Acid precipitation presentation. Acid rain presentation
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Slides captions:
The ancient buildings of the Acropolis in Athens during the period from 1960 to 1980 suffered from more air pollution than in the previous two and a half millennia. What explains this? City of El Tajin (Mexico) 6th century BC ancient temples in greece
For the same reason, a few years ago, all original marble statues, which are works of art, were removed from the Summer Garden in St. Petersburg and replaced with copies.
acid rain
Key questions 1. What is "acid rain"? 2. How does human activity affect the formation of "acid rain"? The main sources of pollution. 3. What impact does acid rain have on the environment? four . Can humans prevent air pollution?
Scheme of the formation of "acid rain"
The main sources of air pollution are oil refining, chemical, metallurgical plants, thermal power plants, road transport, textile and food plants.
How acids are formed SO2 + H2O = H2SO3 2 SO2 + O2 = 2 SO3 SO3 + H2O = H2SO4 4NO2 + O2 + 2 H2O = 4HNO3
Test results Reagents Water Fluid from the flask Violet flowers No change Color change Chalk or marble No change Intense outgassing Magnesium Very slight outgassing Intense outgassing
How air pollution can be prevented Installing cleaning devices Changing high-sulphate fuels Controlling car emissions Using cleaner fuels
Conclusions Acid rain is the result of air pollution Acid rain destroys not only buildings and cultural monuments, but also destroys all life Prevention of acid rain is the work of man
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
lesson in the format of "French workshop" for grade 6. Theme: "acid rain"
This file is detailed description the course of the lesson and handouts that can be made by all interested teachers with the illustrations that they deem necessary ...
Open lesson in grade 9 "Acid rain"
Lesson generalization of knowledge about the compounds of sulfur, nitrogen and carbon as the main pollutants of the atmosphere and their impact on the environment and human health....
Acid rain - all types of meteorological precipitation ddrain, snow, hail, fog, ddrain with snow, in which there is a decrease in the pH of rainfall due to air pollution by acid oxides, usually sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. The presence in the air of noticeable amounts, for example, ammonia or calcium ions, leads to the precipitation of not acidic, but alkaline precipitation. However, they are also called acidic, since they change their acidity when they enter the soil or into a reservoir.
History The term "acid rain" was first introduced in 1872 by the English scientist Robert Angus Smith in his book Air and Rain: The Beginning of Chemical Climatology. His attention was drawn to the smog in Manchester, and although scientists of that time rejected the theory of the existence of acid rain, today no one doubts that acid rain is one of the causes of the death of forests, crops and vegetation.
Consequences of acid rain: Animal death and flora reservoirs as a result of ecosystem changes. For humans, reservoirs as water sources also become completely unsuitable due to the increased amount of salts of heavy metals and various toxic compounds, which are normally absorbed by the microflora of the reservoir. The death of trees (especially conifers) due to damage to foliage, roots, because of which they become defenseless against frost and various diseases.
As a result of various chemical reactions the soil partially loses trace elements and becomes less nutritious, which slows down the growth and development of vegetation (at the same time, a lot of toxic substances enter the tree through the roots). People living in areas where acid rain is common often have serious problems with their upper respiratory tract. Acid rains, eroding cement and negatively affecting facing and Construction Materials, seriously harm architectural monuments, buildings and other structures, making them less durable.
How to prevent harmful precipitation? In order to prevent the negative effects of toxic precipitation, environmentalists and scientists are studying acid rain, the causes and consequences, technologies for the production and purification of atmospheric emissions are being developed. They are working on the creation of environmentally friendly sources of energy production, environmentally friendly vehicles.
Given that acid rain, like other types of precipitation, can cover a huge area, in the near future acid rain may well become a common occurrence throughout the planet. At the same time, acidic compounds, having entered into additional chemical reactions, will not stop transforming, as a result of which sulfuric acid may soon begin to pour on the heads of careless passers-by.
literature
slide 1
acid rain
causes and consequences
slide 2
Acid precipitation is precipitation that is more acidic than normal. The measure of acidity is the pH value (hydrogen index). The pH scale goes from 0 (extremely acidic), through 7 (neutral, i.e. pure water) to 14 (alkaline). The lower the pH value, the higher the acidity. If the acidity of the water is below 5.5, then the precipitation is considered acidic. In the vast territories of the industrialized countries of the world, precipitation falls, the acidity of which exceeds the normal value from 10 to 1000 times (рН = 5-2.5). The term "acid rain" was first introduced in 1872 by the English scientist Robert Smith in his book Air and Rain: The Beginning of Chemical Climatology. The smog in Manchester caught his attention.
slide 3
Causes
Even normal rainwater is slightly acidic due to the presence of carbon dioxide in the air. And acid rain is formed by a reaction between water and pollutants such as sulfur oxide and various oxides of nitrogen. These substances are released into the atmosphere by car, as a result of the activities of metallurgical enterprises, thermal power plants. Combining with atmospheric water, they turn into solutions of acids - sulfuric, sulphurous, nitrous and nitric. Then, together with snow or rain, they fall to the ground.
slide 4
Effects
The consequences of acid rain are observed in the USA, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Australia, the republics of the former Yugoslavia and in many other countries of the globe. The death of reservoirs and aquatic inhabitants; forest degradation; soil erosion; Release from rocks and minerals Al, Hg and Cu.
slide 5
Acid Precipitation Prevention Measures
To combat acid rain, efforts must be made to reduce emissions of acidic substances from coal-fired power plants. And for this it is necessary: the use of low-sulfur coal or its purification from sulfur; installation of filters for purification of gaseous products; use of alternative energy sources.
slide 6
Thank you for your attention!
