Global warming presentation on ecology. Global warming! Global warming is the process of a gradual increase in the average annual temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and the oceans.

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The subject of global warming is still the most mysterious and discussed topic. Numerous studies by scientists provide even more food for thought - what, after all, awaits humanity in the very near future?

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For the first time, global warming and the greenhouse effect were discussed in the 60s of the XX century, and at the UN level the problem of global climate change was first voiced in 1980. Since then, many scientists have puzzled over this problem, often mutually refuting each other's theories and assumptions.

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Climate is an extremely complex physical system whose behavior is determined by the interaction between the atmosphere, the surface of the oceans, sea ice, continental surfaces and glaciers, as well as the biosphere. Due to these interactions, complex natural fluctuations are excited in the climate system with time scales from several weeks to tens and hundreds of years. The system can also be exposed to external natural influences associated with changes in the solar radiation flux, emissions of gases and aerosols into the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions. Finally, human activities have a significant impact on the climate.

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The term "global warming" marks its 35th anniversary on August 8th. On this day in 1975, the journal Science published an article by the American climatologist Wallace Broker, in which he was the first to designate with this term the possible consequences of human impact on climate.

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Climate systems change as a result of natural internal processes, and in response to external influences, both anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic

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The causes of such climate change remain unknown, but the main external influences include changes in the Earth's orbit, solar activity, volcanic emissions and the greenhouse effect.

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Greenhouse gas emissions The greenhouse effect was discovered by Joseph Fourier in 1824 and was first studied quantitatively by Svante Arrhenius in 1896. This is the process by which the absorption and emission of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases causes the atmosphere and surface of the planet to heat up.

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Atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and CH4 have increased by 31% and 149%, respectively, since the start of the Industrial Revolution in the mid-18th century. According to separate studies, such concentration levels were reached for the first time in the last 650 thousand years - a period for which reliable data were obtained from samples. polar ice

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On Earth, the main greenhouse gases are: water vapor (36-70% of the greenhouse effect), carbon dioxide (CO2) (9-26%), methane (CH4) (4-9%) and ozone (3-7%).

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Recent studies support the theory that global warming is caused by human activity. A study involving scientists from Scotland, Canada and Australia showed that the probability of natural rather than anthropogenic causes of climate change on the planet is no more than 5%

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According to the same study, since 1980, the average air temperature on the planet has risen by 0.5 degrees Celsius, and the Earth continues to warm by about 0.16 degrees per decade.

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Some scientists attribute global warming to an increase in industrial emissions into the atmosphere and an increase in the proportion of carbon dioxide in the air caused by the activities of modern industry. Of course, not everyone shares this point of view, and there are certain reasons for this. For example, an increase in the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere began to be observed in the late seventies - early eighties of the 20th century, and the beginning of an increase in average temperatures and related phenomena in the middle of the 19th century

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Global warming has intensified the process of rapid melting of the Arctic ice, and over the past 100 years, the ice cover in the Arctic has decreased by almost a third. From 1970 to 2003, the Arctic ice cover has decreased by 25%.

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Every year in the summer and early autumn, ice melts in the Arctic Ocean. According to oceanologists, fortunately, while first-year ice is melting, it is formed again in winter. Since 1979 (when satellite observations began for the first time), scientists have recorded a decrease in the area of ​​ice in the Arctic basin in the summer by about 8.9% per decade. The minimum amount of ice for the entire more than thirty-year observation period was recorded by experts in August and September 2007. Then the area of ​​the Arctic Ocean, covered with ice, decreased by 40% compared to the usual values ​​for this time of year.

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2000 2010 The melting of the Arctic ice can endanger the survival of the indigenous peoples of the northern territories, as their traditional way of life is violated, as well as lead to the flooding of large areas and, moreover, to the disappearance of certain biological species, such as polar bears, ringed seals. This situation also threatens with man-made and environmental disasters, and can also lead to the destruction of infrastructure. settlements

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Once drawn by Leonardo da Vinci, the famous drawing of the Vitruvian man served as a model for the creation of an art project in defense of the environment. The project was created by artist John Quigley on a lucky arctic iceberg.

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The sculpture, inscribed in a circle with a diameter of 100 meters, is gradually melting, which is clearly visible from the missing parts of the image. Such a melting, according to the creator of the sculpture, should symbolize the fragility of the balance in which man and nature are located and the need to take care of the environment so as not to gradually disappear just as this sculpture will disappear in the future when the iceberg completely melts.

