Presentation: Communicative training of employees of internal affairs bodies. Structure, tasks and activities of the units of psychological support for the activities of internal affairs bodies Presentation of the work of a psychologist with police officers
The Center for Psychological Work was established on the basis of the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 428 dated July 2, 2013.
The Center operates on the basis of the Regulations on the Center (Appendix No. 8 to Order No. 84 of the Head of the Kostanay Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan named after Shrakbek Kabylbaev dated June 29, 2016).
The first head of the Center in 2014 was the candidate of pedagogical sciences, police colonel Ilyina Tatyana Aleksandrovna.
From November 2014 to December 2018, the head of the Center for Psychological Work was Police Colonel Olga Vladimirovna Chirzhova.
Currently, the head of the Center for Psychological Work is Police Major Myrzabek Sardarbekovich Tuiganov (order of the head of the Kostanay Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan named after Shrakbek Kabylbaev dated February 21, 2019 No. 41 l / s).
By order of the head of the Kostanay Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 4, 2016 No. 10 l / s, Police Major A.B. Dosmailov. In 2006 she graduated from the Eurasian National University named after L. Gumilyov with honors, qualification - psychologist, teacher of psychology.
The teacher-methodologist of the Center is police captain Venera Serikbekovna Kasenova (order of the head of the Kostanay Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan named after Shrakbek Kabylbaev dated May 24, 2018 No. 76 l / s). In 2017, FSBEI HE "Uzhno-Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University", Chelyabinsk, was awarded a master's degree in the specialty "Psychological and Pedagogical Education".
The inspector of the Center is a senior police lieutenant Olga Alexandrovna Auzhanova (order of the head of the Kostanay Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan named after Shrakbek Kabylbaev dated May 24, 2018 No. 76 l / s). In 2010, she graduated from the Academy of the CMIS of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan with a degree in Pedagogy and Psychology.
The main tasks of the Center for Psychological Work:
- Theoretical and practical training and retraining of specialists - psychologists for bodies and departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
– Conducting fundamental, exploratory, applied scientific research to study problems professional activity employees of the internal affairs bodies.
One of the directions of the center's work is the approbation of existing psychodiagnostic methods and their implementation in the professional activities of psychologists of the internal affairs bodies.
Psychological diagnostics as a branch of psychological knowledge is designed to measure, evaluate and analyze the individual psychological and psychophysiological characteristics of a person, as well as to identify differences between groups of people united by any sign.
Psychodiagnostic methods are specific psychological means. Because they are used for practical purposes, they should be as good as possible to avoid misdiagnosis. Therefore, special requirements are imposed on psychodiagnostic methods, they are developed according to certain rules and tested according to a number of criteria.
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Subject: Psychology
"Psychology in activity police officers ».
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PLAN
Introduction
1. Emotional negative states of police officers and ways to prevent and overcome them
- 2. The main factors of manifestation and prevention of professional deformation of the personality of police officers
- 3. Legal grounds and psychological characteristics of the actions of police officers in official and emergency situations. Security management
- Conclusion
- Split of used literature
Introduction
In the "Concept for the development of internal affairs bodies and internal troops", approved by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. ethical standards, the precise fulfillment of the Oath and orders is defined as a priority. In this regard, the problems of professional and psychological selection, monitoring and strengthening of service discipline and legality among the personnel of the Department of Internal Affairs, being of great relevance, require an appropriate regulatory legal regulation and instrumental and psychological support.
An analysis of departmental disciplinary statistics shows that in 2006, compared with 2005, the number of employees held accountable for violating the law increased by 9.0%, and also by 1.8% for disciplinary violations. Of particular concern is the increase in those brought to justice for committing crimes in units for combating economic crimes (by 33.3%) and in private security (by 15.4%). The state of work with the personnel of internal affairs bodies Russian Federation for 2006: Collection of analytical and informational materials. - M.: TsOKR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2007. - S. 45.
1. Emotional negative states of police officers and ways to prevent and overcome them.
It is known that the activities of police officers are characterized by situations that are distinguished by the presence of factors in them that have the power to influence people and their activities, called extreme ones. In recent years, there has been a tendency to increase the extremeness of the activities of the police department, associated with the detention of criminals, the release of hostages, the use of weapons, the provision of law and order during mass events, natural disasters and emergencies. Extreme (from Latin extremum - extreme, extreme) are situations that pose great difficulties for a person, oblige him to the full, maximum exertion of strength and capabilities in order to cope with them and solve the problem at hand.
results integrated research Psychologists of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia showed that factors such as irregular working hours, constant contact with asocial elements, the need for the full return of mental and physical strength in the suppression of crimes reduce the functional reserves of the body, up to their complete exhaustion. This determines the high requirements for the mental sphere of the personality of police officers, their stress resistance and psychological readiness to work in extreme conditions.
Consequently, prolonged exposure to stressful factors, the presence of a constant vital threat to life, a high probability of death or injury, traumatization place high demands not only on the level of professional preparedness, but also on the psychological qualities of the individual, which determine the psychological readiness for activities in extreme conditions.
Multifaceted studies conducted by Adaev A.I., Abolin L.M., Vasiliev V.A., Volkov A.A., Korchemny P.A., Krupnik E.P., Kon I.S., Platonov K.K. ., Rodionov A. V., Stolyarenko A. M., Smirnov V. N., Tsoi A. A., Chudnovsky V. E., Chovdyrova G. S. and other psychologists allow us to single out one of the essential psychological qualities - the resistance of the personality of an internal affairs officer to extreme situations of official activity.
In the psychological literature, the concept of "stability" has several interpretations. Thus, the word "sustainable" in many countries of the world means "stable, steadfast, firm, durable, strong." The "Dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian Language" gives two synonyms for this word: "stability, balance." In A. Reber's dictionary, "steady" is understood as a characteristic of an individual whose behavior is relatively reliable and consistent.
This versatility of the concept of "stability" is due, first of all, to the fact that the use of this term in relation to the processes of formation, development and formation of a personality, to describe various aspects of its behavior and activities. The following terminological combinations can be found in the literature: “stability of personality”, “stability of behavior”, “stability of (professional) activity”, “resistance to stress”, “emotional stability”, “volitional stability”, “mental stability”, “emotional- volitional stability”, “moral stability”, “psychological stability” (Zavarzina L.V., 2002).
A special place should be given to the psychological stability of police officers - as a kind of foundation for professional readiness to perform actions in extreme conditions of operational activities.
Psychological stability is understood as a holistic personality characteristic that ensures its resistance to the frustrating and stressful effects of difficult situations (Yaroshevsky M. G., 1990).
A law enforcement officer (police patrol service, detention groups of non-departmental security, operational workers, etc.) more often than anyone else finds himself in difficult and sometimes dangerous psychological situations in his daily work, which have a stressful effect on the psyche of an employee.
Therefore, the psychological training of employees in the educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs should be aimed at developing resistance to:
* negative factors of operational activities: tension, responsibility, risk, danger, lack of time, uncertainty, surprise, etc.;
* factors that strongly affect the psyche: the type of blood, corpse, bodily injury, etc .;
* situations of confrontation: the ability to conduct a psychological struggle with persons who oppose the prevention, disclosure and investigation of crimes, to resist psychological pressure, manipulation by both law-abiding citizens and offenders; do not succumb to provocations, etc.;
* conflict situations in official activities: the ability to analyze the internal causes of the conflict, understand the patterns of their occurrence, course and ways to resolve conflict situations: insult and violence against a person, hooliganism, robbery, murder, resistance to a representative of authority, verbal and physical aggression, etc. .; the ability to control oneself in psychologically tense, conflict, provoking situations.
Frequent exposure to dangerous and sometimes life-threatening situations requires these individuals to be able to control themselves, quickly assess difficult situations and make the most appropriate decisions, which will contribute to more efficient performance of tasks and reduce emergencies and disruptions in professional activities among the personnel of internal affairs bodies. affairs.
The inability of an employee to regulate the mental state and actions lead to negative, and often serious consequences, both for himself and for those around him. The inability to control one's behavior reduces the ability of a person's socio-psychological adaptation to given environmental conditions, and is a serious obstacle to realizing his life potential.
On a daily basis, employees of the internal affairs bodies are affected by various factors, often of a stressful nature, which in turn can lead to fatigue, overwork, the emergence of various negative emotional states, and disorders in professional work.
In this regard, mastering the techniques and methods of psychological self-regulation by employees is a very urgent task of modern times. Great successes in official activities are achieved by those employees who have stronger nerves, who are better able to tune in to fight the enemy (criminal), who know how to more rationally manage not only their physical and mental resources, but also maintain neuropsychic activity at an optimal level, to show their psychological stability in difficult situations of operational and service activities.
An analysis of the above works allows us to conclude that the main condition for psychological stability is the actual search activity, in particular, the activity of police officers involved in the educational process.
The high need of employees to search for new abilities and opportunities to counteract negative factors, a creative attitude towards themselves and the surrounding reality, readiness to master the methods of psychological techniques (neurolinguistic programming, psychosynthesis, group therapy, socio-psychological training, etc.) for the regulation of psycho-emotional states will make it possible to overcome destructive the impact of adverse life circumstances and to form the stability of the personality of law enforcement officers.
In the course of passing special initial training by employees of an ordinary and junior commander in the classroom for professional psychological training, the following can be used to form psychological training:
* psychodiagnostics (observation, conversation, testing);
* trainings for the development of professional memory, attention and observation;
* psychophysical trainings to overcome obstacles (complications, obstacle course, labyrinths);
* ideomotor training;
* trainings using elements of surprise, lack of time, noise and fire effects (moral and psychological band);
* trainings on the development of situations related to the perception of suffering, blood, wounds, injuries, killed;
* teaching the basics of autogenic training;
* trainings of self-hypnosis, self-persuasion, mood;
* SPT (situational-figurative psycho-regulatory training, a mental enumeration by an employee of individual value qualities and situations in which he succeeded in something).
