Crossword in physics on the topic of breathing. Ready crossword in medicine - on the topic "respiratory system"

Tests on the topic: “Respiratory organs. Gas exchange»
A - midbrain
B - spinal cord
B - lungs
G - medulla oblongata?
What are the mechanisms of respiratory movements?
A - consciousness
B - due to changes in the concentration of O2 in the blood
B - due to changes in the concentration of CO2 in the blood
G - due to the activity of the autonomic nervous system?
What muscles are involved in respiratory movements:
A - dorsal
B - abdominal
B - intercostal
G - aperture?
What is the diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the capillaries?
A is the pressure difference
B - concentration difference
B - presence through holes?
How are the lungs covered on the outside?
A - fascia
B - parietal pleura
IN - muscle tissue
G - pulmonary pleura?
What is the pressure in the pleural cavity:
A is equal to atmospheric
B - below atmospheric
B - above atmospheric?
Where is oxygen taken up?
A - nasopharynx
B - lungs
B - erythrocytes
G - mitochondria of cells?
What is the meaning of breathing:
A - body cooling
B - removal of CO2
B - oxidation of nutrients
G - release of energy?
How does oxyhemoglobin move from the lungs to the cells of the body:
A - vessels of a small circle
B - vessels of a large circle
B - bypassing the heart
G - through the heart?
How many pleural cavities does a person have:
A - one common to both lungs
B - two, each lung is in its own
B - no pleural cavities?

II option:
When the vocal cords diverge most widely:
A - the person is silent
B - speaks in a whisper
B speaks loudly
G - screaming?
How is the epiglottis located during swallowing:
A - lowered, closes the entrance to the larynx
B - raised, does not close the entrance to the larynx
B - lowered, closes the entrance to the trachea?
From which organ does air enter the larynx during inhalation?
A - from the nasal cavity
B - from the nasopharynx
B - from the oral cavity?
What features of the trachea provide free passage of air into the bronchi:
A - cartilaginous semirings
B - cartilage rings
B - cartilaginous spiral of the trachea?
What are the end structures of the respiratory tract, in which gas exchange takes place, called?
A - bronchi
B - bronchioles
B - alveoli?
Does not pass food into the larynx:
A - mucous membrane
B - epiglottis
B - cartilaginous semirings?
Inside contains the vocal cords:
A - larynx
B - bronchi
B - nasal cavity
Longest part of the airway:
A - larynx
B - trachea
B - bronchi?
Location of gas exchange between lungs and blood
A - bronchi
B - lungs
B - pulmonary vesicles?
Lines the outer surface of the lungs:
A - mucous membrane
B - connective tissue
B - pleura?

III option:
How much oxygen is in the inhaled air:
A - 0.03%
B - 4%
B - 16%
D - 21%
How much oxygen is in the exhaled air:
A - 0.03%
B - 4%
B - 16%
D - 21%
How much carbon dioxide is in the air we breathe?
A - 0.03%
B - 4%
B - 16%
D - 21%
How much carbon dioxide is in exhaled air:
A - 0.03%
B - 4%
B - 16%
D - 21%
Where is the respiratory center located?
A - medulla oblongata
B - diencephalon
B - spinal cord
G - the cerebral cortex?
What are the features of the humoral regulation of the respiratory center:
A - regulated by adrenal hormones
B - regulated by thyroid hormones
B - regulated mainly by the concentration of oxygen in the blood
G - is regulated mainly by the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood?
In what form is most of the oxygen transported in the blood?
A - blood plasma, in a dissolved state
B - in the form of myoglobin
B - in the form of oxyhemoglobin
G - in the form of carbohemoglobin?
Write down the numbers of the correct judgments:
1 - during inspiration, the intercostal muscles contract
2 - during inhalation, the ribs of the chest rise
3 - during exhalation, the diaphragm takes a flat shape
4 - during exhalation, the muscles relax
5 - during inspiration, the pressure in the pulmonary vesicles is above atmospheric
6 - the diaphragm does not apply to the respiratory muscles
7 - between the pulmonary and parietal pleura there is a pleural cavity common to both lungs.

