Hygiene of the circulatory system presentation. Presentation on the topic "hygiene of the cardiovascular system"

Sections: Biology

Class: 8

Lesson Objectives:

  • educational: expand students' knowledge about the harmful effects of nicotine and alcohol on the cardiovascular system; about the role of training the heart and blood vessels for maintaining health and preventing cardiovascular diseases;
  • Educational: to teach students to recognize the types of bleeding and provide first aid for damage to blood vessels; think logically (abstract, analyze, compare, highlight the main thing, generalize and draw conclusions), draw up the results of mental operations in oral and written form; listen and make short notes in a notebook;
  • Educational: foster a positive attitude and desire for healthy lifestyle life; a sense of responsibility not only for their own health, but also the health of others.

Equipment: b screws, plaits, sticks for twisting. Presentation of the lesson on the topic “Blood and circulation”, PC, projector.

Lesson type: assimilation of new knowledge on the basis of fixing the studied material, repetition and systematization of knowledge, skills of students.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

Guys, good morning! I'm in a great mood today! (shows a picture of a smiley face) What mood are you in? You have cards with emoticons on your table. Show your mood. We are in a great mood, but we will have to talk about serious, significant things for our health.

2. Checking homework.

Vocabulary work:

(Students give an oral definition of biological terms) Appendix1. slide 1.

1. Blood circulation - the continuous movement of blood through a closed system of blood vessels.

2. Veins are vessels that carry blood to the heart.

3. Arteries are vessels through which blood flows from the heart to the organs and tissues of the body.

4. The heart is a four-chambered muscular organ that works throughout a person's life.

5. Pulse - jerky vibrations of the walls of arterial vessels.

7. Hypertension - a persistent increase in blood pressure.

8. Hypotension - low blood pressure.

9. Necrosis - malnutrition of a tissue area and its necrosis.

10. Stroke - bleeding in the brain.

11. Heart attack - a hemorrhage in the heart muscle, which led to the necrosis of its area.

Guys, we have studied blood circulation, the structure of the heart, how our heart works. What have we not talked about yet, what has not yet been studied? (Student response options) Quite right. The topic of today's lesson

“Hygiene of the cardiovascular system. First aid for bleeding.

Appendix 1. Slide 2.

goal setting Q: What would you like to learn in class?

(Student answers) Appendix 1. Slide 3.

Learn the rules of hygiene of the cardiovascular system in order to maintain your health;

Develop skills in providing first aid for bleeding in order to help a person in time.

3. Learning new material.

Our heart, with an average human life expectancy of 70 years, contracts over 2.5 billion times. During this time, a huge amount of blood is pumped, for the transportation of which a train of 4,000,000 railway tanks would be required. With such active work, the vulnerability of the cardiovascular system is understandable.

Why does such a perfect mechanism begin to falter? What is the cause of circulatory diseases? Why in the world in the first place cardiovascular diseases occupy a leading position among other diseases?

(Student answers, entry in notebooks) Appendix 1. slide 4.

Causes leading to diseases of the cardiovascular system:

Bad habits

Hypodynamia

environmental factors.

Let's listen to a series of reports prepared by the students.

Student 1. Effect of alcohol on the cardiovascular system. Appendix 1. Slide 5, 6.

Alcohol is especially harmful to the cardiovascular system. It poisons the heart muscle, damaging membranes and other cell structures. As a result, contractions of the heart muscle weaken, heart failure and shortness of breath develop. At the same time, alcohol also changes the walls of blood vessels, especially those of the heart itself. The heart muscle begins to receive an insufficient amount of oxygen and nutrients, gradually degenerates and is replaced by connective tissue. As a result of disruption of the heart, the body's blood supply deteriorates, which leads to painful changes in its functions.

Alcohol enters the blood within a few minutes after taking it and circulates in it for 5-7 hours. It excites the nervous system and inhibits the metabolism in muscle fibers. As a result, the pulse reaches 100 beats per minute, the strength and speed of contractions of the heart decrease, and the load on it increases. This is due to the fact that alcohol increases the release of adrenaline into the blood.