The expediency of practical classes, trainings is justified by the existence of a psychological pattern: a person who has repeatedly found himself in difficult conditions and coped with them has more chances to get out of another extreme situation with honor than someone who has never got into them.
The analysis of working conditions for the performance of official tasks by law enforcement officers showed the need to improve the methods of forming psychological resistance to the frustrating and stressful effects of extreme situations of professional activity.
2. The main factors of manifestation and prevention of professional deformation of the personality of police officers
In modern Russia, in the context of the announcement of a course towards building a civil society, an employee of the internal affairs bodies needs not only high professional preparedness, but also stable professional moral and psychological qualities, readiness to resist the influence of factors of professional deformation. However, the problem of professional deformation cannot be considered in isolation from a broader problem - the impact of activity on a person.
Professional deformation of the personality of an internal affairs officer is a change in the professional capabilities and personality of an employee in an asocial direction, resulting from negative features of the content, organization and conditions of work.
Risk factors for professional deformation can be:
instability of individual psychological characteristics;
Level of adaptation to professional activity;
Manifestations of psychological defenses;
· behavioral deviations;
Violations of self-control and self-regulation;
Narrowing of the cognitive sphere;
Features of the intellectual sphere;
Reduced tolerance to emotional stress;
Pronounced emotional tension;
· lack of formation of moral and psychological formations in the structure of personality;
lack of formation of attitudes towards the observance of moral norms.
Forms of manifestation of professional deformation
The personality traits of a professionally deformed employee manifest themselves in different ways and in many combinations, but in the end their development leads to professional uselessness. this employee or (in the worst case) to breaking the law or acting immorally.
The following main indicators of professional deformation can be distinguished:
1. Biased attitude towards the object of official activity - a citizen or a group of citizens who act in various official legal roles.
2. Arbitrary-subjective interpretation of norm-abiding behavior and normative regulation of performance. Its empirical manifestations.
3. Transferring the manner of official communication, individual professional methods and admissions to non-official areas. Professional coarsening of the personality.
Methodological problems of the influence of activity on the personality, the principles of the unity of consciousness and activity are considered in the works of S. L. Rubinshtein, L. S. Vygotsky, B. G. Ananiev, A. N. Leontiev, B. F. Lomov. S. L. Rubinshtein wrote: "Overcoming of abstract functionalism and transition to the study of the psyche in concrete activity, in which it is not only manifested, but also formed." Later, V. N. Myasishchev, emphasizing the importance of studying the relationship between the personality and the subject of activity, pointed out that "the psychology of impersonal processes should be replaced by the psychology of the activity of the individual, or the personality in activity" Myasishchev V. N. Personality and neuroses. - L., 1960. - P.7. .
Discussing the connection between activity and personality, A. N. Kitov singles out such functions of activity in the life of an individual as a specific mechanism for satisfying the needs of an individual; the inner transformable and perceptible world of the personality; "transfer" of personal qualities and properties, abilities and skills of a person to his subject; manifestation not only outside (exteriorization), but at the same time internalization of activity that takes on an ideal form and entails significant changes in the psyche.
For a long time in the domestic psychological and pedagogical science It was understood that labor is the main and main factor in the formation of man. It was believed that a working person is already mature and comprehensively developed. Much has been written about the educational influence of professional activity on the process of only the positive formation of personality. The negative impact of specific specialized work has been much less studied in psychology. So, S. G. Gellershtein at one time called for studying only the positive influence of labor on a person. 19. . For a long time it was believed that labor activity itself guarantees a person from various deformations of consciousness and personality. However, in the psychology of labor, engineering psychology, it is assumed that in labor a person not only “develops” in a positive sense, but also deforms. Although still, A. S. Makarenko wrote that labor has the property of neutrality in relation to the effects of education. He can educate a spiritually rich person, and a slave, and an egoist Makarenko A. S. Soch. T. 5. - S.42. 16 .
The problem of professional deformation developed initially on the basis of scientific works performed by specialists in the field of labor psychology, in industrial medicine, hygiene, sanitation, in safety work, where the relationship between the subjective and purely individual characteristics of professional people was recognized and studied. These interrelations have been studied quite fully, reflecting the psychophysiological aspect of the existence of individuality. However, these works differ significantly in their approaches and conceptual diagrams study.
In legal psychology, the problem of preventing professional deformation of the personality of law enforcement officers has also been reflected. Analysis and systematization of specific works, in one way or another devoted to the problem of professional deformation in the internal affairs department or the police of foreign countries, make it possible to identify certain trends.
The first of them is that some authors (N. L. Granat, A. A. Molchanov, A. A. Ushakov, etc.), considering the problem both specifically and in the context of other problems of the functioning of the police department, either do not disclose essence of professional deformation, or only partially designate it.
The second trend is characterized by the desire to more specifically outline the essence of negative personality changes that relate to professionally important qualities (D. P. Kotov, G. G. Shikhantsov, 1976; V. A. Lazareva, 1987; V. I. Belosludtsev, I. I. Sokolov, 1995; V. S. Medvedev, 1996), in particular, professional orientation (E. A. Kozlovskaya), features of professional thinking (V. E. Konovalova), the emergence or sharpening of cynicism, suspicion, hostility (A. Nieder- hoffer, G. Singleton, J. Teahar) and others.
The third trend is characterized by attempts not only to reveal the essence of professional deformation, but also to determine its determinants (indicators, criteria, causes, manifestations, etc.). In relation to law enforcement, the problem of professional deformation is considered in the works of Budanov A. V., Beznosov S. E., Borisova S. E., Lunina E. N., Medvedev V. C., Novikov B. D., Ratinov A. R. and others. according to the works of A. V. Budanov, professional deformation is a change in the professional capabilities and personal qualities of an employee of the internal affairs bodies in a negative direction under the influence of the conditions and experience of professional activity in the presence of distorted experience or a distorted understanding of professional experience by an employee. Professional deformation begins with the fact that an employee of the internal affairs body “loses the true idea of the moral meaning of his profession. The sense of professional duty is dulled, work seems more and more meaningless, susceptibility to negative influences increases ... ".
The phenomenon of professional deformation has a negative impact on the motivation of the official behavior of police officers, has a wide range of manifestations (in the moral, intellectual, professional and emotional spheres), including a change in attitude towards the object of activity: from complete rejection (aggressiveness, rudeness, rudeness) to forgiveness , non-official ties with criminal elements, moral and material dependence on them, taking on illegal obligations, which ultimately leads to antisocial behavior, legal conflicts.
According to A. V. Budanov, professional deformation can be expressed by an internal affairs officer in the following areas: professional-moral, intellectual, emotional-volitional and the sphere of professional actions. In the professional and moral sphere, deformation manifests itself in the loss of a true understanding of the civil and moral meaning of professional activity, the formation of a sense of its futility, the development of an indifferent attitude to work, or a tendency to consider professional activity as a means of achieving purely personal, selfish goals.
In the intellectual sphere, deformation manifests itself as a loss of the ability for independent professional thinking and decision-making, for independent professional development, in template
3. Legal grounds and psychological features of the actions of police officers in official emergency situations. Security management.
The penitentiary system (penal system) of the Ministry of Justice (Ministry of Justice) of Russia includes special units (special purpose departments), which were formed in the early 1990s in order to implement functions specific to the penitentiary system: suppression and elimination of riots in places of deprivation freedom; the neutralization of armed criminals and the release of persons taken hostage in penitentiary institutions; participation in the search and detention of convicts and persons in custody who have escaped, etc.
When participating in the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus, the employees of the Special Purpose Departments (OSN) of the penal system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, in addition to the above (and mainly), also perform the functions of protecting important state facilities, escorting various persons and cargo.
During the explosion of the complex of government buildings in the capital of the Chechen Republic on December 27, 2002, employees of the DOS of the penitentiary system, who guarded it, were killed and injured. The specifics of business trips for employees of the “special forces” who guard and defend the Grozny detention center is the need to serve in a limited space with frequent combat contact with the enemy. Special-purpose departments are in similar conditions in other regions of Chechnya.
In all such cases, OSN are used, in fact, as army units. Meanwhile, the “special forces” of the penitentiary system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia were not initially intended and not adapted (insufficient weapons, fundamentally different from military tactics) for military combat.
In connection with the complex range of tasks solved by the fighters of the special forces of the penitentiary system in the North Caucasus, the problem of psychological support for their service and combat activities (SBD) has arisen.
The main goal of such support is: the optimal use of the psychological resources of the DOS employees, which ensure their successful performance of operational and service and service-combat tasks in the North Caucasus region; restoration, preservation and improvement of the efficiency of fighters.
Stages of psychological support
In general, the system of psychological support for the SBD of DOS employees during the counter-terrorist operation is an activity that, from an organizational point of view, can be divided into three stages.
The first stage is psychological preparation for work in extreme conditions. The activities carried out at this stage include professional training, staffing the unit, taking into account the socio-psychological patterns and individual personal characteristics of the fighters.
The second stage - psychological support in the "hot spot" - includes measures for the psychological support of personnel in the course of performing service and combat missions.
The third stage is psychological work with special forces soldiers upon returning to permanent place deployment - involves the implementation of measures for the psychological rehabilitation of employees, as well as the use of the positive consequences of extreme situations to optimize the training of DOS personnel.
