical and light industries. It is advisable to use for the purpose of irrigation of wastewater from enterprises producing mineral fertilizers, nitric acid, etc.

Wastewater that is hazardous in terms of sanitary indicators (for example, from tanneries) is prohibited from being used for irrigation. Waters with a high concentration of organic impurities from yeast and starch factories must be diluted before use, and from distilleries must be treated with lime.

Irrigation rates depend on many factors: the concentration of wastewater, the type of crops grown, climatic conditions, soil type. The use of industrial wastewater in irrigation fields must be agreed with the bodies of the State Sanitary Supervision. The main requirement for industrial wastewater intended for irrigation is to exclude the possibility of their harmful effects on soil, groundwater, cultivated crops, as well as on human health.

Table 4.3

Enterprises	Fertilizers, g per 1 m 3 of water
	Nitrogen total	potassium oxide	Phosphoric anhydride
Sugar factories
Dairy plants
starch plants
Slaughterhouses and meat packing plants
yeast plants
fruit and vegetable factories

Very promising for irrigation of agricultural crops is waste water from starch plants, which can be used in all soil and climatic zones; at the same time, wastewater from the production of potato starch has the greatest fertilizer value.

Due to the high content of nutrients in these waters, soil fertility and crop yields increase (the yield of corn and perennial grasses increases by 2–3 times when irrigated).

Waste water from sugar factories has a lower fertilizer value. Their use is expedient (after preliminary clarification) for irrigation of chernozem soils. When wastewater is used for irrigation, a significant part of the area of ​​filtration fields, where wastewater from sugar factories was previously treated, can be returned to agricultural land use.

Of interest is also the use of distillery stillage, which is formed in the production of alcohols based on vegetable raw materials, as an additive in livestock feed. In this regard, it is advisable to locate livestock farms in the immediate vicinity of the industrial facility.

An effective way to reduce the pollution of industrial wastewater is to extract valuable substances from them that enter wastewater in the form of waste during the production process. The extraction of valuable substances is carried out either in the workshops immediately after the wastewater exits from the process apparatus, or in the shop floor local installations. As a rule, valuable substances are extracted from wastewater not only to reduce the concentration of contaminants, but also for their disposal.

Oil and oil products are extracted and utilized from the wastewater of oil refineries and oil producing plants, and cellulose fiber is extracted and utilized from the wastewater of pulp and paper mills. In sulfate pulp production, after pulping, strong liquors are regenerated; sulphite cellulose liquors are used to produce alcohol and yeast. Wool fat is extracted from the wastewater of primary wool processing factories (WTP), which is used to make lanolin, a valuable product used in medical, electronic, perfumery and other industries.

In mechanical wastewater treatment plants from the production of mineral pigments, almost pure pigment is retained.

In order to remove hydrogen sulfide from drainage waters of looped wells and waters of intrapit drainage of mining and chemical plants, a physicochemical method of purification can be applied, followed by aeration in degassing scrubbers (at a hydrogen sulfide concentration of 50 ... 100 mg / l). The released hydrogen sulfide is used to produce sulfur paste.

For the neutralization of sulphurous-alkaline wastewater from oil refineries, it is recommended to carbonize them with carbon dioxide contained in flue gases to obtain a soda ash solution. The electrolysis method can also be used, in which the alkali is regenerated.

Wastewater treatment of viscose fiber factories involves the use of regenerative methods to return zinc to production.

Tanneries are designing installations for the extraction and recycling of chromium and wool.

Methods for extracting valuable impurities from industrial wastewater can be different, and their use is justified by many factors.

Chemical and physico-chemical methods are used to extract heavy metals. During the production of photographic and film materials, waters are formed, in which the silver content is 20 ... 70 mg / l. In the local installation for the regeneration of silver, wastewater is collected in a tank, from which it is pumped into a tank and heated with live steam to a temperature of 35 ... 45 ° C. A 10% solution of ferrous sulfate is fed into the same container. Then the water flows by gravity into the reactor, in which, at pH = 9.2…10.2, a precipitate containing silver is formed. Together with water, the sediment enters the sump, from where it is pumped to the dryer by a pump. In dried form, the sediment is sent to the plant, where it is disposed of. Water freed from silver is sent from the sump to treatment facilities. During the year, the installation processes 25 thousand m 3 of water containing silver, and utilizes about 500 kg of silver.

