Development of peat deposits. Peat deposits in the Soviet Union Where peat is mined

Today, Russia occupies one of the leading places in the field of mining. The first place, of course, is occupied by oil and natural gas. In Russia, there are such main types of mineral extraction as:

  • Natural gas production
  • Oil production
  • Coal mining
  • Uranium mining
  • Shale mining
  • Peat extraction

As you know, mining is a rather difficult process in which it is necessary to get gaseous, solid or liquid minerals out of the ground. It is this production that covers the first economic spectrum. The main tasks of the mining itself are: to find a deposit of any mineral, after which it is taken out of the bowels of the Earth and then delivered to the place of processing.

However, I would like to pay considerable attention to the peat industry, which is currently in short supply.

Group chemical composition of the organic part of various types of peat

The peat industry is a category of industry that provides the country with fuel as well as fertilizer. Today, peat is used in agriculture, on the chemical enterprises, power plants.

So what is peat? Peat has a characteristic brown color. It is formed over time from the almost decomposed remains of plants, mainly mosses. Peat deposits are swamps and ponds, which are almost overgrown. In Russia, areas with peat are located in forests. In fact, peat consists of 60% carbon, which makes it the most important biomaterial. it has a fairly high calorific value. Peat is also used to make various thermal insulation materials, such as slabs.

Recall that in 2010 in Russia there was a terrible fire associated with the ignition of peat areas, as a result of which forests were damaged. After the incident, it became obvious that the peat industry would take a long time to recover.

Now around the world receive approximately 25 million tons of peat. In 1985, peat extraction reached its peak, namely, 380 million tons were obtained in a year. However, since the 1990s, the level of mineral extraction has dropped significantly to 29 million tons.

The peat industry began to emerge as early as the 12th-13th centuries. Scotland and Holland were the first countries to extract and use it. And since the XVI century. peat mining began to develop in Germany, France and Sweden. Russia lagged behind European countries a little, because for the first time the mineral began to be mined in 1700, when under the leadership of Peter I near Voronezh, for the first time, peat deposits were found. After 3 years, deposits were discovered near Azov. Much later, towards the end of the XVIII century. Peat extraction began near St. Petersburg and in the Smolensk region. Almost until the 20th century. oil production was carried out in a primitive way, i.e. using the simplest equipment: molding frames, peat grinders and various scooping devices. Basically, molded and carved peat was mined. To the place of processing, peat was taken away on horseback, as well as by water, through canals and rivers. During the time of the landlords, various committees and schools were created in the provinces, where they studied the methods of extraction and processing of peat. End of the 19th century marked the transition to the extraction of minerals by the factory method, thanks to which minerals were mined with already improved equipment.

Oddly enough, since the beginning of the XX century. Russia began to outstrip European countries in peat extraction technologies, as well as in quantity. Approximately 40 peat extractions were formed in the Moscow region. It was in Russia in 1913 that the world's first power plant was built, which processed peat into fuel. Engineers V. Kirpichnikov and R. Klasson developed a hydraulic peat extraction scheme. In 1914, thanks to this method, Russia managed to build industrial enterprises for the processing of peat. Already in the 1920s, excavators began to be put into operation, which greatly simplified the extraction of all minerals. Peat began to be supplied from the Urals to heavy industry enterprises, which used peat gas as a process fuel. In the late 1920s, entire scientific centers and institutes of the peat industry were created. In 1988, peat extraction exceeded the figures for all previous years. In comparison with 1914, it has increased by 93 times.

Today, enterprises specializing in peat processing are combined into whole complexes. For example, in the Smolensk region there is an enterprise "Smolenkstorf", it extracts about 100,000 tons of milled peat, processing it into energy raw materials, about 280,000 tons are mined for agricultural purposes, etc.

Details about the methods and types of peat extraction

As mentioned earlier, most of the peat deposits are on the surface. Peat is extracted only according to two main schemes:

  • from the surface of the earth (cutting the topsoil)
  • from quarries (using excavators)

There are only 5 types of peat:

  • milling (cutting)
  • hydraulic scraper
  • hydropeat
  • lump
  • baguette

milled peat- one of the most common types. It is mined at a depth of only 2 cm thanks to a tractor that loosens the soil, crushes the peat and turns it into fine crumbs. Then the peat dries in the sun, gathers into rolls, and then another layer is loosened. After each such process, peat is mined in the same place 5-6 more times. The collected peat is delivered to a special site and there it is collected into separate heaps. A suitable season for the extraction of such peat is the summer period, when natural drying of the mineral is possible. The milling method is also used to obtain sod peat.