At each of the three stages of psychological support for the activities of DOS employees participating in the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus, various organizational and methodological approaches are used, as well as a specific algorithm for the actions of psychologists.
This scheme of organization of psychological support assumes the complexity, consistency and effectiveness of the measures taken, the restoration and support of the ability of special forces soldiers to perform service and combat missions.
Tasks of psychological preparation
At the stage of psychological preparation of employees for a business trip to North Caucasus the main tasks are:
psychological examination of personnel sent on a business trip;
psychological support for the recruitment and group cohesion of the dispatched units;
· special psychological training of employees and groups departing on a business trip.
From the above tasks, the main directions of work of psychologists at this stage follow:
psychological diagnostics of personnel sent on a business trip;
study of the socio-psychological climate and psycho-diagnostics of the group cohesion of the formed units;
· training employees in methods and techniques of psychological self-regulation in everyday and extreme activities.
The implementation of areas of work is organized by the head of the special purpose department together with his deputies and is carried out by a psychologist. GUIN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia. M., 2003. .
psychological selection
How does the DOS psychologist carry out such work in practice?
1 - psychological selection. The predisposition in long-term extreme conditions to such negative manifestations as the weakening of self-discipline and the decrease in moral control can be predicted with the help of psychodiagnostic examinations already at the preliminary stage, when talking with the selected candidate Berdnikov V.S., Kazurova E.S. Primary selection of candidates for service in the DOS. Rostov-on-Don, 2002; Kreneva Yu.A. Psychodiagnostic methods used to select candidates for service in the DOS. Rostov-on-Don, 2002. for secondment to a "hot spot".
Specialists of the psychological service of the penitentiary system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia use a set of measures in the selection of DOS fighters. These activities include:
conversations with the candidate (autobiographical nuances, behavioral manifestations, voluntariness of participation in a business trip, the presence of penalties, the state of relationships in the family, etc. are clarified);
Psychodiagnostic examination (SMIL, L.N. Sobchik), test of color choices (M. Luscher), "Sixteen-factor personality questionnaire", R. Cattell).
In general, we can talk about the following main psychological "contraindications" to secondment to serve in the zone of the counter-terrorist operation: inadequate attitudes and distorted motivation (for example, the predominance of material motives - a business trip as an opportunity to "earn extra money"), low stress resistance, poor self-control, aggressiveness, low sociometric status of a special forces officer, etc.
Psychological preparation
2 - psychological preparation. Training should be aimed at: improving the efficiency of performing professional tasks; to ensure personal safety Patsakul I.I. Psychology of professional security of employees of special forces of law enforcement agencies in extreme conditions of activity (on the materials of a study of individual professional security): Abstract of the thesis. dis. … cand. psychol. Sciences. Ryazan, 2001.
; to preserve the physical and mental health employees The program of psychological training of employees of special units of the Department of Internal Affairs operating in emergency situations, including armed conflicts: Methodological recommendations. M., 1997. . In extreme training conditions, due to the great dynamism of ongoing events, their combat mental states come to the fore in terms of significance and influence on the behavior of employees, which allow you to quickly resolve the kaleidoscope of changing situations Smirnov V.N. Features of professional and psychological training of employees of special units of internal affairs bodies for actions in extreme conditions. M., 2002.; The ability for arbitrary self-regulation of functional states as a criterion for determining the professional success of employees of special purpose departments of the penitentiary system: Working programm. MPL GUIN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia for the Rostov Region. Rostov-on-Don, 2002. .
Formation of moral and psychological readiness
Employees of the psychological service of the penitentiary system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, before sending employees of the DOS to a "hot spot", carry out a number of special events to form the moral and psychological readiness of the personnel for activities in extreme conditions. These include:
Information preparation (ethnographic features of the region of the upcoming service, the background of the conflict, the causes of its occurrence, the features of the operational situation and the state of affairs at the present stage, the national character and folk traditions, the peculiarities of interethnic communication of the conflicting parties, normative and legislative acts regulating the activities of the DOS);
the development of each employee's conviction in the validity of the goals and objectives facing the department during his stay in this region (this criterion includes the confidence of the OSN fighters in humanity and the need for measures taken by the Russian government to localize and resolve the conflict, a sense of legal and social security each employee and his family members);
preparation of personnel for service in extraordinary conditions (weather, difficult domestic, social isolation, or even a hostile attitude towards employees of the surrounding civilian population, physical and fire confrontation);
Developing the ability of DOS employees to act autonomously if necessary;
development of special abilities and skills (providing first aid to the victim; communication with representatives of the conflicting parties, suggesting knowledge of offensive, friendly, attention-grabbing, conducive to conversation, meaning greeting or apology gestures and expressions, the ability to determine by external signs the readiness of the interlocutor for aggressive actions or win over citizens in the process of communication, arouse in them a sense of respect; the ability to resist "soft pressure", i.e. resistance to the requests of civilians expressed in the form of an invitation to visit, offering gifts, "tearful" persuasion for help, etc. .p., and associated, as a rule, with violations of job descriptions, deviation from the established route, ignoring the rules for maintaining official information, etc.).
Formation of sustainable motivation
The practical implementation of the psychological support of the DOS fighters is the psychological training of special forces officers Rekhtina N.V. The concept of psychological training of special forces employees and its implementation on the example of the work of the OSNB "Corsair": Report. GUIN Min. Justice of Russia in the NSO. Novosibirsk, 2002.
The main idea: the formation of sustainable employee motivation for professional development through a clear definition of the role position of a professional fighter.
When performing a task, a professional relies on the skills acquired during training. Emotions only interfere with this, changing the physiological state and distorting attention, memory, thinking, making a person vulnerable. Emotional arousal causes the main goal to be replaced by an emotional one, which “blurs” main goal and hinders the completion of the task. To complete the task using professional skills, you need to cope with yourself. Therefore, in addition to special skills, self-regulation skills are needed to separate emotions from the task.
A special forces officer is a warrior and he has to live two lives: according to the laws of peace and according to the laws of war. Without dividing peace and war, finding himself in an extreme combat situation, a person, without realizing it, shows his personality, behavior stereotypes, a system of expectations that have been formed in peacetime. It's not safe for him. The employee must master the art necessary for a warrior - not to show his own personality, an art based on accurate calculations and solid skills. For his own safety, a warrior needs a role and skills suitable for wartime.
Extreme Psychological Skills
V.N. Smirnov. Professional extreme-psychological training is carried out in two stages.
Preliminary professional extreme-psychological training: assimilation of extreme-psychological knowledge and skills, acquisition of extreme-psychological skills, control over the regulation of mental states favorable for work in extreme conditions.
Training specifics
Direct professional extreme-psychological training: extreme-psychological training, which is carried out in the process of complex exercises and focuses on professional perception, regulation of combat mental states favorable for working in extreme conditions and modeling the “unknown” factor Smirnov V.N. There. .
Of interest is the socio-psychological training (SPT) as part of the psychological training of the DOS of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, developed in the interregional psychological laboratory of the GUIN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia in the Rostov Region. In this training, the main methods of working with a group are game methods. psychological training as part of the training of DOS employees for actions in extreme situations: Toolkit. MPL GUIN MJ RF in RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002. . A feature of SPT is the fact that the list of games and exercises is not a rigid training program. A practical psychologist has the opportunity to select for work with each specific group those exercises that, in his opinion, can help to activate the participants to the greatest extent, open them from different angles, help them realize their own capabilities. It should be noted that the staff of the interregional psychological laboratory of the GUIN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia in the Rostov Region is a recognized authority in the development of issues of extreme training for employees of special forces of the Ministry of Justice of Russia. MPL GUIN MJ RF in RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002; Methods of providing emergency psychological assistance to employees located in a "hot spot": Methodological guide. MPL GUIN MJ RF in RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002; The program of psychological support for employees of special purpose departments of the penitentiary system in the "hot spot": Work program. MPL GUIN MJ RF in RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002; The program for diagnosing the functional states of employees of the penitentiary system who are in an extreme situation: Work program. MPL GUIN MJ RF in RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002. .
Stress factors
Among the stress factors that significantly affect the psychological state of employees in the conflict zone, the following can be distinguished: the use of special forces of the penitentiary system in most cases as military special forces in military operations (while not having sufficient heavy and special weapons and equipment) with weak interaction with adjacent power structures, or without it at all; an absolutely real and almost constant threat of death, injury, injury, illness - both in relation to oneself and comrades; violation of the biological rhythm of sleep and wakefulness (the need for round-the-clock security); constant household deprivation; poor awareness of the personnel about the actual state of affairs and the operational situation in the region; insufficient provision (food, equipment, weapons, ammunition); inadequately low pay for heavy and dangerous service; being in a hostile environment with a foreign language, culture, traditions; ambiguous relationships with local residents and government officials; constant identification of others: friend or foe, and as a result - constant alertness, suspicion, categorical judgments, excessive rigidity.
Combat psychotraumas and their prevention
The accumulation of these and similar factors of mental stress of employees during the performance of the SBS in the zone of armed conflict, as well as direct participation in combat, can lead to the appearance of combat psychotrauma (BPT). In this regard, it is necessary:
· Personnel seconded to the zone of armed conflict should be placed compactly, with appropriate security. Breaking down into smaller groups different places dislocations to a minimum. If this is not possible, then leaders and a psychologist should visit these groups as often as possible;
early active identification of persons with developing maladaptive reactions or personality decompensations;
obligatory communication with the "mainland", with relatives, regular informing the personnel about the situation in the region;
· the commander, deputy for work with personnel, psychologist to carry out constant work to establish good-neighborly relations with the local population;
· during the period of operational rest (by the way, which is one of the most difficult periods), after a short rest, organize reasonable employment of personnel, pay attention to leisure, physical training, and general information classes.
