Types of non-profit organizations are. Non-profit enterprise
* Calculations use average data for Russia
We are all used to the fact that an entrepreneur is a common occupation, a profession even to some extent. When Russian government saw the light and realized that the planned economy, together with socialism, and even more fabulous communism, is nothing more than a simple utopia (at least on this stage development of mankind), it was decided to return to a less perfect formation according to Marx. Capitalism has become legal, which means that entrepreneurship has also become legal. Many people began to engage in what only yesterday was called speculation and theft from society, and then few understood the purpose of the notions prescribed in the law. commercial organizations. However, it soon became clear that those functions that were previously controlled by the state are now rarely controlled by it; people were given freedom.
AT Russian legislation there are still many inaccuracies and unnecessary concepts, for example, many types of NCOs (namely, this abbreviation has become commonly used, like an LLC for a society with limited liability) described in the law differ only in names. There are a great many forms of NPOs, much more than forms of commercial organizations, but there are only a few “necessary” ones. However, this allows you to more accurately characterize yourself when specifying the details, distinguishing between the concepts of partnership and association.
A person or group of people who decide to start a non-profit organization rarely asks the question “why?”. But the inhabitants are sometimes interested in this question. Indeed, why? After all, a non-profit organization in its concept contains the meaning that it will not work to make a profit. Why do people spend their time and energy on the maintenance of the whole enterprise? And where to get sometimes a considerable amount of funds for the maintenance of the organization?
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In fact, a significant part of NCOs is based on the enthusiasm and donations of its members, who, thanks to the registered legal form have the opportunity to defend their interests on behalf of legal entity, represent yourself on behalf of the organization and achieve your goals more effectively. Non-profit organization It is also created when people strive to unite and attract new supporters (for example, a party can also be a non-profit organization), to take on responsibilities that are not regulated by government organizations.
Separately, it is worth mentioning the SRO - a self-regulatory organization, which, being a non-profit association, is formed from the subjects entrepreneurial activity. And, of course, some people are very attracted to the description of an NPO in legislative acts, where it is defined as an organization that does not have profit as its main goal. The main one, but no one forbids having other goals ...
Non-profit organizations are also called the "third sector", thus they are opposed to public (state) and commercial organizations. Historically, NGOs that are more interested in resolving their issue are much more effective in resolving it than the state, sometimes even in the case of acute problems. Of course, who will take care of society, if not itself. A distinctive feature of NPOs from organizations in the other two sectors is the impossibility of issuing securities, but the possibility of accepting donations. rare non-profit association does without sponsorship from the outside, while in other cases there may be an accumulation of capital and even profit.
Yes, an NPO can also act as an intermediary in commodity relations, carry out its own sale of goods and provide paid services, but the proceeds must be used for the statutory purposes of the organization. Statutory goals can only be those that do not provide for the receipt of material benefits, that is, a vicious circle is obtained. However, no one creates an NPO for profit, such an organization can be created by a commercial institution, but for completely different purposes.
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In general, it can be said that non-profit organizations determine whether a society is free. If NGOs can conduct their activities without control and restrictions (up to certain limits, of course) from the side of the state and generally exist and can be formed, then this indicates the provision of freedoms and rights to the population. If NGOs are effective in their activities, then society can be considered developed and free.
To register your non-profit organization, its founders need to contact the nearest branch of the Ministry of Justice Russian Federation. In order for the possibility of creating an NPO to be considered at all, it is necessary to submit the following package of documents:
The application for registration of a legal entity. The application form can be found on the website of the Ministry of Justice or received already on the spot. The application is signed by a representative of the future non-profit organization. An application will be considered only if no more than three months have passed since the decision to establish an NPO was made.
Receipt of payment of state duty. Its cost is 4 thousand rubles, but not for political parties, which can be created for 2 thousand rubles. True, for each subsequent branch of the party, another 2,000 will have to be paid.
Minutes of the founding meeting or a decision (if the founder is one person) on the creation of an NPO.
Charter and other constituent documents. The creation of these papers can take enough time, and sometimes it is easier to turn to a lawyer for a competent formulation of the goals of your activity.
Details of a non-profit organization, indicating the address, accounts, information about the founders, etc.
Documents confirming the right to own and dispose of the premises and equipment.