Sod peat obtained by excavation. Each such piece of peat weighs at least 500 g. This method extraction is practically the same as the previous method, but the only difference is that it needs weather conditions. Sod peat can be mined at any time of the year. Such peat is mined from a depth of 50 cm using a special disk with a cylinder in which peat is pressed.

Hydropeat obtained by hydraulic method, which was first proposed in 1914, as mentioned earlier.

carved peat mined from peat bricks by hand, sometimes by machine-forming.

As for the transportation of peat from the extraction sites, it is carried out after the final drying of the peat and is exported by narrow-gauge railway. For agricultural purposes, peat is transported by road.

Peat in agriculture

Peat is useful to mankind not only as a fuel, but also on an agricultural scale. Peat is an excellent fertilizer, while peat that has decomposed by 40% is good for this area. It is extracted from swamps and overgrown reservoirs. Peat, which is only 25% decomposed, is excellent for animal bedding. Before use, peat is usually well ventilated, but not dried to the limit. Sometimes it is specially frozen, so that later it is more easily crushed and distributed over the areas that should be fertilized. Because peat contains too little phosphorus and potassium, it is necessary to add manure, superphosphate and a little potassium chloride to it.

Peat favors soil fertility, improves its structure. Due to the fact that peat contains practically no micro and macro elements, it is rich in useful acids that stimulate growth and development. It is good for any kind of soil because it has a gas-absorbing advantage. Actually. Peat can be divided into two types: Light and heavy. Light has a degree of decomposition of 15%, and heavy as much as 40% and above. In agriculture, peat contributes well to ensuring long-term moisture retention, as well as oxygen exchange.

Peat industry today

Peat resources cover about 400 million hectares, but only about 300 million hectares have been put into operation. Only 23 countries of the world are engaged in peat extraction. The leading ones are Russia, where about 150 million hectares are concentrated, and Canada, where peatlands make up 110 million hectares. Peat is a renewable resource and much more is produced than is consumed. The world's peat stock is concentrated in Russia, because 60% of the resources are contained there. But in terms of production, Russia is in fourth place, ahead of Canada, Finland and Ireland.

Only 30% of the world's peat is used for fuel, the remaining 70% is used for horticulture and agriculture. The upper peat layer has suitable properties for animal husbandry, floriculture, crop production and vegetable production in greenhouse conditions. Peat plays an important role in the world market, especially vegetable peat, which is the most exported.

The Tver region has the most large deposit peat - 21%. Thanks to this, the Tver region is fully provided with energy and soil fertility. OJSC "Tvertorf" produces the most a large number of peat products throughout Russia. In the 90s, the extraction of the mineral dropped significantly. Due to the crisis, the equipment has ceased to be updated, the capacity of enterprises specialized in peat has also decreased. Today, production rates are trying to resume, but the process requires significant funding and more labor.

The main problem associated with the peat industry is the development of regulatory and legislative framework. There are some inconsistencies in legal status peat deposits, which lacks clarity in the application of loans granted tax service. There are also noticeable shortcomings in the calculation of payments and taxes on land plot. Therefore, today the peat industry is undergoing serious stagnation.

The Russian government has set a goal by 2030 to increase the level of extraction and processing of peat to improve domestic, allied and agricultural conditions. The first necessary criterion is to improve the industrial base, i.e. to develop new equipment, only then can peat be effectively used at power plants specializing in heat supply. In the future, due to useful properties, peat can be used in medicine. The peat extract is enriched with minerals, so its properties are excellent for the human body, it has a particularly healing effect on the skin and subcutaneous tissues. By 2030, it will be planned to restore the peat base, build boiler houses and thermal power plants in remote regions, the main resource of which will be peat.

Development of peat deposits

(, Maslov the world of swamps. Tomsk. Publishing house of TSPU. 2013. S. 232-241)

The purpose of the development is to effectively drain the deposit, so the drainage is carried out in order to create conditions for preparing the peat deposit for development. The development of peat deposits includes the following technological processes: drainage of a peat deposit, preparation of a drained mass for exploitation, extraction of peat, its drying, cleaning and transportation, repair of production areas, their reclamation. All these works are mechanized.

In this regard, the sequence, parameters and technologies for draining swamps for peat extraction differ significantly from those for agriculture and forestry. Therefore, in what follows, we will focus only on these features.