Conclusion
Thus, the prerequisite for the behavior of an internal affairs officer, the source of his activity is the need. Needing certain conditions, the police officer seeks to eliminate the deficit that has arisen. The emerging need causes motivational excitation (of the corresponding nerve centers) and induces the body to a certain type of activity. At the same time, all the necessary memory mechanisms are revived, data on the presence of external conditions and on the basis of this purposeful action is formed.
I hope that the work I have developed has illuminated the necessary list of questions that is needed when studying this topic. But I also note that the issues disclosed by my work do not have the necessary comprehensiveness and depth of disclosure of the entire topic. Some of them, of course, require deeper theoretical study and practical tests.
I put forward a suggestion that further theoretical development of this topic is necessary.
List of used literature:
1. Ananiev B.G. On the methods of modern psychology. In: Psychological Methods. L., 1976.
1. Ananiev B.G. On the problems of modern human knowledge. Moscow: Nauka, 1977.
2. Vasiliev V.L. Legal psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
3. Gamezo M.V., Domashenko I.A. Atlas of psychology: Inform.-method.benefit for the course "Human Psychology". - M.: Russian Pedagogical Agency, 1998.
4. Enikeev M.I., "Fundamentals of General and Legal Psychology" M., 1996.
5. Enikeev M.I., Kochetkov O.L., General, social and legal psychology. Brief encyclopedic dictionary. M.: Yurid. lit., 1997.
6. Lomov BF Methodological and theoretical problems of psychology. Moscow: Nauka, 1984.
7. Maklakov A.G. General psychology. - St. Petersburg: Piter, 2001.
8. General psychology. Ed. A.V. Petrovsky. - M.: Enlightenment, 1986.
9. Psychological Dictionary / Ed. V.P. Zinchenko, B.G. Meshcheryakova. M., Pedagogy-Press, 1997.
10. Psychology and pedagogy. Ed. A.A. Radugina. - M.: Center, 1999.
11. Romanov V.V. Legal psychology. - M.: Jurist, 2001.
12. Rubinstein S.L. Fundamentals of General Psychology: In 2 vols. T.I.-M.: Pedagogy, 1989.
13. Stolyarenko L.D. Fundamentals of psychology. Rostov n/a. Publishing house "Phoenix", 1997.
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MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
KRASNODAR UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGY
PSYCHOLOGY
IN STAFF ACTIVITIES
OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS
METHODOLOGICAL MATERIALS
students in the specialty
030900.62 Law
Krasnodar
Psychology in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies: Educational and methodological materials for students of the faculty of distance learning (specialty 030900.62 Jurisprudence) / Compiled by Krasnodar: Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2013. - 33 p.
Discussed and approved at a meeting of the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy on November 17, 2012, Protocol No. 7
© Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2013.
I. General guidelines students in the study of the discipline "Psychology in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies."
The course “Psychology in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies” has great importance for professional training of future law enforcement officers.
Employees of internal affairs bodies, due to the specifics of their professional activities, have to work with people on a daily basis. List them functional duties, involving the processes of communication and management, is extensive. They conduct conversations, interrogations, interrogations, public speaking, etc.
In the process of implementing these and other measures, internal affairs officers often need to establish psychological contact and trusting relationships with citizens, encourage them to act in the interests of the law, and persuade them to give truthful testimony. They need to be able to determine the mental state of the interlocutor, control themselves in a difficult, extreme situation of physical and psychological confrontation with a criminal, have an educational impact on a minor who has embarked on the wrong path in life, find words of consolation for the victim, a person who has suffered from criminal encroachments.
The tasks of fighting crime require that in new social conditions modern Russia, employees of the internal affairs bodies had high level psychological preparation, similar to the one that has always distinguished the best Russian detectives and their colleagues from the police in other countries of the world.
Objectives of the discipline:
The purpose of mastering the discipline "Psychology in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies" is the formation of cadets' psychological skills and abilities that allow them to ensure the high-quality implementation of professional activities; learn how to communicate effectively with various categories citizens and conflict resolution in official activities.
Discipline tasks:
To form an idea of the role of psychological knowledge in the professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies;
To teach cadets (listeners) the psychological features of the negotiation process;
To form professional communication skills in the process of establishing psychological contact;
To teach cadets (students) to use the methods of self-regulation of mental states in the process of professional activity, including in extreme conditions.
As a result of studying the discipline, the cadet (listener) must:
Know:
Psychological features of the activities of employees of various law enforcement services; (OK-1, OK-5, OK-6, OK - 7, OK-8, OK - 10, PC-2, PC-10, PC-13, PC-14, PC-15, PC-16, PC -twenty);
Fundamentals of psychoprophylaxis of negative psychological conditions (OK-8, OK - 11, PC-25);
Psychological requirements for the personality of a law enforcement officer (OK-1, OK-5, OK-6, OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-10, PC- 13, PK-14, PK-15, PK-16, PK-20, PK-25);
Psychological foundations of professional communication of law enforcement officers (OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-25);
Causes and psychological foundations for preventing and resolving conflicts in professional activities (OK-5, OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, PC-5, PC-25);
Psychological foundations for the production of investigative actions (OK-1, OK-6, OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-5, PC-10, PC-13, PC-14, PK-15, PK-16, PK-20, PK-25);
Psychological characteristics of participants in the criminal process (OK-1, OK-6, OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, PC-2, PC-10, PC-14, PC-16, PC-20, PC-25) .
Be able to:
Use psychological knowledge in the process of professional activity (OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-25);
Correctly build communication with colleagues in the service team and with citizens (OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-25);
Diagnose the causes of the conflict, develop and apply strategies for behavior during the conflict, use various methods and ways to prevent and positively resolve conflicts (OK-5, OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, PC-5, PC-25);
Use the methods of self-regulation of mental states in the process of professional activity, including in extreme conditions (OK-8, OK-10, PC-25).
Own :
Skills in the use of psychological methods and techniques in order to effective solution service tasks (OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-25);
The skills of establishing psychological contact, visual psychodiagnostics and psychological impact, correct behavior in a conflict situation (OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, PC-2, PC-10, PC-25);
Positive communication skills in the process of professional activity (OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-25).
To better consolidate knowledge in this course, students should pay attention to the close connection of the topics studied with the legal sciences, and rely on knowledge from the relevant previously studied disciplines.
additional literature
§ What is psychology: In 2 volumes - M .: Mir, 2002.
§ Granovskaya practical psychology. - L., 2001.
§ Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Psychology of individual differences. Reader, ed. Gippenreiter. M., 2000.
§ Legal psychology. Reader. M., 2000.
Tasks for self-test:
1. Psychic Reflection:
a) is an exact copy of the surrounding reality;
b) is selective;
c) provide a photograph of the impact environment;
d) does not depend on reflection conditions.
2. Socio-psychological manifestations of the personality, its relationship with people is studied by psychology:
b) social;
c) pedagogical;
3. The main method of modern psychology is:
a) testing
b) introspection
c) experiment
d) observation
4. Purposeful, systematically carried out perception of objects, in the knowledge of which the person is interested, is:
a) experiment;
b) content analysis;
c) observation;
d) method of analysis of products of activity.
5. The concept of "self-observation" is synonymous with the term:
a) introversion;
b) introjection;
c) introspection;
d) introscopy.
6. Obtaining by the subject of data on his own mental processes and states at the time of their occurrence or after it is:
a) observation;
b) experiment;
c) testing;
d) self-observation.
7. The active intervention of the researcher in the activities of the subject in order to create conditions for establishing a psychological fact is called:
a) content analysis;
b) product analysis;
c) conversation;
d) experiment.
8. Depending on the situation, an observation can be distinguished:
a) field;
b) solid;
c) systematic,
d) discrete.
9. The ability of the researcher to cause some kind of mental process or property is the main advantage:
a) observations;
b) experiment;
c) content analysis;
d) product analysis.
Topic 2The main socio-psychological characteristics of the personality of a police officer.
The main content of the topic:
The concept of personality in psychology and legal science. Individual, personality, individuality. Biological and social in the structure of personality. Worldview basis, value orientations, orientation, motivational sphere of personality. Basic theories of personality in modern domestic and foreign psychology. The life path of the individual and its socialization. Formation and development of personality (main stages).
The goals of studying personality in the professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies. Psychological methods for studying the personality of subjects of law enforcement activity. Methods and techniques for studying a person's individuality by an employee of the internal affairs bodies. The use by an employee of the internal affairs bodies of psychological knowledge about a person in professional activities.
Knowledge, skills and habits. Skills and skills as structural elements of activity. Education skills and abilities. Motor skills and abilities. Cognitive skills and abilities. Practical skills and abilities. The concept of habit and its place in the structure of activity.
Professiogram of an employee of the internal affairs bodies. Social, reconstructive, organized, authenticating, communicative, search activity of an employee of the internal affairs bodies (,).
The general structure of the human motivational sphere. Interests, tasks, desires, intentions as motivational dispositions. The concept of motivation as a conscious and unconscious process. Dispositive and situational determinants of behavior. Correlation of dispositions (motives), needs and goals. A. Maslow's pyramid of needs.
Motivation and personality. Motivation, self-esteem, the level of claims. Behavior of people with different motives in extreme situations. Motivation prosocial and a social behavior. Altruism and empathy as motives. Motivation for aggressiveness and frustration.
The concept of abilities. Ability concepts. Abilities and orientation of the individual. The ratio of acquired and natural in abilities. Inclinations as the primary natural basis of abilities. Inclinations. Ability structure. Abilities and typology of people. Psychological criteria for the suitability of employees of internal affairs bodies for service.