emit into the atmosphere: 1) oxygen 2) carbon dioxide 3) hydrogen 4) nitrogen3. Digestion is a process: 1) the transformation of complex organic substances into simpler ones, accessible for assimilation 2) the acquisition of food and energy 3) the formation of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide 4. The respiratory organs of a plant are: 1) lungs 2) trachea 3) stomata 5. Russian sturgeon with breathing uses: 1) internal gills 2) lungs 3) trachea 4) external gills 6. For photosynthesis, a plant needs substances: 1) carbon dioxide and water 2) oxygen and water 3) organic matter and water 7. Nutrition is a process: 1) acquisition food and energy 2) digestion of food 3) the formation of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide 8. When breathing, the lake frog uses: 1) internal gills 2) lungs 3) tracheae 4) external gills9. Which statements are true. 1. Enzymes are special chemicals that promote digestion. 2. Coelenterates do not have a digestive system. 5. Parasites are found only among animals.

Yu.A. Sheremeeva

Lesson - a journey through the respiratory system

The purpose of the lesson: get to know the anatomical structure of the respiratory system , make sure that the features of the structure are related to the functions performed.

Lesson objectives:

Educational: to establish the structural features of the respiratory organs in connection with their functions; learn the meaning of the respiratory process; find out the mechanism of voice formation; identify the role of oxygen in the body.

Developing: develop the ability to highlight the main thing in the material being studied (by compiling a table); develop skills research work analyze visual fragments of the video; be able to work with the textbook.

Educational: to form a scientific worldview; shape a culture educational work; to draw the attention of students to the issues of voice hygiene.

Equipment: visual tables on the topic "The structure of the respiratory system", video clips from the film "Human Atlas".

Basic terms and concepts:

airways

Trachea

-bronchi

Pleura

-alveoli

Thyroid cartilage

Epiglottis

Board layout: date, topic of the lesson, design of the table “Structure and functions of the respiratory system”, glossary of terms.

Activation of cognitive activity of students

I. Organizing time(2 minutes)

Introduction by the teacher.

Good afternoon guys! I am glad to see you in good health and with smiles on your face.

II. Motivation and preparation for learning new material (5 minutes).

Today we are starting to study the next section of the biology course "Breathing".

We will begin by clarifying the significance of the respiratory process and get acquainted with the structural features of the human respiratory system.

Write the topic of the lesson in your notebook (slide 1)

Theme "The structure of the respiratory system"

The goals and objectives of the lesson are spoken out (slide 2) . Pay attention to the blackboard, the main goal of our lesson is written on it.

As an epigraph to our lesson, I would like to take the words of the ancient Roman poet Ovid (slide 3) .

Joint goal setting

A person can live without food for several weeks, without water - for several days (3 days), without oxygen - no more than 3 minutes. Why? (slide 4) .

To answer this question, let us turn to the study of the structure of the respiratory organs.

You have instruction cards on the tables, look at card number 1. What kind do you know the human respiratory system? Underline those that, in your opinion, can be attributed to the respiratory system.

Card #1

nasal cavity - stomach

Nasopharynx - heart

Larynx-tongue

Trachea - brain

Bronchi - ribs

Lungs - diaphragm

III. Assimilation of new knowledge (23 minutes).
1. The concept of breathing.

So what is breathing? (slide 5). Brief definition write in a notebook.

2. The structure of the respiratory system.

A person breathes with the help of the lungs - the main organ of gas exchange in our body. But the air before them passes a certain path, which we have to study.

Let us turn to the table "The structure of the respiratory organs" and see the location of these paths. With the help of card No. 1, we will determine which of them are classified as upper and which are lower.

Complete the diagram on card #2.

Card #2

Respiratory system

Respiratory tract Lungs

Upper Lower

? ?
Let's check the execution of card number 2 (slide 6) .

In the process of studying the structure and functions of the respiratory organs, we will arrange the knowledge gained in the form of a table.

Respiratory organs and their functions

Name of bodies	Functions performed
1. Nasal cavity	1. air warming 2. air purification 3. air humidification 4. neutralization of bacteria 5. olfactory organ
2. Nasopharynx	air conduction
3. Larynx	participates in the formation of sounds
4. Trachea, 12 cm	passage of air into the bronchi and its further purification
5. Bronchi	passage and purification of air
6.Light	gas exchange

Teacher's explanation using the table.