What are the main goals of drainage for peat extraction?

Increase the yield of air dry peat,

Create conditions for the passage of various peat machines,

To create conditions for a more complete development of industrial peat reserves at the deposit.

Drainage for peat extraction. Drainage for the purpose of peat extraction is carried out in order to reduce its moisture content, which is directly related to the depth of groundwater levels. At the beginning of the peat extraction season, the depth of groundwater should be at least 0.6–0.7 m to ensure the passability of peat machines.

A systematic network of channels is used for drainage, sometimes closed or slotted drainage. The elements of the drainage network differ depending on the method of extraction: milling, excavation.

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Rice. 126. Scheme of drainage of peat deposits for the extraction of milled peat: 1 - water intake; 2 - main channel; 3 - upland-trapping channel; 4 - gross channels; 5 - chart channels; 6 - the border of the swamp. Dimensions in meters

Rice. 127. Scheme of drainage of raised bogs for peat extraction: a- plan, b– profile; 1 - main channel; 2 - the boundary of the industrial peat deposit; 3 - gross channel; 4 - chart channels; 5 - connecting channel; 6 - water intake

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Peat is transported mainly by narrow-gauge (750 mm) railway in wagons, for small consumers - by cars or tractors (Fig. 130).

Rice. 130. Loading peat into narrow gauge wagons and harvesting vehicles

With the decline in peat production, many narrow-gauge railways fell into disrepair or were dismantled. So for some reason they dismantled the narrow-gauge road Ryazan - Solotcha - Kriusha - Spas - Klepiki - Tuma, sung by K. Paustovsky, which passes through the resort area with villages and a city associated with life: could it become an attractive center of tourism?!

Peat mining. Peat extraction methods were gradually improved in the direction of increasing labor productivity and extraction volume. The first peat miners - peasants used a carved method of extraction from pits near the borders of the swamp. Peat was cut out of its deposits in the form of bricks, which were dried and used for fuel (Fig. 131).

This method is characterized by the use of only manual labor. This was expressed in the digging of individual pits that did not have a system in place. The water that filled the pit (quarry) interfered with the extraction.

For information. Extraction of peat in tsarist Russia was exhausting work. The worker, standing knee-deep in water at the bottom of the pit, cut peat tiles with a shovel and brought them to the surface. During a shift, he cut up to three thousand tiles. This means that in a day I lifted 16 tons of peat with a shovel! And this is not counting several thousand blows with a shovel on fibrous, difficult to cut peat.

Gradually, with the development of centralized drainage, areas of carved peat acquired a system of quarries that outwardly resembled quarries for machine-molding peat extraction. Subsequently, the system of carved peat was mechanized, but an important feature of this method was preserved - the structure of the peat did not change when it was extracted.

Machine-molding method of fuss at the end of the 19th century. The main feature of this method was the formation of peat - a violation of its structure, but at the same time greater strength and density were obtained. And if at the beginning the extraction of peat from the quarry was carried out manually, then later with the help of a conveyor (elevator method).

Interesting. With the elevator method, there were 15-29 people in the quarry. The elevator moved continuously. Standing on a ledge, the worker - "coachman" cut out pieces of peat with a shovel, raised them to a height of up to 1 m and threw them into the elevator. The shift lasted 10 hours. Norm 19 tons of peat. From the elevator, the peat entered the press, from which a peat beam crawled out in a continuous ribbon. Nearby stood 12-year-old boys, who cut the peat bar into bricks. Bricks were transferred to trolleys and taken to dry.

The most widely used excavator method of extracting peat, which was used until the 60s of the XX century (Fig. 132). On the frame, which lowered into the quarry, small buckets were installed, with the help of which peat was scooped up and conveyed to the surface by a conveyor.

Note. Using this method, large peat enterprises were built in the Urals to supply peat to gas generating stations of heavy industry plants, where peat gas was used as a process fuel.

Technological improvement of peat extraction brought to life the hydraulic method (hydropeat), in which the peat deposit was eroded by a jet of hydraulic monitors, turning the peat into a liquid mass. This mass was removed by a peat pump and fed through pipelines to the drying fields, which were located outside the swamp. The drying fields were limited by earthen dams up to 40 cm high. The peat mass dried up due to evaporation, it was subsequently cut into pieces manually and with the help of special tractor caterpillars. There were enough options for such technology.