The concept of temperament. Types of temperaments and the use of knowledge about them in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies. Distinctive aspects of each type of temperament. Temperament and basic properties of the human nervous system. Psychological characteristics of temperament. Accounting by an employee of the internal affairs bodies of the type of human temperament in the production of investigative actions.
The concept of character. The nature and temperament of a person. Typology of characters (E. Kretschmer, K. Leonhard, E. Fromm and others). Character formation. The role of character in overall structure personality. The use of knowledge about character in the practice of professional communication of an employee of the internal affairs bodies.
Questions to the topic:
1. The emotional sphere of the employee's personality and the ways of its development.
When studying this issue, it is necessary to consider in more detail the difference between emotions and feelings, as well as the forms of manifestation of emotions. It is especially important to consider such forms as: stress, affect.
2. Volitional sphere of personality.
When considering the issue, it is necessary to study the volitional qualities of the individual, required by employees internal affairs bodies and ways of developing volitional qualities.
The most important for employees to study the problems of motivation and orientation of the individual is to consider the motivation of antisocial and criminal behavior.
4. Types of temperament and their consideration in the psychological assessment of a person.
When considering this issue, it is of the greatest importance that an employee of the internal affairs bodies take into account the type of human temperament in the production of investigative actions.
5. Character properties and their consideration when compiling the characteristics of an internal affairs officer.
The study of this issue must begin with a typology of character and the application of knowledge about character in the practice of professional communication of an employee of the internal affairs bodies.
6. The structure of human abilities.
When considering this issue, it is necessary to focus on the ratio of acquired and natural abilities, as well as on the psychological criteria for the suitability of employees of the internal affairs bodies for service.
Main literature
§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: Practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
additional literature
§ Nemov: Proc. For students. - M., 1994. - Book 1.
§ (Psychology of personality. - S.
§ Psychology and pedagogy: Tutorial for universities / Comp. . - M., 1999 (Psychology of personality. General and individual in the human psyche. - C
§ Psychology of Personality. Texts. - M., 1982. (What is a personality (); 11-19. Some features psychological structure personalities (): Basic ideal types of personality (E. Spranger): 55-60. Self-actualization (A. Maslow).
Tasks for self-test:
1. Feelings associated with cognitive activity are called feelings:
a) moral
b) intellectual
c) aesthetic
d) practical
2. A strong, persistent, lasting feeling that captures a person and owns him is called:
a) affect
b) passion
c) mood
d) feeling
3. A strong emotional state of an explosive nature that affects the entire personality, characterized by a violent course, a change in consciousness and a violation of volitional control, is:
b) passion
c) frustration
4. The state of increasing emotional stress that occurs in conflict situations, obstacles associated with strong motivation - a threat to the well-being of the individual - is:
b) frustration
c) mood
5. States, the content of which is an insurmountable fear of specific situations, objects, creatures or an indefinite objectless fear, are called:
a) affect
b) phobias
c) stress
d) frustration
6. Will - regulation by a person of his behavior, associated with overcoming internal and external obstacles. This regulation:
a) conscious
b) unconscious
c) intuitive
d) involuntary
7. The ability of a person to independently make responsible decisions and steadily implement them in activities characterizes him:
a) persistence
b) independence
c) integrity
d) decisiveness
8. The ability of a person to a long and unrelenting tension of energy, a steady movement towards the intended goal is manifested as:
a) persistence
b) consciousness
c) optimism
d) diligence
9. The ability of a person to determine his actions, focusing not on the pressure of others, not on random influences, but on the basis of his beliefs, knowledge, characterizes him:
a) persistence
b) independence
c) integrity
d) self-confidence
Topic 3. Psychological and pedagogical features of adaptation and deformation of the personality of police officers.
The main content of the topic:
The concept of adaptation. History of studying the problems of adaptation. adaptation mechanisms. levels of adaptation. Types of adaptation. Physiological, mental, social adaptation in the activities of law enforcement officers.
Professional adaptation and its role in the activities of the Department of Internal Affairs. Features of adaptation at different periods of professional development of employees of internal affairs bodies.
Adaptation in extreme conditions. Mechanisms to prevent maladaptation of law enforcement officers.
The concept of "suicide". Theories of suicidal behavior. Psychopathological, psychological, sociological concept of suicidal behavior. Psychological crisis states as a factor one of the factors causing suicide.
Causes, conditions and motives of suicides. Causes of suicides of employees of internal affairs bodies. Anti-suicidal personality factors.
Employee suicide prevention.
Questions to the topic:
1. The concept of adaptation. Types of adaptation.
When studying this issue, it is necessary to pay attention to such types of adaptation as: physiological, psychological, social and professional.
2. Professional deformation.
Consideration of the issue of studying deformation must begin with the concept of "deformation" and "professional deformation".
3. Psychological prevention of professional deformation.
It is advisable to start studying the prevention of professional deformation with the forms of manifestation and methods for preventing professional deformation.
4. Causes, conditions and motives for suicides of police officers.
When considering this issue, the closest attention should be paid to studying the causes and motives for suicides of police officers.
5. Prevention of suicidal behavior of police officers.
This question is aimed at theoretical study and practical use preventive measures to prevent suicidal behavior.
Main literature
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.
§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001
§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko of general psychology. M., 1999.
additional literature
§ Beznosov deformation and personality education // Psychological support of human social development. - L., 1989.
§ Beznosov personality deformation: approaches, concepts, method: Abstract for the competition degree Doctor of Psychology. - St. Petersburg, 1997.
§ Belosludtsev of psychological support for the prevention of professional deformation of employees of correctional institutions // Psychopedagogy in law enforcement agencies. №2. 1997.
§ Borisova deformation of the employee's personality // Encyclopedia of Legal Psychology / Ed. ed. prof. . - M., 2003.
§ Borisov's deformation of police officers and its personal determinants: Abstract for the degree of candidate of psychological sciences. - M., 1998., Tikhonenko of suicidal behavior: Method. Recommendations. M., 1980.
§ Bulatsel from ancient times to the present day. M., 1991.
§ Prevention of suicides of employees of internal affairs bodies. Methodological recommendations under the general editorship. Moscow Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation 1999.
§ Psychological support for the professional activities of police officers. Guidelines. Ed. et al. St. Petersburg, 1998.
Tasks for self-test:
1. The set of physiological reactions that underlies the adaptation of the body to changing environmental conditions and aimed at maintaining the relative constancy of its internal environment is called adaptation:
a) physiological
b) psychological
c) social
d) communicative
2. The presence of mechanisms of conscious self-regulation is the main difference:
a) physiological adaptation
b) psychological adaptation
c) social adaptation
d) biological adaptation
3. The adaptation of the individual to the conditions of interaction in society is called:
a) physiological adaptation
b) psychological adaptation
c) social adaptation
d) interactive adaptation
4. The mental state of a person caused by objectively insurmountable difficulties that arose in achieving a goal or solving a problem is called:
a) stress
b) frustration
c) neurosis
d) fatigue
5. A condition characterized by a temporary decrease in performance under the influence of prolonged exposure to a load is called:
a) fatigue
c) stress
d) neurosis
6. Suicidal behavior manifests itself in the following forms:
a) external
b) emotional
c) behavioral
d) characterological
7. Stages of development of suicidal behavior do not include:
a) intentions
c) intentions
8. External forms of suicidal behavior do not appear:
a) depressive states
b) alcohol abuse
c) intentional infliction of harm to one's health
d) causing harm to other people
Topic 4. Psychology of professional communication of police officers.
The main content of the topic:
The concept of communication. Unity of communication and activity. Types of communication. Social adaptation and social autonomy. Communicative, interactive, perceptual aspects of communication. Features of professional communication of an employee of the internal affairs bodies. Communication is the exchange of information. Communication and speech.
Mechanisms and patterns of perception of a person by a person. Communication as interpersonal interaction. Types of psychological influence. social control and social norms as a system of regulation, interaction and relationships between people. Forms and role expectations in communication processes. Communication is the way people understand each other. Basic rules of productive communication.
Questions to the topic:
1. The concept of "communication" in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies.
When considering this issue, the most important is the analysis of the diversity of definitions of communication and the role of communication in legal practice.
2. Characteristics and content of communication. Mechanisms of influence in the process of communication.
The study of this issue should begin with the peculiarities of the mechanisms of influence in the process of professional communication of police officers.
3. The structure of communication between employees of internal affairs bodies .
The most important in the study of this issue is the psychological feature of each of the parties to the structure of communication.
4. Types of communication between police officers.
When studying this issue, the greatest attention should be paid to the classification of communication and to note the distinctive features of each type of communication.
5.Psychological components of professional communication of employees of internal affairs bodies.
Consideration of this issue aims to familiarize with the psychological components of professional communication of an employee of the internal affairs bodies: tactics, stages, methods of communication.
Main literature
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Psychology of communication. M., 2002
§ Kazarinova communication. Lecture notes. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
Additional literature:
§ Gender and character. – M.: Forum, 1991.
§ Tricks of language. Changing beliefs with NLP. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Master of communication. Tips from a practicing psychologist St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002
§ Psychology of influence St. Petersburg: Peter, 2001
§ Body language. - Nizhny Novgorod: IQ Publishing House, 1992.
§ Development of effective communication skills St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002
§ Your secret weapon in communication. Facial expression, gesture, movement: Abbr. per. with him. - M.: JSC "Interexpert", 1996.
§ Collection of normative legal acts and documents regulating the activities of psychologists of bodies and departments of internal affairs. - M .: GUK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2001.