Student 2. The effect of tobacco on the cardiovascular system. Appendix 1. Slide 7.

Tobacco does no less harm to the cardiovascular system. Smokers experience vasoconstriction after each cigarette smoked, lasting 30 minutes. Therefore, in a systematically smoking person, the vessels are almost continuously in a constricted state, which increases the work of the heart to push blood. Working with more stress, the heart wears out and ages faster.

Vasoconstriction - the cause of the disease of smokers - "intermittent claudication", which is accompanied by severe pain while walking. The patient is forced to stop every 10-15 minutes and wait until the pain subsides. Due to the lack of oxygen, tissue necrosis (gangrene) can gradually develop. The case can end with the amputation of the foot, and sometimes even the entire leg.

Student 3. Harmful effect of hypodynamia. Appendix 1. slide 8.

Hypodynamia - limitation of physical mobility. What is it connected with? In production, human labor is often reduced to controlling the operation of machines. In everyday life, electricity, gas, plumbing free him from heavy household chores.

A car, a bus, a trolleybus, a tram, and finally, an elevator saves a person from long walking. And in the end - a lack of movement. It even affects students. A modern student sits a lot at his desk, desk, computer, TV ...

As a result, muscle weakening, an increase in the amount of adipose tissue, and a decrease in endurance. The regulation of blood vessels is disturbed to such an extent that even a simple transition of a person from a horizontal to a vertical position causes such a strong outflow of blood from the brain that a person can lose consciousness. As soon as an untrained person walks 150-200 m very quickly or runs a little, his heart rate rises, shortness of breath appears. These phenomena occur due to the fact that the blood supply to the heart does not increase by 4-5 times, as required by the body. As a result, the muscle of the heart and the muscle of the body receive insufficient oxygen, or, as they say, work in conditions of oxygen starvation. The body accumulates harmful metabolic products, which leads to faster wear of the heart muscle.

Student 4. environmental factors. Appendix 1. slide 9.

1. Atmospheric air polluted by industrial emissions and vehicle exhaust gases, containing carbon monoxide, adversely affects the process of gas exchange in the lungs and human tissues, because hemoglobin forms a strong bond with carbon monoxide.

2. As a result radiation exposure red bone marrow cells are emptied, their structure changes. They seem to lose their framework, melt, the nuclei shrivel, decrease, the cells die, and dead voids form in their place. And the red bone marrow - a kind of factory of blood cells - erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets is destroyed.

Let's draw our own conclusions:

To prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases, it is necessary ...?

Appendix 1. slide 10.

Student responses:

1. Give up bad habits.

2. Regular exercise and sports. Proper alternation of load and rest.

3. Residents of industrial centers often visit parks, outdoors in the forest, by the sea.

4. Avoidance of stress, overwork and other negative situations.

5. Rational and balanced nutrition.

(Entry in notebooks)

Practical part "First aid for bleeding."

About 5 liters of blood circulate through human blood vessels. With a decrease in the amount of blood, blood pressure drops, the supply of oxygen to the brain, heart and other organs is disrupted. The loss of about 2-2.5 liters of blood during bleeding is fatal to humans.

Objective: learn how to practically provide first aid for bleeding.

Equipment: dressings, a tourniquet, a piece of cloth, a pencil, a notepad, iodine, cotton wool, scissors.

Working process

The class is divided into groups. Each group gets a task. Using the text of the textbook, pages 126-128, get acquainted with the methods of first aid for bleeding.

1 group. Nose bleed.

1. The victim should be seated, slightly tilting the body forward, breathe through the mouth and slightly tilt his head forward.

2. Plugging the nasal passage with a tight gauze or cotton swab moistened with a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution or simply cold water.

3. An ice pack or piece of cloth moistened with cold water can be placed on the nose area. Keep in this position for 10-20 minutes.

2 group. capillary bleeding.

1. Wash the wound with hydrogen peroxide.

2. Treat the edges of the wound with iodine or an alcohol solution of brilliant green.

3. Cut off a square piece of bandage and fold it in four. Apply ointment to the folded bandage and apply to the wound, put cotton wool on top and make a bandage.