The guide to the respiratory system will be a terminological dictionary, and the guide will be the air bubble of Novokuznetsk. What are the characteristics of the air in our city? (dustiness)

Air enters the body through the nasal passages surrounded by the nostrils. (slide 7) .

What will we see in the nasal cavity? (slide 8)

The walls of the nasal cavity form an uneven relief. Each half of it has a lower, middle and upper nasal passages. Due to this, the area of contact of air with the outer layer of mucosal cells increases.

The epithelium lining the nasal cavity is called ciliated. Why? (Its cells have cilia)
What are its functions? (Traps dust and other particles)
What is the body's reaction to dust? (sneezing and coughing)

What happens to the air in the nasal cavity?(slide 9) .

The task: suggest recording the functions of the nasal cavity in an abbreviated version and enter them in the table.

Let's listen to a message on the topic"Infectious and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract".

Let's do a little research and check the permeability of air through the nasal passages (slide 11).

From the nasal cavity, air enters the nasopharynx, then into the oral part of the pharynx and then into the larynx.

Is there further purification and humidification of the air here? (Yes)

What happens to the bubble then? It will go into the throat.

It has a complex structure and is formed by cartilage, ligaments and muscles. (slide 12).

The largest cartilage - thyroid (why is it called that?) - forms an angle - Adam's apple; below - cricoid; above the entrance to the larynx - epiglottis .

Let's try to find out the role of the epiglottis during swallowing and conduct the following experiment (slide 13).

The task. Explain the meaning of the saying "When I eat, I am deaf and dumb" (slide 14).

The epiglottis covers the entrance to the larynx and prevents food from entering the respiratory tract. This happens during swallowing. Under the action of special muscles, the epiglottis bends and closes the entrance to the larynx. Food slips into the esophagus.

And if you accidentally choked, how to help such a disaster? (slide 15).

Look carefully at the drawing on page 139. What interesting things do you see in the larynx? (vocal cords).But how is sound formed?

Let's watch a video clip about this (slide 16).

Let's do some more research (slides 17 and 18).

What other organs are involved in the formation of speech? (tongue, teeth, lips, cheeks, throat muscles)
What causes voice disorders? (colds - laryngitis, pharyngitis and others; a large load on the vocal apparatus of singers, actors, announcers, teachers - people of "talking" professions, smoking, alcohol) (slide 19).

Suggest rules for voice hygiene.

1. Do not sing for a long time and loudly.

2. Don't shout. Cultivate a culture of conversation.

3. Don't smoke.

4. Temper, beware of colds .

Suggest recording the functions of the larynx. Put them in the table.

Now let's get some rest! (slide 20).

Where do you think air enters from the larynx? into the trachea.

The trachea in an adult has the shape of a tube 10-13 cm long and serves to pass air into the lungs and back.

The task: read the text on p.139, look at the picture and answer the questions.

What is the trachea made up of? (16-20 cartilaginous half rings)

The epithelium lining the trachea is called ciliated, since its cilia make 10-15 swings per second per opposite side and move airborne dust particles along with mucus up into the throat, where they are swallowed or expelled (slide 21). Scientists have calculated that half a bucket of dust would accumulate in the lungs of a person by the end of life, if it were not for the activity of these cilia.

What is behind the trachea? (esophagus).
Why is it important to chew food thoroughly? (slide 22) . The trachea and adjacent esophagus are separated by a thin muscular wall.

A large piece of food stretches it and blocks the airways, which leads to a lack of oxygen.

Offer a record of the functions of the trachea and write in the table.

What happens to the trachea next?

The lower end of the trachea is divided into two thinner tubes - the bronchi (right and left). The bronchi gradually branch into smaller and smaller ones, reaching the thinnest branches - bronchioles, forming a bronchial tree - a dense network of branched bronchi (slide 21) .

Suggest an entry in the table about the functions of the bronchi.

And where will the bubble end its journey? In the lungs.

They are located in the chest. The surface of the lungs is covered with a special membrane - the pulmonary pleura, the chest is lined with parietal pleura, between them there is a pleural cavity (tight), filled with pleural fluid.