§ Tikhonov special personality traits in the process of professional training of employees, 2000
§ Tomilova - psychological conditions for the professional development of young police officers. M., 2000
§ Tutorial of communication. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Filatov psychology. Lecture notes. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House, 2000.
§ Psychology of influence. - St. Petersburg, 2002.
§ Social Psychology. Understand others to understand yourself St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002
§ П Psychology of influence: hidden control, manipulation and protection against them. - M., 2002
§ Eric Bern. Games People Play. People who play games. - St. Petersburg, 2002. Sign language - the path to success. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
Tasks for self-test:
1. Speech is:
a) mental phenomenon
b) reflection process
c) exchange of information between people
d) mental activity
2. Speech does not happen:
a) internal
b) external
c) active
d) egocentric
3. Interest in another person can be non-verbally expressed:
a) hands placed on hips
c) stare
d) lightly touching it with hands
4. The main styles of communication are not:
a) ritual communication
b) social communication
c) manipulative communication
d) humanistic communication.
5. A feature of professional communication of employees is
a) extraordinary breadth and diversity of communication
b) planned and well-organized communication
c) forced nature,
d) high degree of conflict
Topic 5. Socio-psychological characteristics of the subdivision of police officers.
The main content of the topic:
The concept of a group in social psychology. Group classification. Small group structure. Position, status, internal setting and role. Composition and moral value orientations. psychological compatibility. social norms and their functions. Formation of a small group as a team. Critical periods in the development of the team, their significance and ways to overcome them. The concept of excess activity. Leadership and group leadership. Personal characteristics of a leader. Leadership styles: authoritarian, democratic and liberal.
Interpersonal relations in groups and collectives. official and informal relationships. Relationships of leadership, leadership and subordination. Business and personal, rational and emotional relationships. Collectivist relations, their characteristics. Approaches to the study of relationships in a group: static and dynamic. The nature of the relationship depending on the level of development of the group. Interpersonal conflicts in the group and their classification. Sociometry and a static picture of intra-group relationships (J. Moreno).
Mass socio-psychological phenomena. Crowd, psychological mechanisms of its formation. Psychological methods of managing people in various types crowds (panic, a crowd of rampaging fans at the stadium, unauthorized rallies, mass civil unrest) used by employees of the internal affairs bodies.
Accounting in social psychology of sexual, ethnic and age phenomena.
Group factors in the origin and development of antisocial behavior. Psychological characteristics of criminal groups. primitive group. The structure of the primitive group.
The concept of the crowd. Types of crowd: casual, conventional, aggressive, acting. Socio-psychological conditions for the emergence and development of the crowd. Socio-psychological structure of the crowd. The role of the leader in the crowd. Rumors and their varieties. The role of rumors in the crowd. Panic. Types of panic Actions of employees of internal affairs bodies to prevent panic. Psychological features of the actions of employees to prevent and suppress associative forms of non-collective behavior.
Questions to the topic:
1. Criteria for the allocation of social groups. Typology of social groups.
In this issue, the most in-depth attention should be paid to the criteria for identifying groups and the psychological characteristics of each of the social groups.
2. Primitive group. Structure, rules.
When considering this issue, consideration of the psychological characteristics of the primitive group becomes relevant.
3. Subjects of non-collective behavior.
Consideration of the characteristics of subjects of non-collective behavior becomes relevant in the field of activity of police officers, on this basis, it is advisable to dwell on the psychological patterns of interaction with subjects of non-collective behavior.
4. Types of the crowd and their features.
When considering this issue, it is necessary to consider in detail the types of the crowd and the stages of development of relationships in the crowd.
5. Aggressive crowd as a subject of non-collective behavior.
In studying this issue, the greatest attention should be paid to the actions and preventive measures to prevent aggressive behavior.
Main literature
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.
§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001
§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko of general psychology. M., 1999.
additional literature
§ Andreeva psychology. M., 1994.
§ Anikeeva climate in the team. - M., 1989. (The concept of the psychological climate in the team: 3-16. The effectiveness of group activities: 87-120).
§ Bodalev and understanding of man by man. M., 1982. From 5-
§ , Dubrovskaya small group. M., 1991.
§ Nemov. M., 1994. S. 431-433.
§ Psychology of emotions: Texts. Empathy. From 87.
§ Rubinstein and ways of development of psychology. M, 1960. P. 180-181.
Tasks for self-test:
1. Groups do not differ according to the criterion of organization
a) formal
b) informal
c) semi-formal
d) relatively formal
2. Groups are not distinguished by the criterion of existence time
a) short-term
b) permanent
c) episodic
d) temporary
3. Group,in which the individual is forced to be at the present moment
a) stay group
b) presence group
c) finding group
d) pastime group
4. A spontaneously emerging formation based on the basest motives of its members is
a) primitive hostel
c) primitive group
d) team
5. Does it correspond to the structure of "primitive" groups?
a) flexible hierarchical structure
b) rigid hierarchical structure
c) no hierarchical structure
d) indefinite hierarchical structure
Topic 6. Characteristics, prevention and resolution of conflicts in the activities of law enforcement officers.
The main content of the topic:
Conflicts in communication. Essence, structure and classification of conflicts. Conflict situation. Incident. Types of conflicts. constructive conflict. destructive conflict. intrapersonal conflict. Functions of conflicts: signal, diagnostic, restorative, regulatory. The reasons contributing to the emergence of conflicts and an unfavorable socio-psychological climate in the teams of employees of internal affairs bodies: objective, subjective, objective-subjective. Ways to prevent and resolve conflicts in the activities of police officers.
Questions to the topic:
1. Essence, structure and classification of conflicts.
When considering this issue, it is necessary to consider in more detail the classification of conflicts depending on the classification criteria.
2. Prevention and resolution of conflicts.
The main focus of attention in the study of this issue should be directed to ways and means of preventing or optimally resolving conflicts.
3. The nature of conflicts in the police department.
Considering this issue, it is necessary to find out the nature, causes and characteristics of conflicts in the internal affairs bodies.
Main literature
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.
§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001
§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko of general psychology. M., 1999.
additional literature
§ Avdeev KV. Psychotechnology solutions problem situations. - M, 1992.
§ Ageev B. C. Intergroup interaction: socio-psychological problems. - M., 1990.
§ Andreev: the art of arguing, negotiating, conflict resolution. - Kazan, 1992.
§ , Shipilov. - M., 2001.
§ Babosov EM. Conflictology. - Minsk, 2000.
§, Zimina: the science of harmony. - Yekaterinburg, 1995.
§ Bern Eric. Games People Play. People who play games. - St. Petersburg, 1992.
§, Koryak, conflict! - Novosibirsk, 1989.
§ Braim business communication. - Minsk, 1996.
§ , Zakharov DK. Conflictology - M., 2000.
§ Grishina conflict. - SPb., 2000.
Tasks for self-test:
1. Stages of conflict development do not include:
a) conflict relations
b) contradictions
c) incident
2. Conflicts are:
a) international
b) interethnic
c) interpersonal
d) interintellectual
3. Strategies for behavior in conflicts are:
a) avoidance
b) cooperation
d) compromise
Topic 7. Psychological foundations of legal activity.
The main content of the topic:
The subject of legal psychology, its place in the system of psychological science. The main ways and directions of development of legal psychology.
Object, subject, tasks and methods of criminal psychology. The psychological meaning of the terms "crime" and "crime".
Psychology of operational-search activity. Tactics and methods of establishing and developing psychological contacts in the ORD. Psychological bases for assessing the personality of a person of interest in the operational-search activities of law enforcement agencies.
Questions to the topic:
1. The subject of legal psychology and its significance in legal activity.
When studying this issue, to reveal the psychological features of legal activity, consider the subject of legal psychology.
2. Psychology of operational-search activity: goals and objectives.
Considering this issue, the main emphasis should be placed on the tasks of operational-search psychology.
3. Object, subject, tasks and methods of criminal psychology.
When considering this issue, it is necessary to pay attention to the specific methods used in the framework of criminal psychology.
Main literature
1. Andreev ensuring the operational activities of employees: GUK MVD, 2004
2. Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
3. Yanaev psychology. M.: Shield-M, 2003
4. Enikeev psychology. M.: Norma, 2000
5., Skrypnikov ensuring the operational activities of employees: IMC of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2001
6., Prozorov in the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies. - M., 2006.
7., Fundamentals of psychology for law enforcement officers. - M., 2005.
8. Marinovskaya and pedagogy in law enforcement. M.: Shield-M, 2003
9., Tsvetkov and pedagogy in law enforcement M .: Shield-M, 2000
11. Romanov psychology M.: Yurist, 2000
12., Romanov psychology (reader) M .: Jurist, 2000
13. Chufarovsky operational-search activity M.: Prospekt, 2003
Topic 8. Psychological characteristics of the main investigative actions.
The main content of the topic:
The concept of forensic psychology. The main tasks, goals and methods of forensic psychology. Psychological features certain types litigation and various participants in the litigation.
Psychology of inspection of the scene. Traces and results of criminal activity as semantic indicators of the criminal's behavior at the scene. Psychological tricks that increase the effectiveness and quality of the investigative examination.
Search psychology. Psychological features of the search activity of the employee during the search. Psychological techniques for enhancing the mental activity of an internal affairs officer and neutralizing the impact of negative factors on his psyche during a search.
Psychology of interrogation. The concept of psychological contact during interrogation. Psychological features of the interrogation of the victim. Techniques for neutralizing the aggressive behavior of interrogated persons. Psychology of interrogation at a confrontation.
Forensic psychological examination. Grounds, reasons for the appointment of a forensic psychological examination. Competence of the SPE. Evaluation and use of the conclusion of the PEA by the investigator, the court and the defense.