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The main problem is the rise in the level of the World Ocean. With very significant warming, the area of ​​mountain glaciation will start to decrease catastrophically (by about 3-5 times), the area and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic will decrease, and the continental glaciers of Greenland and Antarctica will begin to melt.

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A rise in the ocean level, even a slight one, can have very negative environmental and socio-economic consequences: coastal plains will be flooded, water supply to coastal areas will deteriorate. If the ocean level rises significantly, large areas of land will be flooded and the damage will be huge.

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The most likely changes in weather factors include: more intense precipitation;  higher maximum temperatures, an increase in the number of hot days and a decrease in the number of frosty days in almost all regions of the Earth; reduction in temperature spread.

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What are the consequences of global warming?

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In the past few years, quite a lot of forecasts have been published about the devastating consequences of global warming. The main conclusions are as follows: the number and duration of droughts, forest fires, powerful floods, and hurricanes will increase; epidemics, etc.

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Permafrost soils are of particular concern. As a result of warming, the rate of their melting sharply increases and their areas are reduced. But many towns and cities, as well as pipelines, highways and much more in Eastern Siberia, were built precisely with this permafrost in mind. Its thawing, together with the swamping of vast territories, will lead to the destruction of industrial and residential buildings and communications.

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Recently, the problem of the greenhouse effect has become more and more acute. The climate situation in the world requires urgent action. Some of the consequences of the greenhouse effect, which are already manifesting themselves today, can serve as proof of this. Wet areas are getting wetter. Continuous rains, which cause a sharp increase in the level of rivers and lakes, are becoming more frequent. Overflowing rivers flood coastal settlements, forcing residents to leave their homes for their lives.

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Reduce the burning of fossil fuels Increase the use of renewable energy sources. Stop destroying ecosystems! Reduce energy losses in the production and transportation of energy Use new energy efficient technologies in industry Reduce energy consumption in the construction and housing sectors. Promote and encourage energy conservation and sustainable use natural resources residents of all countries To prevent irreversible consequences, it is necessary to take measures to reduce the anthropogenic impact on climate change:

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Major catastrophes that have already ruined and continue to ruin modern world, come from the unwillingness of man to reckon with the laws of nature, from the unwillingness to understand that hunger cannot be satisfied by devastating the earth. J. Dorst

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Municipal autonomous institution Culture "Municipal information and library system" Kemerovo Library. N.V. Gogol Department of Periodical and Electronic Resources GLOBAL WARMING (series “ Contemporary Issues ecology) Author-compiler: S.A. Belyanina, head of the Kemerovo media library 2013

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Goals

1. Show the relevance of the environmental problem at the present time

2. Consider the ecological situation in the world

Work plan

1. Consequences of ecological catastrophe

2. Drifting of ice.

3. Figures, facts on Earth's climate change.

4. Impact of global warming on animals.

5. Environmentally hazardous industries.

6. Measures to improve the environmental situation.

7. Homework.

Methods

research

1. Putting forward hypotheses, assumptions

2. Awareness of this problem

3. Search for relevant sources of necessary information

4. Problem solving process.

Global problems of mankind

it is a set of socio-natural problems, on the solution of which the social progress of mankind and the preservation of civilization depend. These problems are characterized by dynamism, they arise as an objective factor in the development of society, and for their solution they require the combined efforts of all mankind. Global problems are interconnected, cover all aspects of people's lives and concern all countries of the world.

Classification of global problems

Ecological

Demographic

Preventing World Nuclear War

Use of the world's oceans

Peaceful space exploration

Overcoming the backwardness of developing countries

food

energy and raw materials

Ecological problem

Degradation environment(deforestation and soil depletion)

Pollution from solid, liquid and gaseous wastes

Poisoning the environment with chemicals created during the production process

Consequences of environmental

catastrophes

Most of the apocalypse scenarios that come out with frightening regularity from the pen of the most respected scientists involve a terrible ecological catastrophe. Ecologists trying to prevent deadly climate change constantly scare humanity with a global flood that will result in the melting of glaciers, the displacement of the poles, powerful hurricanes, terrible drought and other cataclysms that threaten enormous destruction and

casualties among the population. Someone even proved that after warming, a severe cooling will come.

The latest research, conducted under the auspices of the UN, finally deprived earthlings of the opportunity to escape from a worldwide catastrophe. The new computer model showed

that global warming in this century may exceed the critical threshold and become a rapid irreversible process.