Bronchioles end in sacs, the walls of which are formed by pulmonary vesicles - alveoli. From the inside, the alveoli are covered with a special substance (surfactant), which prevents the alveoli from collapsing during exhalation.

What effect does smoking have on the lungs?(slide 23)

Record basic lung function in a table.

Find card number 3 in the instructive card and let's repeat the respiratory organs, indicated by numbers.

And now back to the problem of our lesson (slide 24). Why can't humans live without oxygen? Is knowledge only about the structure and functions of the respiratory organs enough to solve this problem? No. It is also necessary to find out the role of oxygen in our body. To do this, we turn to chemical properties (slide 25).

Oxygen is a good oxidizing agent. Oxidizes simple and complex inorganic substances, for example:
2CO + O 2 \u003d 2CO 2
But not only inorganic, but also organic (BJU), for example:
C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 \u003d 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Q (where Q is energy)

Energy is generated.

In cells, this energy is used for the life of cells. If the supply of oxygen stops, what will happen to the cell?

Cells will die, which will lead to the death of tissues, and, consequently, organs. That is why oxygen must be supplied continuously.

So what is the biological significance of respiration? (slide 26).

Let's repeat the structure of the respiratory organs again and watch a video clip about our journey (slide 27)

We have completed the study of the anatomical structure of the human respiratory organs. Look again at the purpose of the lesson written on the board. What new did you learn today? (the structure of the respiratory organs, their names, classification, functions performed, respiratory hygiene and voice formation, the importance of breathing, and also revealed the dependence of the structure on functions).

Why do you think you need this knowledge? Where can you apply them? (when providing primary care, compliance with the rules of personal hygiene).

Now I propose to check the assimilation of the acquired knowledge. Answer the questions on the eligibility test in the instruction card. Let's check the correctness of the answers together (mutual control).

IV. Initial check of understanding (8 minutes).
Cards

Name the organs marked with numbers.

PRIMARY CONTROL OF KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT on the topic "Structure of the respiratory organs" (mutual control)

Does not pass food into the larynx.
Do not allow the trachea to narrow.
Purifies the inhaled air from dust and microbes, warms it.
Superficial layer of the airways.
Lines the outer surface of the lungs.
The main organ of the human respiratory system.
Inside contains the vocal cords.
The longest part of the airway.
The path of inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi.

Code for answers.

A) mucous membrane E) epiglottis

B) lungs G) larynx

C) bronchi C) cartilaginous semirings

D) trachea I) pleura

D) nasal cavity

Check your answers.

1 - E 5 - I 9 - G

2 - Z 6 - B

3 - D 7 - F

4 - A 8 - B

v. Summing up the lesson (2 minutes).

VI. Homework(slide 28), (3 minutes).

VII . Reflection (2 minutes).
Crossword on the topic "Respiratory system"

Horizontally:

1. Children's infectious disease;

4. Lymphatic formations of the pharynx;

8. Infectious disease of the lungs;

9. Airways leading to the lungs;

11. X-ray examination of the lungs;

12. Part of the upper respiratory tract connecting the nasal cavity with the pharynx;

13. Lung disease, more common in smokers.

Vertically:

2. Disease of the pharyngeal tonsils;

3. Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses;

5. An organ connecting the larynx with the main bronchi;

6. Pulmonary vesicle;

7. Pulmonary or parietal membrane;

10. Upper respiratory tract intersecting with the digestive organs

Answers

Horizontally

1 - diphtheria; 3 - larynx; 4 - tonsils; 8 - tuberculosis; 9 - bronchi; 11 - fluorography

12 - nasopharynx; 13 - cancer Vertically: 2 - tonsillitis; 3 - sinusitis; 5 - trachea; 6 - alveolus; 7 - pleura; 10 - pharynx