The pressure of the water jet was used in the gold mining industry. However, hydromechanization has been widely developed since the Russian engineer put the property of a high-pressure water jet to erode soils as the basis for the hydraulic method of peat extraction. The erosion of wet peat with water has become a true revolution in peat mining. But the inventor went further. In 1918, a model of a peat pump was created, which sucked in the peat mass, processed it, turning it into a homogeneous mess, and transported the peat to the flood fields with a powerful pressure.

The hydraulic method was replaced by the milling method of peat extraction. A very promising method of mining! This method, in comparison with others, has the lowest labor intensity and production cost. .



Why such a name? The milling method got its name from the initial operation - milling. Milling is the process of processing a peat deposit with cutters. Rotating around its own axis and deepening into a peat deposit, with the forward movement of the cutter, they remove a layer of a small thickness (1-3 cm), turning it into a crumb). Peat turns into powder, which is dried here, repeated tedding is carried out to improve drying, then peat chips are raked into rolls, which are collected using pneumatic harvesters and stacked in piles placed on the edge of the peat map (Fig. 133).

Rice. 133. Milling and cleaning of peat: working body - cutter ( a); section of peat field after milling ( b); collection of finished milled peat ( in); pneumoharvesters ( G)

Drying of milled chips is carried out on the same area where milling was performed in vivo under the open sky due to the use of solar energy and the heat of air masses. After harvesting the finished milled peat, milling is carried out again on the same area, followed by all subsequent operations. The process is repeated several times in the same sequence. This method depends on weather conditions and is seasonal.

In recent years, the milling method has become the main method of peat extraction (about 95% of industrial production). Because all work is mechanized.

The extraction technology includes the following machines: 1) a scraper-bunker complex necessary for harvesting peat, 2) a scraper-transshipment complex for mechanical harvesting of peat by sequential transfer of peat from one roll to another, 3) a pneumatic bunker for harvesting milling chips. All complexes also perform peat tedding, peat swathing and stacking operations.

History reference. The milling method for extracting peat was developed by Soviet specialists in 1927–1929. The idea of ​​milling peat deposits was known in many countries, but milled peat was obtained there as a raw material for subsequent artificial drying and processing into briquettes. Soviet engineers set themselves the task of obtaining finished fuel by milling (Fig. 134).

Rice. 134. Fuel: peat briquettes ( a), peat washers (b)

In 1922, engineers proposed machines for layer-by-layer milling of peat deposits. In 1923, the engineer was applied for patenting new way obtaining fuel peat, which he called “a method for obtaining peat peat in the form of powder and crumbs from the surface of marshes”. In this application, drying of peat was envisaged in a thick layer.

In 1927, Instorf proposed a method for extracting milled peat with milling to a shallow depth of 5-30 mm, which ensured a small thickness of the drying layer at a lower moisture content of peat chips and, as a result, a sharp reduction in the drying time of peat. The same circumstance facilitated the conditions for the mechanization of operations. technological process peat extraction.

Rice. 135. Sod peat harvesting

In the second method (slotted), peat deposits are slotted to a depth of 0.4–1.0 m. These complexes include machines for turning over and grouping dried pieces, harvesting and transport machines. The resulting peat fuel has dimensions of 15–20 mm (granular), 60 mm (small lumps) and up to 100–120 mm (excavator).

One of the important types of natural resources, formed in the process of natural death and incomplete decay of marsh plants in conditions of excessive moisture and difficult air access. It is used as a fertilizer, fuel, raw material for, building material, as well as for medical purposes (the so-called peat therapy).

In terms of reserves and area of ​​peat deposits, the value and variety of their resources is unparalleled in the world. World peat reserves are estimated at about 500 billion tons, of which about 188 billion tons (more than 37%) are in Russia.

The peat resources of our country are distributed extremely unevenly. More than 80% of them are located in Siberia, the rest - in the European part of the country. There are especially many peat deposits in Western Siberia. 5004 deposits are taken into account here, shared resources which amount to more than 100 billion tons, that is, more than 20% of the world and more than 50% of Russian reserves.

The huge peat resources of Western Siberia (almost 90%) are represented by large deposits with an area of ​​more than 50 thousand hectares, from which deposits located in the Vasyugan swamp stand out Tomsk region: Vasyuganskoye (2310.4 thousand ha), Konovalovskoye-Yugolovskoye-Karasye (373.5 thousand ha), Pasol and Kogot (210.3 thousand ha), Small Vasyuganskoye (141.7 thousand ha), Lebyazhye- Isan (53.3 thousand ha). Other large peat deposits of the Tomsk region are Kulai (72 thousand ha), Andryushkino II (77.7), Aleksandrovskoye (75), Ozernoe Bolshoi (572.4 thousand ha).