Questions to the topic:
1. Subject, tasks and goals of forensic psychology.
When studying this issue, it is advisable for students to consider in detail the tasks and goals of forensic psychology and compare them with the tasks of other areas of legal psychology.
2. Psychology of search and seizure.
When considering this issue, the trainees should especially note the psychological features of the search and seizure.
3. Psychology of inspection of the scene.
When studying this issue, the main direction should be the consideration of psychological patterns that must be taken into account when conducting an investigative examination.
4. Psychology of interrogation.
An important circumstance in considering this issue is the psychological content of the activities of the investigator during the interrogation.
5. Subject, grounds and reasons for the appointment of a forensic psychological examination.
Studying this issue, students should learn the basic requirements for the grounds for the appointment of a forensic psychological examination.
Main literature
§ Andreev ensuring the operational activities of employees: GUK MVD, 2004
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§, Yanaev psychology. M.: Shield-M, 2003
§ Enikeev psychology. M.: Norma, 2000
§ , Skrypnikov ensuring the operational activities of employees: IMC of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2001
additional literature
§ , Kitaeva psychological research in the criminal process. Irkutsk, 2002
§ , Prozorov in the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies. - M., 2006.
§, Fundamentals of psychology for law enforcement officers. - M., 2005.
§ Marinovskaya and pedagogy in law enforcement. M.: Shield-M, 2003
§, Tsvetkov and pedagogy in law enforcement M .: Shield-M, 2000
§ Romanov psychology M.: Yurist, 2000
§, Romanov psychology (reader) M .: Jurist, 2000
§ Samoukina psychology M.: Tandem, 2000
§ Chufarovsky operational-search activity M .: Prospekt, 2003
Topic 9. Psychological characteristics of the personality of the offender and criminal behavior.
The main content of the topic:
The concept of a criminal environment. Qualifications of criminals from the point of view of psychology. Socio-psychological mechanisms of criminal society. Criminal subculture (psychological analysis of current trends).
Structural-psychological analysis of criminal action. Interaction of objective and subjective factors. The concept of the motivational sphere of crime. The ratio of motive, purpose and result in intentional and reckless crimes.
The study of the personality of a criminal in criminal psychology (, etc.) The ratio of biological and social in a criminal personality. Psychological and criminological typologies of the personality of the offender and certain categories criminals.
Questions to the topic:
1. Psychology of the offender's personality.
2. Factors in the formation of the offender's personality.
3. Motivation of criminal behavior
Main literature
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.
§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001
§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko of general psychology. M., 1999.
§ Chufarovskiy psychology. - M., 1995.
§ , Eminov criminal and investigation of crimes. - M.: Jurist, 1996.
§ Aggression. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997.
§, Strizhov and pedagogy in the law enforcement activities of police officers. - M., 1997.
§ Psychology. Pedagogy. Ethics: Textbook for universities // Pod. ed. . – M.: Law and law. Unity, 1999.
§ Psychology of influence. - St. Petersburg: Peter Kom, 1999.
Topic 10. Psychology of the criminal environment and criminal communities.
The main content of the topic:
Criminal group from the point of view of modern psychology. Psychological features of the formation and functioning of criminal groups. Psychological and forensic types of criminal groups and their structure (according to). Random criminal groups. Company type groups. Organized crime groups. Close-knit organized groups. Criminal communities, as well as various kinds of associations of organized criminal groups. Structural (complex) organized group. Organized crime group. Bandit formation. Criminal organization (community). Mafia. Cooperation of professional criminal leaders ("thieves in law"). Three categories of gangs: "classic gang", "specialized gang" and "reserves".
Psychological and forensic types of hooligan groups and their structure. Psychological analysis of the motives of hooligan actions. Psychology of disclosure and investigation of crimes committed by hooligan groups.
Leadership in criminal groups and organizations. Typology of leaders. Conflicts in criminal groups. Psychological features of the disclosure and investigation of crimes committed by a criminal group. Tactical and psychological methods of aggravating or creating a conflict between accomplices in the process of investigating a group crime.
Questions to the topic:
1. General characteristics and types of criminal groups.
Studying this issue, students should form an idea about the features of the characteristics of criminal groups.
2. Criminal groups of minors.
When considering this issue, the main emphasis should be directed to the psychological features of the creation and functioning of criminal groups of minors.
3. Criminal subculture.
In studying this issue, students should comparative analysis concepts of "criminal environment" and "criminal subculture".
4. Psychology of criminal groups and organizations.
When mastering the material of this issue, it is necessary to consider in detail the psychological characteristics of criminal groups of different directions, age and gender characteristics.
Main literature
§ Gurov crime: past and present. - M.: Legal literature, 1990.
§ Industrial and organizational psychology: Textbook for universities. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2001.
§ Zhilin of the organization and tactics of combating the operational apparatus of the police with criminal groups: a study guide. - YuI Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 1995.
§ Applied Legal Psychology: Textbook for High Schools / Ed. . - M .: Unity - Dana, 2001.
Reader in legal psychology. Special part.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
Encyclopedia of legal psychology.
Ed. A.M. Stolyarenko.
The program of psychological assistance to police officers. Departmental legal act regulating the volume and procedure for the implementation of organizational, socio-psychological and medical-psychological measures with personnel, determining the sources of funding, responsible officials, the content of rehabilitation work with employees and its stages, the forms and methods of psychological work used with employees in full-time and extreme conditions, with service teams, members of the families of the victims, etc. It is built on the principles of mandatory conduct, complexity and consistency.
The work program of the cabinet of psychological regulation. A set of activities carried out with POO employees in order to organize prenosological prevention of deviations in health status, mental maladjustment or initial manifestations of neuropsychic instability, including acute stress and post-traumatic stress disorders. The program is implemented in several stages:
The first stage consists in examining employees in the form of an individual or group psychodiagnostic examination, an individual interview in order to determine individual psychological characteristics, indications for psychological rehabilitation and the formation of groups for psychological correction. According to the results of the survey, employees are divided into 3 groups. Group 1 - practically healthy. Employees are provided with vacations and other benefits provided for by applicable law. If possible, a repeated psychodiagnostic examination is carried out after 6 months - 1 year. Group 2 - those with functional, prenosological deviations in the state of health. With them, rehabilitation and recovery measures are carried out and a repeated control psychodiagnostic examination is carried out 6 months after the completion of the course. 3rd group - patients. After an in-depth examination in psychological diagnostic centers, these employees are sent for outpatient or inpatient treatment. A repeated psychodiagnostic examination is carried out by a psychologist 1 month after the end of treatment.
At the second stage rehabilitation measures are carried out for employees assigned to the second group of those surveyed, in several sessions in accordance with the need, determined by the psychologist of the office, according to the following sample program. Session 1 - group (individual) interview; relaxation video therapy; conducting a debriefing on the events experienced; conducting sessions of neuromuscular relaxation and autogenic training; conducting a session of "Art Therapy"; individual psychological counseling and correction of psychological conditions, the use of physio- and phytotherapeutic methods and means. Session 2 - learning methods of self-regulation with the help of breathing exercises and their implementation; musical relaxation therapy; training in the methodology of self-regulation "Key"; a session of mobilizing autogenic training; mobilizing video therapy; psychoconsulting, psychocorrectional, physio- and phytotherapeutic methods and means. Session 3 - video training of business and everyday communication; group discussion of unresolved problems and the general state; individual psychological counseling and correction of post-stress conditions, the use of physio- and phytotherapeutic methods and means; gym, sauna. If necessary, individual employees may be offered additional individual and group psycho-rehabilitation measures.
For each employee sent to the office, the psychologist draws up an observational file. It is conducted in strict accordance with the normative legal acts on human rights and taking into account the Code professional ethics psychologist. The document is stored until the employee leaves the service and is destroyed in the prescribed manner. In case of transfer of an employee to another unit for further service, the Supervisory file is sent to the psychologist (in the personnel apparatus) of this unit.
(Maryin M.I., Brodchenko O.I., Petrov V.E.)
Psychological correction in VET. PC is a directed psychological impact on a person in order to ensure its full development and functioning. Psychocorrectional work is largely related to the development of personality. There are individual and group forms of psycho-correctional work. PC, can be carried out on the initiative of not only the employee himself, but also a full-time psychologist. Individual forms of PC in many respects intersect with the procedure of psychological counseling. Group psycho-correctional work often gives a much greater psychological effect than communication between an employee and a psychologist. According to K. Levin, it is easier to change individuals gathered in a group than to change each of them individually. Psychocorrective groups differ in their target orientation (changes in states, development of socially important qualities, self-actualization); by the nature of the tasks to be solved (development of sensitivity, self-confidence, organizational skills, etc.); according to the theoretical concept (groups of transactional analysis, auto-training, skills training, gestalt groups, NLP, etc.). The methodology for conducting psycho-correctional work in groups is based on the belief that a person himself is able to realize his problems and discuss them together with the group. There are the following principles for organizing group psycho-correctional work: 1) personal responsibility (the results of training and personal growth depend, first of all, on oneself); 2) self-disclosure (disclosure of one's "I" to other people is a sign of a healthy personality, protects against the construction of a false external "I"); 3) the principle of "here and now" (it analyzes not the past, but the present, personally significant problems); 4) the principle " feedback» (group members express their attitude to the inappropriate behavior of others); 5) the principle of humanity (respect for each other, acceptance of people as they are, everyone makes their own decision on the need for correction).
(L.N. Volina)
Psychological assistance to employees. PP (along with legal, medical, etc.) is a type of practical assistance, expressed in helping employees independently overcome the psychological difficulties of mastering official duties, performing them at the proper level, getting used to the conditions of service, and successfully completing the service. Help is provided when employees do not cope well with difficulties themselves.