Horizontally
2. The organ in which the vocal cords are located
5. One of the main methods of clinical examination, based on the researcher's sense of touch of various conditions of tissues and organs of the patient when they are probed
6. Colorless gas, odorless and tasteless. Slightly soluble in water
9. Excessive in relation to the level of exchange of pulmonary ventilation, due to deep and (or) frequent breathing and leading to a reduced tension of carbon dioxide and an increased tension of oxygen in the blood
17. In vertebrates, it is found in erythrocytes; in most invertebrates, it is dissolved in blood plasma and may be present in other tissues.
20. what is the name of the blood that is saturated with oxygen
22. Necrosis of the lung, lung tissue and the formation of cavities containing necrotic masses or fluid caused by microbial infection
24. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus
Vertically
1. A set of processes carried out due to the function of various organs and systems that ensure the entry of oxygen into the body from the environment, its use in biological oxidation and the removal of the oxidation product - carbon dioxide from the body
3. A complex formation consisting of terminals (nerve endings) of dendrites of sensitive neurons, specialized formations of the intercellular substance and specialized cells of other tissues, which in combination ensure the transformation of the influence of external or internal environment(stimulus) into a nerve impulse
4. Decreased breathing
7. Blood circulation throughout the body
8. The class of vertebrates, the main distinctive features which are live birth and breastfeeding
9. A physiological act, which consists in tension of the vocal folds and bringing them to each other, in an increase under the action of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm of air pressure in the trachea and bronchi and its periodic breakthrough through the glottis with the occurrence of vibrations of the vocal folds, causing fluctuations in the air, perceived like the sound of a voice
10. Section of internal diseases, studying the pathology of the lungs and respiratory tract, developing methods for its diagnosis, treatment and prevention
11. a vesicle-shaped structure that opens into the lumen of the respiratory bronchioles that make up the respiratory sections in the lung.
12. Accumulation of lymphoid tissue in the thickness of the mucous membrane at the border of the nasal, oral cavities and pharynx. Depending on the location, paired palatine and tubal, as well as pharyngeal and lingual
13. Type of breathing, more often observed in women
14. Percussion, a method of medical research internal organs
15. The organelle, which is present in varying amounts in the cell cytoplasm, is involved in the processes of cellular respiration and energy conversion in cells
16. Self-regulation, ability open system maintain the constancy of its internal state through coordinated reactions aimed at maintaining dynamic balance
18. Contraction of the muscles of the bronchi and bronchioles, resulting in a narrowing of the lumen and an increase in the resistance of the airways to the eye of air
19. A cavity consisting of several winding passages, divided by a solid partition into the left and right parts.
21. Cartilage closing the entrance to the larynx
23. An inflammatory process that occurs in the area of the bronchial mucosa often affects the mucous membranes of the nose and throat, trachea and larynx. Initially, inflammation appears in the nasopharynx, then it passes into the respiratory tract

Crossword "Organs of the respiratory system"

1. Infection spread by airborne droplets.

2. Respiration, carrying out gas exchange between blood and tissue cells.

3. The membrane covering the lung.

4. Inflammation of the frontal sinus.

5. Exchange of gases between cells and environment.

6. Gas exchange takes place in them.

7. A wide tube consisting of cartilaginous half rings with a soft side.

8. The process by which the lungs create air currents that vibrate the vocal cords of the larynx.

9. A cavity consisting of several winding passages, divided by a solid partition into the left and right parts.

10. Tumor-like growth of lymphoid tissue at the exit from the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx.

11. Inflammation of the tonsils.

12. Thyroid cartilage of men.

13. Cavity related to the upper respiratory tract.

14. Respiration, providing gas exchange between air and blood.

15. The process when, during breathing, water evaporates from the surface of the lungs, which leads to cooling of the blood and the whole organism.

16. Cavity related to the lower respiratory tract.

17. A specialist in the treatment of people with diseases of the ear, throat and nose.

18. Cells of the nasal cavity that perceive odors.

19. Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses.

Crossword with answers

Purpose: to get acquainted with the anatomical structure of the respiratory system , make sure that the features of the structure are related to the functions performed.

Tasks: Educational: to establish the structural features of the respiratory organs in connection with their functions; learn the meaning of the respiratory process; find out the mechanism of voice formation; identify the role of oxygen in the body.

Educational: develop the ability to highlight the main thing in the material being studied (by compiling a table); develop research skills to analyze visual fragments of a video film; be able to work with the textbook.

Educational: to form a scientific worldview; to form a culture of educational work; to draw the attention of students to the issues of voice hygiene.

Equipment: visual tables on the topic “Structure of the respiratory system”, video clips from the film “Human Atlas”, presentation ( Attachment 1), instructional map ( Appendix 2), memo ( Annex 3), glossary of terms ( Appendix 4).