In the production of potassium nitrate, the waste is brine with a sodium chloride content of 220 ... sodium chloride, 40% which is produced in the form of chemical products of reactive purity.

Thus, wastewater from industrial enterprises are complex aqueous solutions. Their processing methods, ways of using and the possibility of disposal of the valuable substances contained in them must be justified taking into account the production technology, economic factors, sanitary requirements and local conditions.

Bacti - Bio 9500 (Bacti Bio 9500) is a granulated bacterial concentrate for the complete and intensive decomposition of organic matter and sediments.

APPLICATION:

Wastewater treatment systems - septic tanks, sand traps, sludge tanks, wastewater treatment plants sewerage networks and sanitary systems - sinks, toilets commercial establishments - restaurants, bistros, canteens, shops

DESCRIPTION:

Bacti-Bio 9500 is a powder concentrate designed to degrade a wide range of substrates. Numerous microbial strains of Bacti-Bio 9500 are non-cultivated and non-pathogenic. Selected strains are active enzyme producers: amylases (starch degradation), proteases (protein degradation), cellulases (cellulose degradation), keratinases (keratin degradation), lipases (oils and fats degradation), etc. Several cultures synthesize biological surfactants .

CHARACTERISTICS:
Bacti-Bio 9500 is a white powder. pH range from 6.0 to 9.0 with an optimum of 7.5. The most effective temperature range is from 25oC. up to 55oC (77oF - 131oF) with optimum temperature around 30oC. Bacti-Bio 9500 also contains biodegradable surfactants that aid the cleaning process. Bacti-Bio 9500 contains at least 2 billion cells per gram.

BENEFITS:
Rapid and deep action due to the combined action of bacteria, enzymes and nutrients. Complete removal of fats and other organic deposits from sewer networks and sewage treatment plants. Quick launch of treatment facilities. Allows cleaning systems to work better and longer without maintenance. Keeps sewers clean. Controls gas emission (eliminates unpleasant smells). Long independent existence in cleaning systems.
Non-toxic and safe in contact with skin. Fats and organics

STANDARD DOSAGE

Dose of biological product Bacti-Bio 9500 (ratio 1:100) 5-7 min. dissolved in a bucket of warm water (+30 + 40°C) and kept for 10-15 minutes. to reactivate bacteria. After that, the contents are poured into the processed system.

1. Septic tanks, sand traps, rainfall tanks. Application of the first dose: 50 g/m3 is applied directly to the container. Regular maintenance: 6 g per 1 m3 of the volume of the septic chamber once every two weeks. We recommend injecting the biological product more often or increasing the dose if an unpleasant odor appears or the sediment is not sufficiently decomposed.

2. Sewer networks. In order to avoid clogging and unpleasant odors, it is necessary to inject 1 dose (50 g) into 3 drains of the sewer network. Repeat the treatment after a month. In the future, apply as the clogging of sewer pipes.

3. Commercial enterprises. Dosage for serving commercial establishments is determined based on the number of meals: up to 250 meals/day 50 g/month, 250 - 500 meals/day 100 g/month, more than 500 meals/day 150 g/month

Treatment facilities:

Drip filters - 1.5 - 3 kg per 3780 m3 of runoff is introduced through the siphon facilities. If necessary, the initiating dose is administered again after 48 hours. For maintenance, use 0.75 - 1.5 kg of the drug per 3780 m3 of waste water. In well-aerated aerotanks 0.75-1.5 kg per 3780 m3 of waste water. Due to the high efficiency of the drug, the hydraulic delay time is significantly reduced. Silt is processed separately. Aerobic fermenters - 0.5 kg per week for 330 m3 of sludge. If there is a significant layer of fat, double the dose. Anaerobic reactors, sludge sites - the dosage is about the same as in aerobic ones. The product works harmoniously with methanogens and enhances the production of methane.

Small sewage treatment plants

Sumps - 0.25-0.5 kg per week for every 330 m3 of productivity.

Two-tier settling tanks - 0.25-0.5 kg per week for every 330 m3 of productivity. Periodic mixing is recommended.

Lagoons, post-treatment ponds (with and without aeration) - to remove odors, reduce the amount of silt, and accelerate sedimentation, enter 0.25-1 kg per 200 m3. The powder is sprayed onto the surface of the water and injected through a wet well.

Sewer lifting stations, sewer pipes and sewer lines
0.4 kg per 165 m3 of waste is introduced directly into the drain holes.