3rd group. arterial bleeding.

1. Apply a tourniquet or twist above the wounded area until the pulsation is no longer felt.

2. Treat the wound with an antiseptic.

3. Apply a bandage.

4. Attach a note indicating the time the tourniquet was applied.

IMPORTANT! It is impossible to apply a twist or tourniquet on a naked body, as it can damage the skin. The tourniquet is applied for 1.5 - 2 hours in warm time year and for 1 hour - in the cold.

4 group. Venous bleeding.

1. It is impossible to treat the entire wound, it is necessary to lubricate only its edges.

2. Apply antiseptic ointment to a sterile napkin and apply to the wound.

3. Apply a layer of cotton and bandage tightly.

In case of arterial and venous bleeding after first aid, the victim must be taken to a hospital or clinic.

After doing practical work make a conclusion according to the plan: the type of bleeding, its signs, the method of first aid. Fill in the table. Appendix 1. Slide 11.

Conclusion:

Type of bleeding signs First aid method
Arterial Scarlet blood flowing in a pulsing stream Pressure bandage for damage to a small vessel. Tourniquet in case of damage to a large artery.
Venous Dark blood flowing in a continuous stream pressure bandage
capillary Blood flows out slowly, coagulates normally Plain sterile dressing
Nasal Blood flows out slowly Packing of the nasal passage

(The teacher selectively checks the notes in the students' notebooks)

Reflection. Appendix 1. slide 12.

1. What did we talk about today?

2. Are we satisfied with the result?

3. Where can we use the acquired knowledge and skills?

Guys, show what mood you are after studying this topic. (Students show cards with emoticons)

Homework:

  • Paragraphs 24, 25 repeat, prepare for control work on the topics: “Blood. Circulation".

"The movement of blood through the vessels" - Mosso's experience. Hypertension is an increase in blood pressure. After physical activity! Hypotension is a decrease in blood pressure. Pressure little depends on gender, but changes with age. Why can't an agitated person sleep?

"Cardiac system" - Avoidance of stress, overwork and other negative situations. Influence of smoking: vasospasm, impaired blood supply to organs, gangrene of the legs, etc. Hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, etc. Major diseases of the cardiovascular system. Learn to justify the harmful effects of alcohol, nicotine, physical inactivity on the cardiovascular system.

"The structure of the heart" - In the pictures, find the flap valves. Left atrium. The structure of the heart of fish. Semilunar valves. Locate the aorta, the largest artery, and the pulmonary artery. Determine the size of the heart. Name the chambers of the heart. Pulmonary veins. Define the right and left halves of the heart. Repeat the features of the structure of the heart muscle (§ 4, account.

"Cardiovascular system" - Location of the heart. The form is determined by age, gender, physique, health, and other factors. It is located in the chest retrosternally. According to my research, the recovery process of heart rate is the smallest in children involved in sports. Heart rate before and after lifting. Harvard step test.

"Blood donation" - Assessment by donors of their nutrition. 7.3%. 3.7%. Motives that prompted to become a donor (%). Centrifugation 13000g. Treatment with sodium caprylate. Regularity of participation in donation. Factors affecting the frequency of deviations in immunogram parameters in donors.

"Lesson of the circulatory system" - The study of the human circulatory system. Reduced physical activity is the cause of heart disease. A heart. Lesson objectives. Vienna. Biology lesson in 8th grade. Author: teacher of the Khoroshenskaya school of the Krasnoyarsk region Leontyeva M.S. Excessive mental stress does not affect the cardiovascular system.

In total there are 7 presentations in the topic

slide 2

Gallery of hearts

  • slide 3

    slide 4

    slide 5

    Incredible!

    The heart beats 2.5 billion times in a lifetime. It is estimated that this work is enough to lift the train up Mont Blanc.

    slide 6

    Amazing!

    What is a heart?
    Is the stone hard?
    An apple with crimson skin?
    Maybe between the ribs and the aorta
    Is a ball beating, similar to the earth's ball?
    One way or another, everything earthly
    fit within it,
    Because he has no rest
    Everything has a thing to do.