The term for consideration of the application is 33 days for all forms of non-profit organizations, except for political parties, the application for the creation of which the Ministry of Justice undertakes to consider within 30 days. After solving bureaucratic issues, you can proceed to the direct activities of the organization. However, an NPO may not register its activities, remaining an informal organization, but in this case it will be deprived of all opportunities and privileges, remaining only a handful of like-minded people who, from the point of view of the law, will be defined as a group of persons, but not a legal entity. Depending on the goals of the organization, formal or informal activities may be preferred.
In general, conditionally, all non-profit organizations can be divided into organizations and movements directly, and the difference is that the first form provides for the mandatory membership of its participants, while the second form may assume possible membership, but not necessarily establish it. Forms of NGOs directly prescribed in the law can apply to organizations and movements. When the founders decide on the goals they want to achieve when forming an NPO, they choose the form of this organization. Separately, it is necessary to mention the state corporation, which is an NPO created by the state and not having a membership. Thus, not a single person has the opportunity to create a state corporation.
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Association. Also called a union, it is often such a double form "Association (union)" that is prescribed. A distinctive feature of such an association is that it can include both legal entities and individuals, that is, ordinary people, and only individuals have the right to be members of other non-profit organizations. The Union carries out its activities in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, and is defined as a form of NPO in which membership is mandatory. This is where the activity of the association is regulated. general meeting members. In practice, commercial organizations enter into unions, which thus seek to coordinate their actions with other enterprises, and usually an association is created to protect the property interests of its members. That is, such a form of NPO does not care for world peace, for example, but pursues more mundane goals and solves more pressing issues.
Amateur body. It is a non-membership association that seeks to solve acute social issues. As a rule, it has nothing to do with theatrical, musical and other amateur dance activities, unless it is the "Association in Defense of Artists", for example. A distinctive feature of the amateur body is that it seeks to solve not the problems of its members (which, in fact, do not exist), but a certain category or even the entire population, regardless of the latter's interest in the existence and / or activities of this body.
Political Party. NPO with perhaps the most complex structure. Like everything in politics, a party is very complex and can only be registered if a number of conditions are met. The most serious restrictions concern the size of the party - its representation must be in more than half of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and the party must be at least five hundred people. And this is still quite a bit, since before 2012 a party could be formed only if its members were at least 40 thousand people. The party is an exclusively political organization, its goals are only participation in the political life of the people. Any party strives for power. But from a legal point of view, it is a non-profit organization and is largely regulated in the same way as all other associations.
consumer cooperative. Significantly different from production cooperative(which is more correctly called an artel) and the cooperative in general. This form is very interesting and unusual, because it occupies an intermediate position between commercial and non-profit organizations. The purpose of a consumer cooperative cannot be to make a profit, but it is provided exclusive right distribute profits among its members. This is due to the fact that such an organization is initially created to meet the needs of its members in goods and services. It is impossible to become an accomplice in the creation of a cooperative without making a share contribution, from which initial capital enterprises. A consumer cooperative can only exist if its members are at least individuals otherwise, the cooperative must be disbanded and transformed into another form of legal entity. Thus, a consumer cooperative is a form of NPO in which both ordinary citizens and legal entities can (and should) be members, and in which membership is mandatory.
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Trade union. It is created, as the name implies, in order to protect and defend the interests of employees. As a rule, association occurs between people of the same profession or one branch of production. Trade unions today can also advocate for the resolution of social issues that are not directly related to the area in which the trade union should work. Sometimes such organizations really help a simple worker to achieve their rights, and sometimes trade unions become an additional burden for a working person, because sometimes they lead almost their full-fledged political game. Initially, membership in a trade union is not required, the purpose of creating such an organization is to protect a certain class of people, regardless of whether they are in a trade union or not. In practice, one may come across a trade union that helps only its members who have made any material contribution to the development of the organization.
Religious organization. By a completely understandable coincidence, it is classified as a non-profit organization, although most of these associations are more suitable for the definition of a branch political party on earth or companies with a total lack of responsibility. As the name implies, it is created in order to convey its variety of opium to the people. Such an organization not only tries to attract as many followers as possible, but also conducts its own religious rites. In general, it is interpreted separately from the concept of a sect, although sometimes it can actually be one. Membership in a religious organization, in fact, should not be mandatory, since anyone should be able to join the movement.