Man is no longer able to stop global warming.

First of all, this means that we there is no way

at least somehow postpone the ecological catastrophe, which

threatens us in the coming decades.

A gigantic piece the size of 11,000 football fields has broken away from an ice shelf in the Canadian Arctic.

ice drift

The mass of ice began to drift 16 months ago off the coast of Ellesmere Island, which is located about 800 km from the North Pole, but then no one noticed it.

A drifting ice island, leaving behind a trail of ice fragments, scientists have discovered on satellite images.

Within a few days, the floating shelf was carried several miles offshore. He walked about 60 kilometers to the west until he froze into sea ​​ice due to early winter.

Experts fear that the prevailing winds will carry the uncontrollable drifting ice island south into the Botfort Sea, and it will fall into the zone of offshore oil and gas fields.

The Eilis Ice Shelf, at approximately 106 square kilometers, was one of the six largest in the Canadian Arctic. According to scientists, this is the largest case of its kind in Canada in 30 years, and clearly points to a warming climate change. .

According to scientists, the area of ​​the remaining Canadian ice shelves has decreased by 90% compared to 1906.

The Canadian ice shelves are made up of ancient ice that is over 3,000 years old. They swim in the sea, but are connected to the mainland. Scientists say that glaciers are becoming more and more fragile every year due to an increase in the average annual temperature.

There are many much larger shelves in the Arctic,

Global warming, catastrophe or myth?

Scientific adviser: Belyavtseva Elena Anatolyevna.

Completed by: 10a grade student Ivan Matyunin.


  • Goals and objectives.
  • Consider what is "global warming". To study the causes and consequences of this phenomenon. Draw conclusions about this natural phenomenon.

  • Global warming- the process of gradual increase in the average annual temperature atmosphere Earth and oceans .
  • Scientific opinion expressed Interstate Panel of Experts on Climate Change(IPCC) UN, and directly supported by the national academies of sciences of the countries "Big Eight", is that the average temperature on Earth has risen by 0.7 ° C compared to the time when industrial revolution(from the second half XVIII century), and that “a large proportion of the warming observed in the past 50 years is due to human”, primarily by ejection gases, causing the greenhouse effect, such as carbon dioxide(CO 2) and methane(CH 4).


  • Climate indicators for the last 0.5 Ma: ocean level change (blue), O 2 concentration in sea water, CO 2 concentration in Antarctic ice. The division of the time scale is 20,000 years. Sea level peaks, CO 2 concentrations and 18 O minima coincide with interglacial temperature maxima.
  • There is a scientific consensus that the current global warming is highly likely due to human activities.

  • The greenhouse effect has been discovered Joseph Fourier in 1824 and was first quantitatively studied Svante Arrhenius in 1896 . This is the process by which absorption and emission infrared radiation atmospheric gases causes heating of the atmosphere and surface planets .
  • On Earth, the main greenhouse gases are: water steam(approximately 36-70% of the greenhouse effect, excluding clouds), carbon dioxide(CO 2) (9-26%), methane(CH 4) (4-9%) and ozone(3-7%). Atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and CH 4 have increased by 31% and 149%, respectively, since the beginning of the industrial revolution in the middle XVIII century. Such concentration levels have been reached for the first time in 650,000 years, a period for which reliable data have been obtained from polar ice samples.
  • About three-quarters of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions over the past 20 years have been caused by the use of oil , natural gas and coal. Much of the rest is caused by landscape changes, primarily deforestation.

  • Change in solar activity
  • Various hypotheses, explaining changes in the temperature of the Earth by corresponding changes solar activity .
  • The third IPCC report claims that solar and volcanic activity could explain half of the temperature changes before 1950, but their overall effect after that was about zero. In particular, the impact of the greenhouse effect since 1750, according to the IPCC, is 8 times higher than the impact of changes in solar activity.

  • Global warming does not mean warming at all everywhere and Anytime. In particular, in some area the average summer temperature may increase and the average winter temperature decrease, that is, the climate will become more continental. Global warming can be detected only by averaging the temperature over all geographic locations and all seasons .
  • According to one hypothesis, global warming will lead to a halt or a serious weakening of gulf stream. This will cause a significant drop in the average temperature in Europe(at the same time, the temperature in other regions will increase, but not necessarily in all), as the Gulf Stream warms the continent due to the transfer of warm water from the tropics.