BENEFITS

With anaerobic and anaerobic digestion of sludge, decomposition will occur more completely, dehydration is simplified, and the amount of mineralized nutrients increases.

BIOLOGICAL CLEANING PROGRAM

The success of any biological treatment program depends on favorable operating conditions and activities. During the microbiological cleaning period, ongoing monitoring is required to ensure that the necessary operating conditions are maintained. The dose and frequency of drug administration is specific to each individual biological cleaning program.
The specifics of each situation should be analyzed in detail before designing a corrective program.
The cleaning program usually includes a more powerful start-up dose and a maintenance dose. Determination of the optimal dose is usually performed on site, reducing the frequency of dosing gradually until deterioration in the effectiveness of the drug is noted.

Waste water from starch and syrup industry enterprises

The enterprises of the starch-treacle industry include plants and workshops for the combined processing of potatoes into starch and alcohol, potato starch, corn-treacle and corn-starch plants, plants for processing potatoes into dry starch and corn into dry starch.

Wastewater at the enterprises of the starch and syrup industry is formed as a result of technological processes for processing raw materials from a hydraulic conveyor, washing raw materials and equipment, cooling apparatuses, vacuum pumps, blowers, refrigerators, barometric condensers, etc.

The average annual amount of wastewater from shops for the combined processing of potatoes into starch and alcohol on mixed raw materials (potatoes and grains) per 1 ton of dry starch with a direct-flow water supply system is 137.7 m3, including 137.0 m3 - industrial and 0.7 l3 household -household, and when working on potato raw materials, the costs are 200; 199.3; 0.7 m3 respectively. The coefficient of uneven flow of effluents in summer and winter is equal to one.

At corn-treacle plants with a water reuse system, the average annual amount of wastewater per 1 ton of molasses is 34.06 m3, of which 4.52 m3 is industrial, 0.24 m3 is domestic and 29.3 m3 is conditionally clean. The coefficient of uneven flow of effluents in summer and winter is equal to one.

At corn-starch plants in the production of starch with direct-flow water supply systems, per 1 ton of starch, the average annual amount of wastewater is 15.0 m3, of which 3.0 m3 is industrial, 1.5 m3 household, 10.5 m3 conditionally clean, and in the production of glucose with reuse of water per 1 ton of glucose, the consumption of wastewater is 262.2 m3, including 5.8 m3 of production, 0.4 m3 of domestic and 256.0 m3 of conditionally clean. The coefficient of uneven flow of effluents in summer and winter is equal to one.

During the processing of potato raw materials, conveyor-washing waters are formed, and during the processing of wheat, corn, rice, wastewater from the pre-treatment of grain, i.e., water of locking or swelling as a result of the chemical treatment of corn with sulfurous acid, and rice with caustic soda.

Wastewater from the starch and syrup industry can be divided into four categories: trapsporterio-washing, juice, washing and pressing.

Conveyor-washing water is formed during hydrotransport and potato washing. Their number depends on the degree of contamination of the potatoes, the type of washing machines and is 1300-1400% of the weight of the processed potatoes. In relation to the total flow of the plant, these waters make up 55%.

Contaminants in the conveyor-washing waters of potato-starch plants consist of soil washed from tubers, small potatoes, tops, potato sprouts, and straw. The amount of contamination is 5-20% of the potato weight. When washing a healthy potato, its dry matter is not washed out and almost not lost, but it gives off suspended and soluble substances, and rotten and frozen potatoes give off part of the dry substances.

At the beginning of the season for processing raw materials, starch factories first of all process potatoes that are not suitable for long-term storage: clogged, wet, frozen, damaged by rot. In winter, the best quality potatoes are usually processed, and in the spring - germinated, affected by rot. This causes significant pollution of wastewater in the autumn and spring periods of operation of potato processing enterprises.

The amount of conveyor-washing wastewater is from 6 to 8 m3 per 1 ton of potatoes with a decrease to 5 in case of reuse on a hydraulic conveyor.

The amount of contamination of conveyor-washing water, mg/l:

1. Earth (inorganic suspensions) - 750
2. Organic - 230
3. Inorganic soluble - 200
4. Organic soluble - 190
5. Nitrogenous substances - 150
6. BOD5 - 152

The composition of conveyor-washing water in different seasons of work is not stable and is characterized by large fluctuations (Table 26).