Self-regulatory organization. It is an association of commercial enterprises operating in the same industry or area. A sort of trade union for entrepreneurs. Membership in this form of NPO is mandatory, while the SRO not only acts as a defender of its members, but also resolves disputes between them (which is not surprising, because SRO members are often competitors). At the same time, a self-regulatory organization does not always act on the side of its members; a general and large SRO, which regulates an entire branch of the market, can oversee the legality of actions taken by participants in this market. A self-regulatory organization can become a powerful tool for regulating relations between organizations, freeing the state itself from this obligation.
Association of homeowners. It has the generally accepted abbreviation HOA. It is an association of owners of neighboring plots or apartments, who jointly manage the common territory. Sometimes it performs a very important function, solving the problems that have arisen, sometimes simply due to the fact that it is a legal entity. It solves many everyday problems, and when its creation is expedient, it becomes an indispensable element of the coexistence of several neighboring apartment or households. As a rule, membership in an HOA is mandatory and strictly limited, but in practice the partnership acts only in the general interest, which means it protects the interests of homeowners, regardless of whether they are members of the organization or not. Several HOAs can merge into a single organization or form unions.
Institution. It can be created for various purposes, but usually these are socially beneficial undertakings. The founder of the majority of institutions in the Russian Federation was the state itself, but both citizens and legal entities can create their own institutions. The main distinguishing feature is that the institution is one of two forms of organizations and the only form of a non-profit organization that has the right to operational management of property. At the same time, the organization itself does not have its own property, it is legally assigned to the founders of the organization itself. Institutions are often founded commercial enterprises who seek to engage in charity or those very socially significant and useful deeds, while the NPO itself remains accountable and completely dependent on the parent company branch. Recently, a special type of institution has appeared - an autonomous non-profit organization that is liable with all its property for obligations, except for real estate. At the same time, in an autonomous NCO, the founders do not bear subsidiary liability, unlike the founders of institutions.
Fund. It is that non-profit organization that is easier to create than to liquidate. The fund was originally created with the aim of accumulating capital for socially useful purposes, it is this form that becomes charitable, rescue, social and other "noble" enterprises. None of the founders is obliged to answer for the obligations of the fund with their property, but at the same time, the funds received by the fund cannot be distributed among its founders. In simple words, the fund is created in order to earn money or in another legal way to receive money and spend it for the purpose specified in the charter. For example, to feed children in Zimbabwe. Or build a new sports complex. In order for the fund's money to be sent exactly where it was planned, a board of trustees is created from disinterested (outside) persons who monitor the activities of the organization. There is no membership in the fund, anyone can invest in the fund.
It can be said that in Russia there are relatively many forms of non-profit organizations, and here the main ones were considered from the standpoint of identifying them. distinctive features, which allows you to determine the form of the proposed NPO. Non-profit organizations are an important component public life state, and sometimes they directly affect the activities of entrepreneurs. NGOs can become in a good way other use of capital other than commercial capital.
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To do right choice, we suggest that you first familiarize yourself with the forms of non-profit organizations provided for by law and their distinguishing features.According to the law of 12.01.1996 No. 7-FZ (as amended on 23.12.2003), a non-profit organization is an organization that does not have profit making as the main goal of its activities and does not distribute the profit received among the participants.
At the same time, non-profit organizations have the right to carry out entrepreneurial activities in order to achieve their statutory goals and have a number of tax benefits.
Non-profit organizations can be created to achieve social, charitable, cultural, educational, scientific and managerial goals, in order to protect the health of citizens, develop physical education and sports, meeting the spiritual and other non-material needs of citizens, protecting the rights, legitimate interests of citizens and organizations, resolving disputes and conflicts, providing legal assistance, as well as for other purposes aimed at achieving public benefits.
The Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the Law "On non-profit organizations" define the following organizational and legal forms of non-profit organizations:
- Consumer cooperatives
- Funds
- Institutions
- Non-Profit Partnerships
- State corporations
Public and religious organizations (associations)
common feature public and religious organizations (associations) is the purpose of their creation - they are created to meet the spiritual or other non-material needs. Another sign is the community of interests of uniting citizens.Read more about public organizations and their registration in the Public Organizations section.
consumer cooperatives.