  • During the reconstruction of the warm periods of the modern interglacial - the so-called Holocene climate optimum, which took place from 6 to 5 thousand years ago, the following has been established. Average annual temperature was 2-3 degrees higher than the modern one, the level oceans was 5 meters higher than modern, and the border natural areas were also located north of modern (their overall plan geographic distribution roughly coincided with the Mikulin interglacial). From the available data on paleogeography, it is logical to assume that with a further increase in temperatures, the geographical envelope will be transformed in a similar way. This contradicts the hypotheses about the cooling of the north. Europe and North America and the displacement of natural zones in these regions to the south from their present position.

  • . The relief of the surface of the mainland without ice cover


  • To date, the main world agreement to combat global warming is Kyoto Protocol(agreed in 1997 , entered into force on 2005 ), addition to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The protocol includes more than 160 countries of the world and covers about 55% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The first phase of the protocol will end at the end 2012, international negotiations on a new agreement began in 2007 on the island Bali (Indonesia) and were continued at the UN conference in Copenhagen December 2009 .

  • There is also a conflict at the interstate level. Developing countries like India and China, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas pollution, attended the meeting in Kyoto but did not sign the agreement. Developing countries are generally wary of the environmental initiatives of industrialized states. The arguments are simple:

the main greenhouse gas pollution is carried out by developed countries

the tightening of control plays into the hands of the industrialized countries, as this will hinder the economic development of developing countries.


  • Renowned British naturalist and TV presenter David Bellamy believes that the most important environmental problem of the planet is a decrease in the area rainforest In South America. In his opinion, the danger of global warming is greatly exaggerated, while deforestation, in which two-thirds of all animal and plant species of the planet live, is indeed a real and serious threat to humanity.
  • A Russian theoretical physicist came to a similar conclusion V. G. Gorshkov .

  • Changes in the average temperature of the Earth over the past 500 million years. For almost the entire history of the Earth, the temperature was much higher than today.
  • Professor A.P. Kapitsa, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Geographical Faculty of Moscow State University considers the contribution of mankind to climate change to be insignificant against the background of cosmic and geophysical factors.

  • Hacking incident (November 2009)
  • In November 2009 was hacked as a result of the actions of a group of unknown hackers mail server The University of East Anglia and the public became aware of the scientists' correspondence. Critics have stated that it can be deduced from the correspondence that last years Earth's temperature is not rising. The leadership of the University of East Anglia issued a statement in which the selection of letters for publication is called biased and "denies the fact of the negative impact of human activity on the climate recognized by the world community."


  • Findings.
  • The information and facts presented show that the “global warming theory” is nothing more than a big conspiracy that benefits everyone.
  • Developed countries:"curb" their zealous competitors, and slow down the development of their industry.
  • Rich (and just smart people): add "on the sly" your condition

Novikov Nikita 7 A class

In this work, the student reveals the main global problems humanity, associated with the general climate change of the planet, namely its global warming! The presentation will be of interest to teachers of geography and ecology, as well as class teachers for class hours, the material may be useful to the organizers project activities students.

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Global warming

The work was prepared by Nikita Novikov, a student of grade 7 A, secondary school No. 448 in Moscow. Project leader - teacher of geography of the highest category GBOU secondary school No. 448 Orlova E.A.

Before our eyes, the calendar dates of the seasons began to shift more and more often. This trend is happening not only in Russia. In a few decades, Europe either undergoes an invasion of unprecedented snowfalls, then at the height of winter showers and prolonged rains fall on it, or due to sudden warming, rapid snowmelt begins, rivers overflow their banks, which leads to flooding of vast areas. Floods cause not only huge material damage, but also cause casualties among people. At the same time, in the Western Hemisphere, unbearable heat began to fall on the United States and Mexico in the summer, which is accompanied by severe thunderstorms and powerful tornadoes. The weather seemed to have gone crazy. In different parts of the world, it rages in its own way. Increasingly, people began to wonder - why is this happening? What is the cause of those disturbances that allowed us to unbalance the climate system of our planet? There is only one answer - all climate change is due to global warming.