    Slide 7

    Ultrasound of the heart

    The method helps to recognize:

    • congenital and acquired heart defects,
    • various forms of ischemic disease,
    • hypertension, tumors, thrombosis of the heart,
    • aneurysmal lesions of the aorta and many other diseases.

  • Slide 8

    Heart and nutrition

    Obesity is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease. Overweight and obesity are currently observed in a significant part of the population of economically developed countries.

    Slide 9

    heart and smoking

    • I am painfully sorry for human health, cynically, thoughtlessly translated into smoke. I feel unbearably sorry for the lives that have decayed on the tip of a cigarette.F. G. Uglov, Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences
    • When smoking, a spasm of blood vessels that feed the heart develops and progresses. At the same time, blood clotting also increases, which contributes to the more rapid formation of blood clots. All this taken together leads to the occurrence of coronary heart disease, often turning into myocardial infarction.

  • Slide 10

    Heart and alcohol

    • Alcohol causes irreparable damage to the cardiovascular system. The pressure rises for several days even with a single dose. Alcohol, being a cellular poison, increases blood pressure due to a direct toxic effect on the nervous and cardiovascular systems.
    • The heart works in an unfavorable mode for it. The pulse increases to 100 beats per minute, the metabolism and nutrition of the heart muscle are disturbed in the body.

  • slide 11

    Heart and movement

    If a teenager leads a sedentary lifestyle, then the Heart, deprived of the necessary training, develops poorly, its volume remains small, and the heart muscle is lethargic and weak. These disorders are reversible, you can get rid of them even without resorting to medication. Good result achieved by replenishing the deficit of motor activity.

    slide 12

    Let's remember for a lifetime

    • Physical activity can increase energy levels and improve performance;
    • Physical activity improves mood and helps reduce stress;
    • Physical activity helps you achieve and maintain your ideal weight;
    • Physical activity increases physical capacity, it makes life enjoyable;
    • Physical activity can reduce cardiovascular mortality by 40%;

  • slide 13

    heart and stress

    • Stress is a state of general body tension that occurs in a person under the influence of an extreme stimulus.
    • With unrest, mental and physical overstrain, tachycardia occurs. The pulse rate can reach from 85 to 150 or more beats per minute. Usually, with tachycardia, the heartbeat is disturbing, sometimes shortness of breath in combination with other manifestations of the underlying heart disease. Violation of the heart rhythm during stress can also be expressed in arrhythmias. Of all the arrhythmias of the heart, the most common is extrasystole - premature contractions of the heart or its departments.

  • Slide 14

    Very good for relieving stress

    “I am calm ... I am completely calm ... My breathing is even and calm ... Breathing is even ... I breathe easily and calmly .... Breathing has become even and calm .... Each breath fills me peace and relaxation..... I am calm..... I am completely calm....».

    slide 15

    The heart loves

    The heart not only loves, but also needs a constant supply of life-giving oxygen and nutrients.

  • slide 16

    Biggest heart friend is potassium

    1. It helps the heart beat rhythmically, evenly and calmly.
    2. Regulates water-salt metabolism in the body
    3. Participates in the conduction of nerve impulses to the muscles
    4. Normalizes carbohydrate and fat metabolism

  • Slide 17

    The heart does not love

    • Heart attack is more common in people who are depressed
    • The heart is adversely affected by smoking and drinking alcohol.

  • Slide 18

    health criteria

  • Slide 19

    Factors that negatively affect the cardiovascular system

  • Slide 20

    Factors negatively affecting the cardiovascular system

    • Physical inactivity (lack of motor activity) leads to atrophy of the heart muscle
    • Alcohol poisons the heart muscle, heart failure develops
    • Nicotine causes sustained vasospasm, myocardial infarction
    • The lack of oxygen in the atmosphere causes hypoxia, the rhythm of heart contractions changes
    • Pathogenic microorganisms cause infectious diseases hearts
    • Stressful situations deplete the heart muscle

    • View all slides