STATE BUDGET GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL №457 WITH IN-DEPTH LEARNING OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE OF THE VYBORG DISTRICT OF SAINT PETERSBURG
Acid rain and volcanic emissions. Their role in changing nature
As part of the school project “Problems of global climate change”
Chemistry teacher: Ratushnaya Olga Evgenievna
St. Petersburg
Introduction
For the first time, the problem of acid rain became the subject of serious discussion at the XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), held in Madrid in September 1975.
In 1983 the "Convention on Transboundary Air Pollution at long distance", which states that countries should strive to limit and gradually reduce air pollution, including pollution that goes beyond the borders of their state.
What is contained in a volcanic ejecta cloud?
It contains small particles of glass, silicon and crushed stone. Such a composition acts on everything that comes across it
paths like sandpaper
According to United Nations experts, volcanic gases released into the high layers of the atmosphere after a volcanic eruption and spreading across the planet with air currents can stay there for 14 months and change the intensity of solar radiation. The heaviest particles
fall to the ground and can cause problems in the respiratory tract
in humans for up to 3 months after the eruption.
Some meteorologists see these phenomena as a positive thing, considering them to be a natural mechanism for controlling the temperature of the planet, reducing its overheating.
and the risk of catastrophic consequences such as drought,
floods, heat and rising sea levels.
Sulfur
During volcanic eruptions, sulfur oxide (IV) predominates, hydrogen sulfide enters the atmosphere in a smaller amount, as well as sulfates in the form of aerosols and solid particles. Every year around the world, 4-16 million tons of sulfur compounds (in terms of SO2) are released as a result of volcanic activity.
Volcanoes affect the natural environment and humanity in several ways.
Firstly, a direct effect on environment erupting volcanic products.
Secondly, the impact of gases and fine ash on the atmosphere and thus on the climate.
Thirdly, the effect of heat from volcanic products on ice and snow.
Fourth, volcanic eruptions are usually accompanied by earthquakes, etc. But the effects of volcanic matter on the atmosphere are especially long-term and global, which is reflected in the change in the Earth's climate.
Acid rain
The term "acid rain" was first introduced in 1872 by the English explorer Angus Smith.
Acid rain is one of the causes of the death of life in water bodies, forests, crops and vegetation.
acid rain
acid rain - this is precipitation, the acidity of which is increased. The measure of acidity is the pH value.
Pure water has pH=7.
If acidity
water below 5,
then precipitation is considered
acidic.
Reasons for education
The main cause of acid rain is the presence of sulfur dioxide SO 2 and nitrogen dioxide NO 2 in the Earth's atmosphere, which, as a result of chemical reactions occurring in the atmosphere, are converted into sulfuric and nitric acids, respectively.
Sulfur
Sulfur is found in such minerals as coal, oil, iron, copper, and other ores; some of them are used as fuel, others are sent to chemical and metallurgical enterprises.
During processing, sulfur passes into chemical compounds, for example, into sulfur dioxide.
Sulfur
Most anthropogenic emissions are dominated by sulfur oxide (IV) and sulfates.
Sulphates are emitted during fuel combustion and during industrial processes such as oil refining, the production of cement and gypsum, and sulfuric acid.
Nitrogen
Natural sources of nitrogen oxides are lightning discharges and lightning, as well as biogenic substances.
Volatile organic compounds enter the atmosphere mainly from natural sources (65% of the total).
The main source of these substances is plants, as a result of which complex organic substances are formed.
The effects of acid rain in nature
As a result of acid precipitation, the balance in ecosystems is disturbed, the productivity of agricultural plants and the nutritional properties of soils are deteriorating.
The effects of acid rain in engineering
As a result of corrosion, metal structures are destroyed.
The effects of acid rain in architecture
Acid precipitation destroys structures made of marble and limestone.
Historical monuments of Greece and Rome, having stood for millennia, for last years crumbling right before your eyes.
The effects of acid rain
Every region has buildings that have been destroyed by acid rain. List the buildings and monuments of architecture in your region that, in your opinion, have been affected by acid rain.
Ways to protect nature
One of the main methods of struggle is the installation at each enterprise of expensive treatment facilities, the filters of which will prevent emissions heavy metals and hazardous oxides.
Another way to solve the problem is to reduce the number Vehicle in major cities in order to reduce exhaust emissions.
In addition, you should:
- reforestation, not deforestation
- clean up polluted waters
- recycle, not burn garbage
Conclusion
“We have learned to swim in the water like fish, to fly in the sky like birds, it remains only to learn how to live on Earth like people.”
The main cause of acid rain is the presence in the composition of the atmosphere
Earth's sulfur dioxide SO 2 and nitrogen dioxide NO 2 , which as a result
occurring in the atmosphere of chemical reactions, turn into, respectively,
sulfuric and nitric acids, the fallout of which on the surface of the earth has
impact on living organisms and the ecotype as a whole.
Acid rain corrodes metals, paints, synthetic compounds, destroys architectural monuments. Plants are the most affected by acid rain. However, the acid does not directly damage the trees. Acid precipitation causes leaf diseases, oxidizes the soil, washing out nutrients from it and saturating it with toxic compounds.
The impact of acid rain on humans is also not only direct. Of course, the microparticles of sulfates and nitrates contained in the air increase the risk of an asthma attack, bronchitis, and harm the cardiovascular system. Acid rain also kills fish.
- One of the main methods of struggle is the installation at each enterprise of expensive treatment facilities, the filters of which will prevent the emissions of heavy metals and hazardous oxides.
- Another way to solve the problem is to reduce the number of vehicles in large cities in order to reduce exhaust emissions.
- In addition, it is necessary to restore, and not cut down forests, clean polluted water bodies, recycle, and not burn garbage.