A consumer cooperative is a voluntary association of citizens and legal entities on the basis of membership in order to meet the material and other needs of the participants, carried out by combining property shares by its members. Unlike other forms of non-profit organizations, income from the entrepreneurial activities of a cooperative is distributed among its members.Funds
The features of the fund as a non-profit organization are - the absence of membership, the property base, created through voluntary property contributions. The Foundation is a kind of non-profit "bank", where funds are first accumulated through donations, and then distributed to the Foundation's statutory goals - social, cultural, educational and other socially useful purposes. The Foundation is required to publish annual reports on the use of its assets.Institutions
An institution is an organization created by the owner to carry out managerial, socio-cultural and other functions of a non-commercial nature and financed in part or in full by this owner. At the same time, the property is assigned to the institution on the basis of the right of operational management, and not ownership. In case of insufficiency Money institutions, the owner bears subsidiary liability for its obligations.Non-Profit Partnerships
A non-profit partnership is a membership-based non-profit organization established by citizens and (or) legal entities to assist its members in carrying out activities aimed at achieving socially beneficial goals. A distinctive feature of a non-profit partnership is the right of its members to a part of the property in the event of liquidation of the partnership or withdrawal from it. A non-profit partnership is convenient as an association of freelancers (lawyers, doctors, writers, etc.)Autonomous non-profit organizations
An autonomous non-profit organization is a non-profit organization without membership, established by citizens and (or) legal entities on the basis of voluntary property contributions for the purpose of providing services in the field of education, healthcare, culture, science, law, physical culture, etc. The property transferred by the founders of the organization, belongs to her by right of ownership.This form of non-profit organizations is most convenient for activities in the service sector.
Associations of legal entities (associations and unions)
Commercial and non-commercial organizations may voluntarily unite into associations (unions) in order to coordinate their activities, as well as to represent and protect common property interests. Members of an association (union) retain their independence and the rights of a legal entity.State Corporation
New form non-profit organizations, introduced by Federal Law No. 140-FZ of July 8, 1999State Corporation a non-profit organization established by the Russian Federation on the basis of a property contribution and created to carry out social, managerial or other socially useful functions is recognized as a non-membership organization. It is created on the basis of the law, which establishes the features of its legal status.
A non-profit organization is considered to be established as a legal entity from the moment of its state registration. Currently, the state registration of non-profit organizations (with the exception of public organizations) is carried out in the IMNS.
The founders of a non-profit organization, depending on its organizational and legal forms, may be citizens and (or) legal entities.
The number of founders of a non-profit organization is not limited, unless otherwise provided by federal law.
A non-profit organization may be founded by one person, with the exception of cases of establishing non-profit partnerships, associations (unions) and other cases provided for by federal law.
To register a non-profit organization according to the law, the following constituent documents are required:
- Charter approved by the founders (participants) for a public organization (association), foundation, non-profit partnership and autonomous non-profit organization;
- The memorandum of association concluded by their members and the articles of association approved by them for the association or union;
- The decision of the owner to establish the institution and the charter approved by the owner for the institution.
In accordance with Article 50 Civil Code All legal entities in the Russian Federation are divided into and non-commercial.
The purpose of commercial organizations is to make a profit and distribute it among all participants.
The list of types of commercial organizations is closed. These include:
1) business companies and partnerships;
2) unitary, state;
3) production cooperatives.
Non-profit organizations are created Non-profit organizations do not aim to make a profit. They have the right to exercise but the profit cannot be distributed among the participants, it is spent in accordance with the purposes for which the organization was created. During the creation of a non-profit organization, a bank account, an estimate and a personal balance sheet must be formed. The list of non-profit organizations specified in the Code is not exhaustive.
So what legal entities are non-profit organizations?
Non-profit organizations include:
1) Religious, public organizations and associations.
Carry out activities in accordance with the purposes for which they were created. Participants are not liable for the obligations of organizations, and those, in turn, for the obligations of members;
2) Non-commercial partnerships - established by citizens or legal entities. individuals and non-profit organizations based on the principle of membership, to assist the members of the organization in carrying out activities that are aimed at achieving the goals set;
3) The form of a non-profit organization is also an institution - an organization funded by the owner, which was created to carry out managerial and other functions of a non-profit nature. If the property of the institution is insufficient, the owner shall bear subsidiary liability for obligations.
4) Autonomous non-profit organizations. They are created to provide services in the field of education, culture, healthcare, sports, and other services on the basis of property contributions.
5) Non-profit organizations include various kinds of foundations. The Foundation is an organization that does not have membership, pursuing charitable, social, cultural goals and created on the basis of property contributions. It has the right to engage in entrepreneurial activities to achieve the goals of creation.