Basic terms and concepts:

airways
larynx
trachea
bronchi
pleura
alveoli
thyroid cartilage
vocal cords
epiglottis

Board design: date, topic of the lesson, design of the table “Structure and functions of the respiratory system”, glossary of terms.

Activation of cognitive activity of students

I. Organizational moment (2 min.)

Introduction by the teacher. Good afternoon guys! I am glad to see you in good health and with smiles on your face.

II. Motivation and preparation for learning new material (5 min.)

Today we are starting to study the next section of the biology course “Breathing”.
We will begin by clarifying the significance of the respiratory process and get acquainted with the structural features of the human respiratory system.
Write the topic of the lesson in your notebook (slide 1)

Topic “The structure of the respiratory system”

The goals and objectives of the lesson are spoken out (slide 2) . Pay attention to the blackboard, the main goal of our lesson is written on it.

As an epigraph to our lesson, I would like to take the words of the ancient Roman poet Ovid (slide 3) .

Joint goal setting

A person can live without food for several weeks, without water - for several days (3 days), without oxygen - no more than 3 minutes. Why? (slide 4) .
To answer this question, let us turn to the study of the structure of the respiratory organs.
You have instruction cards on the tables, look at card number 1. What kind do you know the human respiratory system? Underline those that, in your opinion, can be attributed to the respiratory system.

Card 1

III. Assimilation of new knowledge (23 min.)

1. The concept of breathing.

So what is breathing? (slide 5). We write a short definition in a notebook.

2. The structure of the respiratory system.

A person breathes with the help of the lungs - the main organ of gas exchange in our body. But the air before them passes a certain path, which we have to study.

Let us turn to the table “The structure of the respiratory organs” and see the location of these paths. With the help of card No. 1, we will determine which of them are classified as upper and which are lower.

Complete the diagram on card 2.

Card 2

Let's check the execution of card 2 (slide 6) .

In the process of studying the structure and functions of the respiratory organs, we will arrange the knowledge gained in the form of a table.

Respiratory organs and their functions

Name of bodies	Functions performed
1. Nasal cavity	1. air warming 2. air purification 3. air humidification 4. neutralization of bacteria 5. olfactory organ
2. Nasopharynx	air conduction
3. Larynx	participates in the formation of sounds
4. Trachea, 12 cm	passage of air into the bronchi and its further purification
5. Bronchi	passage and purification of air
6. Light	gas exchange

Teacher's explanation using the table.

The guide to the respiratory system will be a terminological dictionary, and the guide will be the air bubble of Novokuznetsk. What are the characteristics of the air in our city? (dustiness)

Air enters the body through the nasal passages surrounded by the nostrils. (slide 7) .

What will we see in the nasal cavity? (slide 8)

The epithelium lining the nasal cavity is called ciliated. Why? (Its cells have cilia)
What are its functions? (Traps dust and other particles)
What is the body's reaction to dust? (sneezing and coughing)

What happens to the air in the nasal cavity? (slide 9).

Task: offer an abbreviated record of the functions of the nasal cavity and enter them in the table.

Let's listen to a message on the topic "Infectious and Chronic Diseases of the Upper Respiratory Tract".

Let's do a little research and check the permeability of air through the nasal passages (slide 11).

From the nasal cavity, air enters the nasopharynx, then into the oral part of the pharynx and then into the larynx.

Is there further purification and humidification of the air here? (Yes)

What happens to the bubble then? It will go into the throat.

It has a complex structure and is formed by cartilage, ligaments and muscles. (slide 12).

The largest cartilage - thyroid (why is it called that?) - forms an angle - Adam's apple; below - cricoid; above the entrance to the larynx - epiglottis .

Let's try to find out the role of the epiglottis during swallowing and conduct the following experiment (slide 13).

The task. Explain the meaning of the saying “When I eat, I am deaf and dumb” (slide 14).

And if you accidentally choked, how to help such a disaster? (slide 15).

Look carefully at the drawing on page 139. What interesting things do you see in the larynx? (vocal cords). But how is sound formed?

Let's watch a video clip about this (slide 16).

Let's do some more research (slides 17 and 18).