Table 26. Composition of wastewater, mg/l, Shatsk potato starch plant (Belarus)

Conveyor-washing waters have a yellow-brown color, an earthy-potato smell; pH = 6.5; suspended solids - 950 - 30600 mg / l in autumn and 600-4700 in spring; BOD5 - 100-500 mg/l in autumn and spring, bichromate oxidizability 500-2000 mg/l in autumn and 300-1300 mg/l in spring.

Conveyor-washing water and washing water in the general complex of wastewater from potato-starch plants are diluting, as they contain lower concentrations of contaminants compared to juice press water.

Juice waters are liquefied potato cell juice. They are formed by separating starch in sedimentary centrifuges and washing it in hydrocyclones or washing tanks. The amount of juice water is 7-12 m3 per 1 ton of processed potatoes and depends on the capacity of the plant.

Pollution consists of a large amount of organic soluble and insoluble substances capable of putrefaction and fermentation, as well as a small amount of inorganic salts of potassium and phosphoric acid. A characteristic feature of these wastewaters is fermentation. In the process of fermentation, lactic, butyric acids are formed and an unpleasant odor is released. The fermentation process ends with rotting with intense release of hydrogen sulfide.

Depending on the operating conditions of the enterprise, the concentration of juice water ranges from 0.6-1.0% -

The solids content of juice water includes up to 15% mineral, 35-40% nitrogenous and protein compounds, approximately 10% starch, 20-25% soluble sugars, 3% fat and up to 15% other substances.

According to the chemical composition, juice water is an organic, mainly nitrogen-potassium fertilizer. According to the content of the main nutrients (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus), 1000 m3 of juice water is equal to a mixture of 15 q of ammonium sulfate, 5 q of superphosphate and 12 q of 40% potassium salt. In addition to soluble substances, juice water contains no more than 0.015% pulp and starch.

Wash water is formed during the washing of starch. Their quantity is insignificant 1-3 m3 per 1 ton of processed potatoes. The content of pollutants in wash waters is insignificant, since most of them leave with juice waters. The contaminants consist of potato solubles and a relatively small amount of fine pulp and starch particles.

Press waters appear as a result of pressing the pulp by washing it. The amount of press wastewater is 0.4-0.6 m3 per 1 ton of potatoes. The composition of pollution of these wastewaters is similar to the composition of pollution of juice waters.

The formation of the general flow of the enterprise, the nature and extent of pollution depend on individual technological processes, sources of wastewater generation, and their pollution. For example, the amount of wastewater from potato processing depends mainly on the peeling technique. When cleaning with the use of caustic soda, wastewater has a pH = 10-11.

With the steam or abrasive method, this figure is much lower.

The specific wastewater consumption per unit of produced projection for plants operating on mixed raw materials (potatoes, grain) is 140 m3, and for potato - 200 m3 per 1 ton of dry starch.

In the production of potato starch, wastewater has suspended solids 1500-5000 mg/l, average mineralization 1800-3500 mg/l, bicarbonate-sulfate composition, acid reaction of the medium, pH = 4.2-4.8. Nitrogen content averages 120 mg/l, potassium - 300, phosphorus - 15, calcium - 80 mg/l. The composition of wastewater is unstable, with a large amplitude of fluctuations.

The total runoff of enterprises processing potatoes for starch is characterized by the following pollution levels: suspended solids 2500–18000 mg/l, BODb 1100–1500 mg/l. At the same time, the composition of suspended solids, mg / l, is: the total amount is 2824, including organic - 1454, total nitrogen - 265, phosphorus - 93, potassium - 486.

Wastewater from starch enterprises has a large amount of organic, biologically (biochemically) treatable contaminants. Their concentration of carbohydrates and proteins is higher than that of domestic wastewater. They are a little transparent, in a fresh state they have a slightly alkaline and in rare cases an acid reaction of the environment. The decrease in pH can be attributed to the development of lactic and butyric acid fermentation in wastewater. The decomposition of proteins is accompanied by the release of hydrogen sulfide.

Wastewater from the production of starch from corn, wheat, rice differs from wastewater from potato-starch production by a higher content of sodium salts and organic substances, a less acidic reaction of the environment, and a variable composition.

In the production of starch using corn as a raw material, wastewater is generated in the amount of 24-28 m3 per 1 ton of starch. This amount does not include wastewater from pre-treatment of grain, t. from locking and swelling, as they are processed in evaporators with subsequent use for livestock feed or as a feedstock for the production of penicillin.