6) Associations and unions. They are created by commercial organizations in order to coordinate business activities and protect property interests.
7) Non-profit organizations also include consumer cooperatives - associations (voluntary) of citizens and legal entities created to meet material and other needs on the basis of pooling property shares.
Each of the forms of a non-profit organization has its own characteristics that meet the goals of its creation.
Creation of a non-profit organization.
Registration takes place within 2 months. It is necessary to prepare documentation for registration:
Information about the address of the location;
Application for registration, notarized;
Constituent documents;
Decision to establish a non-profit organization;
State fees.
A non-profit organization was created from the moment of state registration, after which it can carry out its activities. Such an organization does not have a term of activity, so it may not re-register. In case of liquidation of a non-profit organization, payments are made to all creditors, and the remaining funds are spent on the purposes for which the organization was created.
Non-profit organizations - popular view creation of a unified society, the task of which is not to earn money. The direction of the case directly affects the type of association. Examples of non-profit organizations in Russia are the Cinema Fund, Rusfond and others.
The activities of NPOs are regulated in accordance with the following laws:
To this list are added special laws applicable to partnerships and cooperatives.
NPO classification
NCOs are divided into classes depending on the basis:
- legal form
- focus group
- form of interaction with the state
- the target audience
- purpose of creation
The classification is used for the process of formation and use of association forms (Table 1).
Class | Classification |
Organizational and legal form |
|
focus group |
|
According to the form of interaction with the state |
|
By target audience | education is distributed according to social groups: Refugees, IDPs, youth, low-income families |
According to the purpose of creation |
|
The classification of NPOs is much broader than that of commercial ones. This is clearly seen when comparing the number of organizational and legal forms (there are 11 in NPOs, and 6 in commercial ones).
To learn more about non-profit organizations, watch the video:
Autonomous NGOs
ANO is considered a status on the basis of Federal Law No. 7 and Art. 123.24 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. ANO is a unitary organization, for which the following features are characteristic:
- no membership
- created through voluntary funding
- services for non-commercial activities in the field of science, education, culture, health care are provided
It is allowed if ANO has one founder.
At first glance, ANOs and charitable foundations have much in common, but this is completely different concepts organizations. The former provide services for individuals and legal entities in non-commercial activities. The latter provide disinterested help for people who find themselves in certain situations.
Founders who transfer their funds to the ANO lose the right to own these benefits. It will also be impossible to return the transferred property or cash equivalent in case of withdrawal from the founders.
Religious NGOs
Religious and cult organizations define a collection of persons who have formed a group for a common religion or its promotion. To legitimize the organization, you will need to register as a legal entity. Religious and cult NGOs include associations of such groups, a coordinating and governing body.
The action of an NPO is allowed only if internal laws organizations do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The religious organization itself is the sole owner of the property. All property transferred to the organization cannot be appropriated by its founders into ownership.
Consumer or service cooperatives
The purpose of membership is to satisfy the desires of the participants, for which property contributions are introduced.
Establishes the amount of contributions for membership, the procedure for paying fees, liability for non-compliance with obligations.
A prerequisite in compiling the name of the cooperative is the presence of an indication of the main purpose of the activity and the inclusion of words characterizing the classification of the association.
Every year, the participants of the cooperative approve the balance, which must be replenished from losses within three months. If this does not happen, then the cooperative is liquidated in court at the request of creditors.
The form of activity of the cooperative may vary. The main condition is the activity of a non-commercial nature, which is designed to meet the needs of payers.
Non-profit organization charitable direction may be called a foundation or institution. The activities of such an NPO are tightly controlled. This type of organization has special requirements. But charitable foundation has the right to rely on tax incentives from the government.
Charity refers to any disinterested activity in relation to individuals and legal entities. The collegiate supreme body that monitors the activities of the organization performs its duties free of charge.
For property charities There are a number of restrictions:
Public associations
They allow you to create groups of people who have common interests that need to be satisfied. The NGO does not allow setting goals that are not spelled out in the Charter.
All members of the association must obey the approved Charter, which does not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation. Members of the organization have equal rights with the possibility of exclusion in the statutory order.