Relatively simple forms of PP have always been used by colleagues, managers and mentors: psychological support (by promoting internal mobilization); psychological orientation (improvement of psychological awareness); psychological assistance (by connecting to the direct overcoming of difficulties). With the creation of psychological services in VET, their employees not only participate in these forms of assistance, but also use others that require special qualifications: psychological counseling (facilitating decision-making to overcome difficulties); psychological rehabilitation (assistance in the restoration of emotional and volitional states and psychological capacity).
PP is not identical to all psychological support for the activities of employees, but is its integral part. In addition to the main purpose, it performs a special role - "weaving" directly into the professional life of the personnel, it serves to develop and strengthen moral relations among them.
PP methods are varied. These include: showing empathy; approval of views, attitudes, intentions and actions; revealing the limitations of erroneous judgments and actions; shifting emphasis from experiencing failures to prospects and successes; inspiration from positive examples of overcoming adversity; drawing attention to the implicit causes of specific psychological difficulties; systematics of factors causing these difficulties; assessment of individual opportunities to overcome them; joint search for psychological dependencies of problem situations; analytical transformation of problems to a more solvable form; identification of hidden and combined options for their resolution; psychological "safety net", "substitution", "playing along" in relation to persons overcoming difficulties; psychophysical relaxation; debriefing; clarification of meaningful professional and life motives; revealing the importance of spiritual self-determination and development; and etc.
(E.V. Petukhov)
Psychological assistance to police officers in the combat zone. It is a system of measures carried out by employees of psychological support units in order to maintain an optimal level professional adaptation and socio-psychological status of employees of internal affairs bodies performing combat missions, restoration and improvement of their performance. The main areas of work are: the implementation of a set of works aimed at reducing deaths, injuries, violations of official discipline and legality, crimes and emergencies among personnel; implementation of a set of measures for psychological support of counter-terrorist operations; application of psychological knowledge in solving problems to ensure the personal safety of employees; diagnostics of the moral-psychological and psycho-physiological state of employees; implementation of a set of recovery measures (for example, relieving excessive stress through the use of a set of methods and techniques); conducting individual psychological counseling with managers of all levels on the organization of work with personnel, as well as with employees on topical personal and family problems.
(Maryin M.I., Petrov V.E.)
Psychological work with wounded police officers. Measures aimed at processing traumatic experiences by a wounded employee of the internal affairs bodies and integrating it into a positive life experience. The need for psychological work is due to the fact that a favorable mental state is necessary for the success of treatment. The wounded often have symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder: intrusive memories, low mood, insomnia, unexplained anxiety, increased irritability, nervousness, depression, hypervigilance, memory disorder, etc.
Methods of psychological work can be the following: observation, empathic listening, clinical conversation (for diagnosing a psychological state, collecting a psychological history), debriefing (to minimize psychological consequences, prevent the development of post-traumatic stress disorder syndrome), resocialization (work with close relatives), short-term psychocorrectional methods (psychological resuscitation of pain, the logic of events; relieving stress on past events, erasing experiences, working with aggression, loss, the dynamics of grief, searching for resources and projections for the future), special psychotherapeutic techniques (psychotherapeutic metaphors, trance techniques, self-regulation techniques, techniques " Life path "and" Key ", rational and respiratory therapy, etc.).
In the work of a psychologist with the wounded, the following stages can be distinguished: a) adaptation to the conditions of the hospital, vivid emotional experiences (this period can be short if the psychologist is prepared to work with the wounded); b) constructive stage - active work with the wounded; c) the stage of denial, at which the psychologist is so identified with the wounded that he may experience symptoms of a psychological stress disorder, namely: somatic manifestations, increased anxiety, inability to relax, denial of one's own experiences, obsessive dreams; d) the stage of analysis - the transfer of negative reactions to the conscious level; e) readaptation to normal service conditions. For psychologically prepared employees, the rehabilitation period is easier. They are aimed at cooperating with a psychologist, and are also more contact and sociable with other wounded. When working with employees who have not undergone professional psychological training, psychologists have to expend additional efforts to overcome negative reactions and resistance, refusal to help, distrust of psychologists, and denial of the rehabilitation problem, which significantly lengthens the rehabilitation period.
(Maryin M.I., Petrov V.E.)
The use of psychological study methods when accompanying the activities of employees who need increased psychological attention is used to:
- determining the individual psychological characteristics and states of employees when forming a conclusion on the need to provide them with additional psychological assistance;
- predicting the professional and social behavior of employees;
- carrying out psycho-consulting and psycho-correctional work;
- assessing the degree of social and psychological adaptation of employees, taking measures to improve it;
- development of optimal measures of psychological impact on the personnel of the Department of Internal Affairs.
To the most accessible and widely used out-of-test methods studying the personality of an internal affairs officer include: analysis of documents, the method of expert assessments, conversation, questioning, observation and the biographical method.
Document analysis. The results of a psychological examination of an employee carried out at various stages of professional selection and for other reasons (for example, during a psychological examination as part of certification or when assigning a firearm to an employee), as well as an autobiography, questionnaires, job descriptions, recommendations and other materials for obtaining information are studied. about professionally significant biographical data, moral and individual psychological qualities, professional orientation, general educational readiness, character traits, inclinations, interests, etc.
Two types of documents in the personal file of an intern or employee should be distinguished: official(conclusions of the CPD, VVK, officials, materials of internal audits, conclusions of attestations, documents on education, etc.) and personal(statement, autobiography, explanatory notes, reports). The first group of documents allows you to get information about a person, events in her life from "external" sources; the second is to better understand the author of the documents (his value orientations, ideas about specific phenomena, people and events).
Method of expert assessments- obtaining psychologically significant information about the employee from the most experienced and competent employees (colleagues). Expert review in the variant of generalizing independent characteristics, it provides mainly factual data regarding all the main indicators of the employee's social and professional success and is most effective in combination with observation and conversation.
conversation method. A conversation is an active method of obtaining information based on verbal communication from answers to questions posed by a psychologist in direct communication. It consists in an oral survey and is one of the most productive methods for studying the personal characteristics of an employee.
observation method. Observation is a purposeful study of actions, deeds, behavior in general, as well as manifestations of facial expressions, pantomime, speech and motor activity of the object of observation. The purpose of the method is to identify the features of communication, oral speech, vocabulary, degree of frankness, sincerity, quick wits, stiffness, tension, anxiety, calmness, etc., as well as the style of performance of official activities.
Psychodiagnostic methods for studying the personality of an employee. When working with a group of increased psychological attention, various psychodiagnostic methods can be used (tests; questionnaires - questionnaires; projective methods; methods for diagnosing individual personal qualities and manifestations of the properties of the nervous system).
In the psychological practice of studying the personal characteristics of ATS employees who are members of the GPV, an important place is occupied by the problem of providing a holistic approach to the study of personality, which involves the “dissection” and analysis of the components of the object of study, followed by an integral interpretation of all particular results. A holistic approach involves studying the personality of an employee in the following areas:
1) L- data(life record data). Personal information can be obtained by recording a person's real behavior in daily life.
2) Q - data(questionnaire data). Personality information can be obtained through questionnaires and other self-assessment methods.
3) G - data(test data). Personality information can be obtained through objective tests.
In the process of a comprehensive analysis, various methods of psychological assessment and the study of personality characteristics can be used. Studying the experience of the activities of psychologists of the internal affairs department when accompanying employees who need increased psychological attention, allows us to divide all methods of psychological support into immediate and mediated.
Direct Methods
- individual psycho-corrective work with an employee (for example, psychological counseling of an employee; correction of the mental state of an individual, etc.);
- psychological preparation and training (individual or group).
Indirect Methods psychological support:
- psychological counseling of the head of the employee, his colleagues, family members;
- study of the socio-psychological climate in the unit where the employee serves;
- development of recommendations to ensure the organization of activities necessary to improve the social and psychological adaptation of employees in need of increased psychological attention.
These support methods refer to the tools of general psychological correction and differ only in the “application point”. In general, an analysis of the psychological difficulties of employees who need the help of a psychologist allows us to identify the most common problems in practice:
- lack of people skills;
- misconceptions about practical activities internal affairs bodies;
- the employee's lack of professionally important personal qualities;
- conflict relationships with colleagues in the service;
- inadequate attitude towards personnel on the part of the heads of the police department
- inability of the employee to organize their activities;
- negative attitude of family members, the closest environment to work in the internal affairs bodies;
Activities of psychological support for employees at risk, in addition to activities carried out by a psychologist with the entire team, must include:
- dynamic psychological monitoring of an employee with periodic face-to-face interviews (frequency is assigned individually);
- individual training aimed at improving the psychological competence of an employee or manager (familiarization with the necessary information on the structure of personality, teaching the basics of the psychology of communication and management, effective conflict resolution);
- active forms of social learning (communication training, business games, etc.);
- classes on mastering the methods of self-control, self-education and self-regulation, increasing stress resistance;
- psychological correction of accentuated character traits;
- timely referral of an employee to medical institutions in order to receive specialized rehabilitation treatment with neuropsychiatric breakdowns.
For the practical solution of the identified psychological difficulties of the employees of the group of in-depth psychological and pedagogical attention, it is advisable for the psychologist to use not only individual, but also group forms of work, as well as to apply various methods of active socio-psychological training, including role-playing, communicative, psychoregulatory trainings.
Thus, a concept has been developed that includes purposeful, complex application of various interrelated forms and methods of collecting information about activities, interpersonal relationships in the team and in the family, individual psychological characteristics of employees that require in-depth psychological and pedagogical attention.