In the history of the Earth's climate, such natural disasters and anomalies of nature are by no means the only ones. There have been more incredible weather events in the past. Ancient chronicles testify that during the time of Ancient Egypt, even the Nile froze, and the Black Sea was sometimes covered with ice. The Bosporus also often froze, and so much so that people could cross the ice crust. This happened during the Little Ice Age (X1Y - the end of the XIX century). During this period, Greenland (called the Greenland by the Vikings due to its warm climate) was covered with ice, which is still there today. As a result of global warming (in the process of transition from one climatic state to another), the climate system comes into an unstable state. This condition causes extreme weather(natural disasters). These include hurricanes, tornadoes, droughts, dry winds, heavy snowfalls and frosts, downpours, hail, and prolonged rains. It is impossible to get used to natural disasters. They cause enormous material damage and lead to great loss of life. As observations show, natural disasters occur more and more often. The fact that it is becoming increasingly difficult to make forecasts for natural disasters also testifies to the discord of the climate system. This once again confirms the fact that the climate is changing and this change can take an arbitrarily long time.

Effects

Destruction of ecosystems Changing climatic conditions and a sharp increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are a serious test for our ecosystems. This is a threat to fresh water supplies, clean air, fuel and energy resources, food, medicines and other important aspects that affect not only our way of life, but in general the fact that we will live. Evidence shows that the impacts of climate change are affecting physical and biological systems, suggesting that no part of the world is immune from these impacts. Scientists are already seeing bleaching and death of coral reefs due to warming ocean waters, as well as the migration of the most vulnerable plant and animal species to alternative geographical areas due to rising air and water temperatures, as well as in connection with the melting of glaciers. Models based on a variety of temperature rises predict scenarios of devastating floods, droughts, wildfires, ocean acidification, and the possible collapse of functioning ecosystems, both on land and in water. Forecasts of famine, war and death paint a very bleak picture of the future of mankind. Scientists make predictions like this not to predict the end of the world, but to help people mitigate or reduce negative impact a person who leads to such consequences. If each of us understands the seriousness of the problem and takes appropriate action, using more energy efficient and sustainable resources and generally adopting a greener lifestyle, then we are sure to have a major impact on the process of climate change.

Loss of biodiversity The threat of species loss is rising with global temperatures. By 2050, humanity risks losing as much as 30 percent of animal and plant species if the average temperature rises by 1.1 to 6.4 degrees Celsius. Such extinction will occur due to loss of habitat through desertification, deforestation and warming ocean waters, as well as due to the inability to adapt to ongoing climate change. Researchers wildlife noted that some of the more resilient species have migrated to the poles, either north or south, in order to "maintain" the habitat they need. It is worth noting that a person is not protected from this threat either. Desertification and rising sea levels threaten the human habitat. And when plants and animals are “lost” to climate change, human food, fuel and income will also be “lost”.

Conflicts and wars The decline in the quantity and quality of food, water and land can be the leading causes of the increase in global security threats, conflicts and wars. American national security experts, analyzing the current conflict in Sudan, suggest that although global warming is not the cause of the crisis, its roots are still connected with the consequences of climate change, in particular, with the reduction of available natural resources. The region's conflict erupted after two decades of near-total rainfall, along with rising temperatures in the nearby Indian Ocean. Scientists and military analysts alike say that climate change and its consequences, such as water and food shortages, pose an immediate threat to the world, as environmental crises and violence are closely linked. Countries suffering from water shortages and often losing crops become extremely vulnerable to this kind of "trouble".

Economic Impact The costs of climate change rise with temperature. Severe storms and floods, combined with agricultural losses, are causing billions of dollars in losses. Extreme weather creates extraordinary financial challenges. For example, after a record-breaking hurricane in 2005, Louisiana experienced a 15 percent drop in revenue a month after the storm, and property damage was estimated at $135 billion. Economic moments accompany almost every aspect of our lives. Consumers regularly face rising food and energy prices along with rising costs medical services and real estate. Governments in many countries are suffering from declining tourist numbers and industrial profits, from skyrocketing demand for energy, food and water, from border tensions, and more. And ignoring the problem will not let it go away. A recent study by the Global Development Institute and the Environment Institute at Tufts University suggests that inaction in the face of global crises will result in $20 trillion in damages by 2100.

Diseases Depending on where you live, you may be at risk of contracting certain diseases. However, when was the last time you thought about getting dengue fever? The increase in temperature along with the increase in floods and droughts is a threat to the whole world, since it is they who create favorable conditions for breeding mosquitoes, ticks and mice and other creatures that are carriers of various diseases. The World Health Organization reports that outbreaks of new diseases are now on the rise, and in countries where such diseases have not been heard of before. And the most interesting thing is that tropical diseases migrated to countries with a cold climate. While more than 150,000 people die every year from climate change-related diseases, many other diseases, from heart disease to malaria, are also on the rise. The cases of diagnosing allergies and asthma are also on the rise. How is hay fever related to global warming? Global warming contributes to an increase in smog, which fills the ranks of asthma sufferers, also in large quantities weeds begin to grow, which are detrimental to people suffering from allergies.