Unitary NGOs
Unitary NCOs are understood as legal entities that do not want to derive financial profit from their activities. NDOs have the following distinguishing features:
Examples of NGOs in Russia
Examples of NGOs existing on the territory of the Russian Federation:
- Russian Cultural Foundation: a foundation dedicated to ensuring civic engagement in the cultural sphere
- Rugby Premier League: a non-profit partnership that organizes the Russian Rugby Championship
- Moscow Architectural Society: social organization engaged in the popularization of the field of architecture in general
All about Russian NGOs on video:
There are many types of non-profit organizations in the Russian Federation. All of them have one thing in common - they do not set themselves the need to earn money. And anyone can create their own NGO.
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Non-Profit Organizations - legal entities that do not pursue profit making as the main goal of their activities and do not distribute the profits received among the participants (Article 50 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
Separation of non-profit organizations from commercial ones:
- for non-profit organizations economic activity is auxiliary, ensuring their participation in property turnover, and the civil law status of these organizations is of secondary importance;
- commercial organizations carry out economic activity, which is fundamental for them and is fully regulated by civil law.
Unlike commercial organizations, non-profit organizations are not professional participants in property relations. Therefore, for non-commercial legal entities, the legislator establishes special (targeted) legal capacity(clause 1 of article 49 of the Civil Code) and allows the use of their property only to achieve the goals specified in their constituent documents (clause 4 of article 213 of the Civil Code).
The performance of non-commercial legal entities in civil circulation is due to the need for material support for their core activities, which should not be entrepreneurial.
Non-profit organizations can be created to achieve social, charitable, cultural, educational, scientific and managerial goals, to protect the health of citizens, develop physical culture and sports, meet the spiritual and other non-material needs of citizens, protect the rights, legitimate interests of citizens and organizations, resolve disputes and conflicts, provision of legal assistance, as well as for other purposes aimed at achieving public benefits (Article 2 federal law dated 12.01.1996 N 7-FZ "On non-profit organizations").
Thus, non-profit organizations carry out activities aimed at the formation of public goods, they are the strongholds of the civil society infrastructure. They participate not in production, but in redistribution. wealth(national product). In all other respects, non-profit organizations are full-fledged and permanent participants in property turnover along with commercial organizations.
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A non-profit organization can be created as a result of:
- its institutions;
- reorganization of another non-profit organization of the same legal form;
- as a result of reorganization in the form of transformation of a legal entity of another organizational and legal form (in cases provided for by federal laws).
The decision to create a non-profit organization as a result of its establishment is taken by its founders (founder).
A non-profit corporate organization is the owner of its property.
The charter of the non-commercial corporate organization it may be provided that decisions on the creation of other legal entities by the corporation, as well as decisions on the participation of the corporation in other legal entities, on the establishment of branches and on the opening of representative offices of the corporation, are taken by the collective body of the corporation.
A non-profit organization is considered to be established as a legal entity from the moment of its state registration in accordance with the procedure established by law, owns or manages separate property, is liable (with the exception of cases established by law) for its obligations with this property, can acquire and exercise property in its own name. and non-property rights, bear obligations, be a plaintiff and defendant in court.
A non-profit organization must have an independent balance sheet and (or) estimate.
A non-profit organization is created without limiting the period of activity, unless otherwise established. founding documents non-profit organization.
A non-profit organization shall have the right to open accounts in banks in the territory of the Russian Federation and outside its territory in accordance with the established procedure, with the exception of cases established by federal law.
A non-profit organization has a seal with the full name of this non-profit organization in Russian.
A non-profit organization has the right to have:
- stamps and letterheads with their name;
- symbols - emblems, coats of arms, other heraldic signs, flags and hymns, the description of which must be contained in the constituent documents.
List of non-profit organizations
institution- a unitary non-profit organization created by the owner to carry out managerial, socio-cultural or other functions of a non-profit nature (Article 123.21 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
Autonomous non-profit organization - a unitary non-profit organization that does not have membership and was created on the basis of property contributions from citizens and (or) legal entities in order to provide services in the areas of education, healthcare, culture, science and other areas of non-profit activity (Article 123.24 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
religious organization - a voluntary association of citizens of the Russian Federation permanently and legally residing on the territory of the Russian Federation or other persons, formed by them for the purpose of joint confession and dissemination of faith and registered in the manner prescribed by law as a legal entity (local religious organization), an association of these organizations (centralized religious organization), as well as the organization and (or) the governing or coordinating body created by the specified association in accordance with the law on freedom of conscience and on religious associations for the purpose of joint confession and dissemination of faith (Article 123.26