The main deposits of peat in the country were formed in the last 7-10 thousand years. The thickness of the peat layer grows annually by 0.2–2.0 mm (that is, on an area of ​​80.5 million hectares, more than 100 million tons of standard peat are formed annually). According to accepted standards, 96% of peat is suitable for compost production and 90% for fuel.

Peat is natural pantry humic substances, which make up from 20 to 70% of the organic mass, as well as nitrogen, the content of which on average is: in high-moor peat - 1.5% (from 0.6 to 2.5%), in lowland peat - 2.6% ( from 1.3 to 3.8%).
Distinguish the following types peat: low-lying, transitional and high-moor. Raised peatlands are located on watersheds; low-lying - on relief depressions, most often in floodplains. Therefore, lowland peat is considered the best for the production of fertilizers; however, due to its lower moisture capacity, it is inferior to riding manure in the production of bedding manure. Especially widely peat is used in the Nonchernozem zone of the country.

Over the past century, about 1 billion tons of peat have been used in Russia for fuel and energy purposes, which is equivalent to 400 million tons of coal. Until recently, the country was the largest consumer of fuel peat. Currently, it ranks only fourth in the world, behind, and, where the contribution of peat to energy production is from 10 to 20%.
The energy potential of Russia's peat resources, estimated at 49.5 billion tons of standard fuel, indicates the insufficiency of its use in the country's energy balance. The reserves of peat only in the developed deposits make it possible to increase the volume of its production to 10–11 million tons per year, which is theoretically equivalent to 7% of the coal consumed annually in Russia.

It should be noted an important circumstance that increases the competitiveness of peat fuel - its environmental safety, ease of disposal of peat ash (compared to coal slag), reduction of harmful emissions, primarily sulfur and nitrogen oxides.

For peat therapy, peat is usually used that meets sanitary and hygienic requirements - a high (more than 60%) degree of decomposition and heated to 42–52 ° C. Peat treatment is more easily tolerated than treatment with silt mud.

A crisis recent years especially affected the agricultural use of peat. In the pre-reform years, a period of intensive agriculture, the share of peat in organic fertilizers in Russia reached 12–15%, and in some areas, especially the Non-Black Earth Region, up to 50–60%. Average annual peat application in 1986–1990 amounted to about 92 million tons, in 1994 - 29 million tons, in 1997 - less than 5 million tons. The share of peat used as organic fertilizer has fallen sharply in all economic regions of the country.

Peat is a natural fuel, a rock of biological origin that has been deposited for centuries at the bottom of swamps or stagnant reservoirs. Outwardly, it is a brown earthy loose mass, in the structure of which one can notice the remains of plants, small animals and other layers deposited in the silt at the bottom of the swamps.

The process of formation of peat deposits

The conditions for the formation of the material have their own specifics: complete decomposition of the components that make up the complex structure of peat does not occur, only death and partial decomposition take place under conditions of a small amount of oxygen. As a result of such transformations, a material with a high content of carbon, shale gas and other additional elements is formed.

It is classified as a combustible mineral because the main industrial use of peat is as a fuel, but it is a specific fertilizer used in agriculture.

Peat extraction is a developed industry, Russia has large reserves of rock and is second only to Canada in terms of explored deposits.

Peat deposits by country of the world

The reserves of peat in the world are quite large. It occupies approximately 3% of the land area. The further north, the richer the peat deposits of the territory various countries. This is due to the increase in fresh water reserves with distance from the equator, and in the northern regions there are the most favorable conditions for the formation of large peat deposits.

Today, the world's mineral reserves are estimated at 500 billion tons. Russia ranks second in the world in terms of explored reserves, which are about 188 billion tons, yielding in this matter to Canada, whose share is about 200 billion tons. In addition, the peat industry is widely developed in :

  • Germany;
  • Sweden;
  • Finland;
  • Latvia;
  • Ireland.

The leader in terms of peat production is Finland, where peat is widely used for home heating or centralized heating and hot water supply. Mining is concentrated in the northern region of Europe, where up to 80% of the total world production is mined.

How is peat mined?

The peat industry has two main extraction methods:

  • Career.
  • Surface.

Career. The rock is cut in large parts, divided into briquettes of a certain size (lump peat) and sent for further processing. Excavators or similar baggers are used, which make it possible to mechanize the process and obtain high productivity.

