What you need for a mini farm. Home chicken farm: where to start your business? Construction of a mini-farm: possible alternatives

Farming – popular look business in rural areas. Nowadays there are farms in many populated areas. But the demand in the country for their products has not yet been satisfied. So the farm from scratch is still a promising business idea where you can make good money. But on one condition - that the farming business will be well planned and competently organized. This article will tell you how to do this.

Chickens, bees, milk...? Choosing the type of farm

To become a successful farmer, you first need to master the intricacies of farming and marketing farm products. And, of course, collect decent start-up capital. If you already have all this, it’s time to create a business plan called “How to open your own farm from scratch.”

And the starting point is to determine the type of activity. There are several directions in which modern farms operate. This:

1. Animal husbandry.
2. Poultry farming.
3. Beekeeping.
4. Milk products.
5. Growing vegetables, herbs and fruits.

There are many examples of very profitable businesses in every industry. That is, you can make decent money in any of these areas. Often the choice of farm type is based on the personal preferences of the entrepreneur. Some things turn out to be closer and clearer, more to your liking, but some types of farming you immediately want to give up.

Having decided what you will produce, think about the scale on which it will be. Focus on 2 factors:

1. Possibilities of your starting capital.
2. Sales opportunities.

After all, the larger the volume finished products, the more problems may arise with its implementation. Especially at first. Immediately identify potential distribution points and methods available in your region.

Popular destinations

Cows are the most popular destination

Many peasant families today keep several heads of cattle. This is an affordable option for them. additional income for the sale of dairy products and meat. For some families this is the only source of income in rural areas.

The demand for these types of livestock products is consistently high. Perhaps you should also pay attention to this direction.

According to statistics, farm owners most often choose meat or dairy direction for your enterprise. There are more government requirements for milk production. And the costs for the dairy business will be higher than for the meat business.

The choice of cow breeds has many nuances. You need to carefully prepare for their purchase by studying as much information as possible. Learn more about the popular breeds in your area, carefully weighing the pros and cons of each. Keep in mind that there are meat breeds and there are dairy breeds. If funds are limited, you can buy heifers and keep them for 1-2 years. If there are 10 or more cows, a bull will be needed to fertilize them. For smaller quantities, artificial insemination is suitable.

We legalize your business: state registration

Officially, a farm from scratch begins with state registration of the enterprise.

Every farm owner is required to legitimize his business by opening an individual entrepreneur or LLC. Most often, the first option is chosen as it is simpler and more profitable in terms of taxation.

If you plan to supply products to retail chains, first get the go-ahead from Rospotrebnadzor and firefighters. You will also need a land lease agreement.

Since in farms food products are produced, the owners must have documents confirming its decent quality. If we are talking about meat production, it is necessary to obtain a veterinary examination.

Farm space

Choosing a location for a farm requires a careful and unhurried approach. It’s worth looking for it in advance. Many offers today can be viewed without leaving home via the Internet. Specialized agencies are ready to provide assistance in this matter.

But there is no need to rush into concluding an agreement. It is important to obtain more information about the land itself. There are moments that sellers or landlords are silent about. But local residents willing to share what they know. So, if possible, visit the places you like in person and ask the local population.

When choosing a site, you should pay attention to such parameters as soil characteristics, pasture capacity, vegetation, availability and cost of storage.

You can buy land with everything you need to operate a farm. There are plots that are sold with sheds, fences and under.

Room

The size of the room needed is different in each case. This depends on the scale of the young enterprise and the direction of its activities. There are several general requirements:

1. Warmth and cleanliness in the room

In winter, you need to especially monitor the temperature. It is important that the room is at least 17 degrees Celsius and maintains normal humidity. And no drafts. This is not only inhumane to the animals, but also leads to loss of profit. The room also needs access to fresh air.

1. Correct layout

It differs on different types of farms. For example, if you are raising poultry, you will need to install cages. In the case of cattle, stalls and feeders will be needed. Devices for cleaning manure will differ when raising different animals.

1. Water

To raise animals you will need a lot of water every day. The premises should be provided with it in abundance.

Equipment

This item of expenditure usually turns out to be the most expensive. It will require substantial investments - at least 2 million rubles. You can’t open a farm right away by purchasing everything you need. You will have to wait and allocate time for installation. It happens that this process takes several months.

For a cattle farm, you need to purchase fencing, drinking bowls, feeders, materials for stalls and mechanisms for removing manure. Immediately consider the need to prepare food for the winter. Of course, it’s easier to buy it, but it will cost more. To harvest on your own, you will need equipment (tractor, mower, trailers, loading and unloading devices, etc.).