What other organs are involved in the formation of speech? (tongue, teeth, lips, cheeks, throat muscles)
What causes voice disorders? (colds - laryngitis, pharyngitis and others; a large load on the vocal apparatus of singers, actors, announcers, teachers - people of "speaking" professions, smoking, alcohol) (slide 19).

Do not sing long and loud.
Do not shout. Cultivate a culture of conversation.
Do not smoke.
Temper, beware of colds .

Suggest recording the functions of the larynx. Put them in the table.

Now let's get some rest! (slide 20).

Where do you think air enters from the larynx? into the trachea.

The trachea in an adult has the shape of a tube 10-13 cm long and serves to pass air into the lungs and back.

Task: read the text on p.139, look at the picture and answer the questions.

What is the trachea made up of? (16–20 cartilaginous half rings)

The epithelium lining the trachea is called ciliated, since its cilia make 10-15 swings per second in the opposite direction and move dust particles that enter with air along with mucus up into the pharynx, where they are swallowed or expelled. (slide 21). Scientists have calculated that half a bucket of dust would accumulate in the lungs of a person by the end of life, if it were not for the activity of these cilia.

What is behind the trachea? (esophagus).

Why is it important to chew food thoroughly? (slide 22) . The trachea and adjacent esophagus are separated by a thin muscular wall.

A large piece of food stretches it and blocks the airways, which leads to a lack of oxygen.

Offer a record of the functions of the trachea and write it down in the table.

Suggest an entry in the table about the functions of the bronchi.

And where will the bubble end its journey? In the lungs.

What effect does smoking have on the lungs? (slide 23)

Record the basic function of the lungs in the table.

Find card number 3 in the instructive card and let's repeat the respiratory organs, indicated by numbers.

Energy is generated.

In cells, this energy is used for the life of cells. If the supply of oxygen stops, what will happen to the cell?

Cells will die, which will lead to the death of tissues, and, consequently, organs. That is why oxygen must be supplied continuously.

So what is the biological significance of respiration? (slide 26).

Let's repeat the structure of the respiratory organs again and watch a video clip about our journey (slide 27)

Why do you think you need this knowledge? Where can you apply them? (when providing primary care, compliance with the rules of personal hygiene).

IV. Initial Comprehension Test (8 min.)

Cards

Name the organs marked with numbers.

PRIMARY CONTROL OF KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT on the topic “The structure of the respiratory organs” (mutual control)

Does not pass food into the larynx.
Do not allow the trachea to narrow.
Purifies the inhaled air from dust and microbes, warms it.
Superficial layer of the airways.
Lines the outer surface of the lungs.
The main organ of the human respiratory system.
Inside contains the vocal cords.
The longest part of the airway.
The path of inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi.

Code for answers.

A) mucous membrane
B) lungs
B) bronchi
D) trachea
D) nasal cavity
E) epiglottis
G) larynx
H) cartilaginous semirings
I) pleura

Check your answers.

1 - E
2 - Z
3 - D
4 - A
5 - And
6 - B
7 - F
8 - B
9 - G

V. Summing up the lesson (2 min.)

VI. Homework (3 min.) (slide 28)

VII. Reflection (2 min.)

Crossword on the topic “Respiratory system”

Horizontally:

1. Children's infectious disease;
3. The organ in which the vocal cords are located;
4. Lymphatic formations of the pharynx;
8. Infectious disease of the lungs;
9. Airways leading to the lungs;
11. X-ray examination of the lungs;
12. Part of the upper respiratory tract connecting the nasal cavity with the pharynx;
13. Lung disease, more common in smokers.

Vertically:

2. Disease of the pharyngeal tonsils;
3. Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses;
5. An organ connecting the larynx with the main bronchi;
6. Pulmonary vesicle;
7. Pulmonary or parietal membrane;
10. Upper respiratory tract intersecting with the digestive organs.

Horizontally: 1 - diphtheria; 3 - larynx; 4 - tonsils; 8 - tuberculosis; 9 - bronchi; 11 - fluorography; 12 - nasopharynx; 13 - cancer

Vertically: 2 - tonsillitis; 3 - sinusitis; 5 - trachea; 6 - alveolus; 7 - pleura; 10 - pharynx.