The disadvantage of this method is the need for subsequent drying and processing of the material, which forces the transport of raw material, creates an unproductive burden on transport. Mining is concentrated in one place.

Surface. The rock is cut from the surface of the soil thin layer 2–3 cm, it is first loosened and dried. In fact, peat already prepared for use is collected.

Varieties of mined rock

In accordance with the mining technology, the types of rock are distinguished:

  • milling;
  • hydro scraper;
  • lump;
  • bagerny;
  • carved.

Milling. It is mined by loosening a thin surface layer (2-3 cm), aged for some time to dry, for which it is turned over for better moisture removal using a tedder mounted on a tractor, and packed into windrows.

All work is carried out right at the place of extraction, the rock is almost ready for further use. The method is very successful, but it completely depends on the weather, since all operations are carried out in the open.

It is taken out by means of a ladle of scraper winches. The resulting rock was called hydropeat.

Lump. It is taken out by excavators, the fraction size is not less than 500 g.

Bagerny. The mining method is a kind of excavation mining, when special bucket frames - baggers are used. The method is highly mechanized, but requires a surface free from stumps or other woody obstructions. In open areas without mechanical obstacles, the technique demonstrates good results.

Produced in small businesses. Works are carried out manually, with conventional shovels, or with the use of small-scale mechanization. The share of this mining method is currently small, since the productivity of the technique is extremely low.

What is peat

Peat is a rock that forms in wetlands, so it always contains a lot of water. Most of the material stocks are in regions with large quantity swamps, stagnant water bodies or shallow rivers with a weak current. The exceptions are the reclaimed areas, from where the water was diverted quite a long time ago and the soil surface had time to dry well, making it possible to carry out industrial development of peat.

If we consider the origin and subsequent morphism of the rock, this is a transitional stage in the formation of brown coal. The longer the process of occurrence, the less organic remains in the composition of the rock and the higher the density of the material. According to the level of occurrence, they distinguish:

  • Horse peat.
  • Lowland peat.

horse peat. Arises from the decomposition of moss, cotton grass or pine. It has a small amount of calcium and, accordingly, high acidity, as a result of which it is not used as a fertilizer.

lowland peat. It is formed from the decay of alder, sedge or moss. Contains a high percentage of calcium, the acidity of the material is reduced. This species is highly valued and used in agriculture as a fertilizer. It has three degrees of decomposition of organic matter: weak, medium and strong, which is valued above all.

The names of both materials arose in connection with the places of their extraction - higher areas or lowlands, floodplains, swampy wastelands. Woody peat is isolated, containing a large number of remains of bark, wood and leaves of various tree species growing along the banks or in the swamp area. It is these regions that are famous for their peat deposits, which can occupy very large areas - 1000 hectares or more.

Where is peat used?

The use of the breed in various activities is quite wide. It is applied in the following areas:

  • Energy. It is used as an inexpensive and quite efficient fuel.
  • Agriculture. The rock is a good fertilizer that changes and regulates the composition of soils.
  • Livestock. It serves as a bedding for livestock, which allows organizing high-quality and inexpensive keeping of animals.
  • In construction, peat is used as an insulating material.
  • In medicine, it serves as a material for mud baths.
  • Whiskey is made using peat.
  • In ecology, peat is used as a good sorbent.

Such a widespread use of the breed and the relative cheapness of its extraction make the breed very profitable and successful for many areas. production activities minerals, give reason to classify peat as an important and necessary resource.

Experts note the high environmental friendliness of the use of such fuel, since peat ash is much easier to dispose of and does not pollute the atmosphere with harmful emissions. The content of oxides or nitrogen in slags is much lower and can be almost completely removed without any consequences for the environment.

The introduction of peat into the composition of arable soils allows you to update the content of essential minerals in them, to balance the presence of all the components necessary for the growth of crops. The use of peat in agriculture, which fell to a critical level in the late 90s of the last century, is gradually recovering, displacing chemicalization that is harmful to the soil.

Prospects for the peat industry

The use of peat for medicinal purposes is effective. Peat therapy, more effective than mud treatment, allows you to treat various diseases - arthritis, rheumatic conditions, cardiovascular disorders and many other ailments. The procedures are much milder and easier to tolerate by patients.

The prospects and possibilities of the material are underestimated, they need more intensive use and development. Mineral reserves, ease of extraction and processing make peat a profitable, effective material for various fields of activity or industry.