Drought While some parts of the world are suffering from increased hurricanes and rising sea levels, other regions are struggling to cope with drought. As global warming worsens, experts estimate that the number of areas affected by drought could increase by at least 66 percent. The drought leads to a rapid reduction in water supplies and to a decrease in the quality of agricultural products. This threatens global food production and puts some populations at risk of going hungry. Today, India, Pakistan, and sub-Saharan Africa already have similar experiences, and experts predict even greater reductions in rainfall in the coming decades. Thus, according to estimates, a very gloomy picture emerges. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that by 2020, 75-200 million Africans could experience water scarcity and the continent's agricultural output will fall by 50 percent

Storms and floods Experts use climate models to predict the impact of global warming on rainfall. However, even without modeling, it is clear that strong storms began to occur much more often: in just 30 years, the number of the strongest (levels 4 and 5) has almost doubled. Hurricanes are powered by warm waters, and scientists have correlated rising temperatures in the oceans and atmosphere with the number of storms. Over the past few years, many European countries and the United States have suffered billions of dollars in losses associated with the aftermath of severe storms and floods. In the period from 1905 to 2005, there has been a steady increase in the number of serious hurricanes: 1905-1930 - 3.5 hurricanes per year; 1931-1994 - 5.1 hurricanes annually; 1995-2005 - 8.4 hurricanes. In 2005 there was a record number of storms, and in 2007 the UK was hit by the worst flooding in 60 years.

Wave heat Experts believe that a lingering heat wave could mean a future increase in wildfires, the spread of disease and an overall increase in the average temperature on the planet. The deadly heat wave that swept through Europe in 2003 and killed 35,000 people may be a precursor to a trend of very high temperatures that scientists began tracking as early as the early 1900s. Such heat waves began to appear 2-4 times more often, and their number has increased significantly over the past 100 years. According to forecasts, over the next 40 years, there will be 100 times more.

You don't need special equipment to see that the number of glaciers around the world is shrinking. The tundra, which was once permafrost, is now full of plant life. The Himalayan glaciers that feed the Ganges River, which provides drinking water to about 500 million people, are shrinking by 37 meters annually

Sea level rise Increasing ground temperatures don't mean the Arctic will get as warm as Miami, but it does mean sea levels will rise significantly. How is rising temperature related to rising water levels? High temperatures suggest that glaciers, sea ice and polar ice are starting to melt, increasing the amount of water in the seas and oceans. Scientists, for example, were able to measure how meltwater from the Greenland ice cap affects the United States: the amount of water in the Colorado River has increased several times. According to scientists, with the melting of the ice shelves of Greenland and Antarctica, the sea level may rise by 2100 to 6 meters. This, in turn, means that many of Indonesia's tropical islands and most of the low-lying areas will be flooded.

Let's do everything to protect our land from catastrophe!!!

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The position of the UN Interstate Panel on Climate Change, agreed with the national academies of sciences of the G8 countries, is that the average temperature on Earth has risen by 0.7 ° C since the start of the industrial revolution (since the second half of the 18th century), and that "a large proportion of the warming observed in the last 50 years is caused by human activities", primarily the emission of greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4).

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In addition to rising sea levels, rising global temperatures will also lead to changes in the amount and distribution of precipitation. As a result, natural disasters may become more frequent: floods, droughts, hurricanes, and others, crop yields will decrease in the affected areas and increase in other areas (due to an increase in carbon dioxide concentration). Warming should, in all likelihood, increase the frequency and magnitude of such events.

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Some researchers believe that global warming is a myth, some scientists reject the possibility of human influence on this process. There are those who do not deny the fact of warming and admit its anthropogenic nature, but do not agree that the most dangerous of the impacts on the climate are industrial emissions of greenhouse gases.

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Global climate change is not limited to warming. There is also a change in the salt density of the oceans, an increase in air humidity, a change in the nature of rainfall and melting. arctic ice at a rate of approximately 600 thousand square meters. km per decade. The atmosphere becomes wetter, more rain falls in high and low latitudes, and less in tropical and subtropical regions.