For dairy business it is necessary to purchase milking equipment and select more spacious premises. After all, you will have to keep the calves somewhere, do the milking, supply the milk, and place the cows that are not being milked.

You shouldn’t buy everything at once, the best and the most expensive. It would be wiser to buy only what you need at first, and not what you want. Over time, you will gain experience and better understand what your farm is missing. Farms are often developed in stages over 5-10 years. To save money, farm equipment can be purchased at auctions.

Sales options

Before you open a farm from scratch, think about possible options sales

The farm can sell its products in two directions:

1. Local markets.
2. Trading networks.

Constantly think about the question: how to reduce the cost of production while maintaining the same quality of products? Inexpensive food products significantly increase the chances of gaining a strong foothold in the market.

Personnel: how to provide work for the whole family and neighbors

Farming - most often family business

Often, the farm is run not only by its owner and organizer, but also by his entire family. Food production in our country is traditionally a family business, in which several generations are employed, as well as close and distant relatives of the family.

If you have a family, discuss this issue with them in advance. Of course, a family farm is more profitable than hired labor. Each employee has a personal interest in the success of the business and will work conscientiously. And there are savings on staff salaries. At first, after opening, this will be very useful.

If the farming business becomes the business of the whole family, there is a greater chance of receiving preferential conditions from the state. Now there is government programs specifically for creating family farms. For example, to open such a farm, you can get a loan on preferential terms.

Expenses, investments, profits

Those who are just interested in how to open a farm should know one significant advantage of this business. It is promising because it constantly receives support from the state. Much is being done to increase the number domestic producers food products. They receive good incentives for development in the form of benefits, subsidies, free land, and financial resources for starting. Find out more about these programs. You may also be able to get help from the government.

In general, the initial costs will be something like this:

Table. Capital investments

On average, the farm receives income from 200 thousand to 2 million rubles per year. The payback period for the farm is from 1.5 to 3 years.

Nowadays food prices are rising. What benefits farmers? And those who pay due attention to this issue have no problems with sales. Moreover, there are no restrictions on access to the sales market for a national manufacturer. Domestic food products are in demand and are in constant demand. So the farming business is a great chance to earn money and contribute to the domestic economy.

Some entrepreneurs have mastered certain types of business related to breeding various animals for the sake of making a profit. Unfortunately, in terms of profitability, these types of activities are inferior to sturgeon breeding.

The consequences of the economic crisis have affected almost all areas entrepreneurial activity person. Many entrepreneurs have decided to give up various types activities, including in the field of livestock farming. Recently, there has been a tendency to conduct healthy image life, which is inextricably linked with proper nutrition. Increasingly, people prefer to eat fish, but not meat, especially pork. Therefore, if you decide to start breeding sturgeon, you should not worry about marketing your products.

You can breed sturgeon at home if you create a certain temperature regime and provide water and sewerage.

Organization of a reservoir for sturgeon breeding

For the convenience of growing sturgeon, it is enough to have a plastic pool with a depth of 1.0-1.2 meters and a diameter of up to 3 meters. This is the most convenient pool model, since it can be maintained without much difficulty.

Choosing the right food

The main task is to obtain the maximum increase in fish weight in a short period of time. Therefore, the food must be high-calorie and appropriate for the age and weight of the fish.

1. Sturgeon leads a bottom-dwelling lifestyle, so food must quickly sink to the bottom.
2. The food must have the appropriate smell. In nature, these types of fish search for food by smell. This suggests that he has a well-developed sense of smell. The food should not only smell good, but also be attractive to this type of fish.
3. The dissolution time of food in water should not be less than 30 minutes.
4. For each size of fish, the size of the feed pellets is selected.

Where to get sturgeon fry

You should purchase fry only from large fish farming enterprises that have been breeding them for years. The better the product, the greater the likelihood of making a profit. In this case, you should not save on fry. Only healthy fry will be able to quickly adapt to new conditions and grow to the size of a commercial sturgeon.

Containers for growing fish

On initial stage To develop this type of business, it is enough to acquire a small mini-pool. It can be installed in a residential area or in a cellular polycarbonate greenhouse. The mini-pool occupies an area of ​​no more than 2.2 square meters, so it can be installed even in an apartment.

Growing Equipment

To raise fish yourself, you will have to purchase the following equipment:

1. Plastic pool.
2. Water pump.
3. Compressor.
4. Automatic feeder.
5. Generator.

Capacity. To grow fish, you can purchase and install several mini-pools with a diameter of 2.5 meters.

Pump. With its help, water is supplied to containers from a well or borehole if sturgeon are grown in the private sector. If there is a central water supply, mini-pools can be connected to the water supply, but this method can be much more expensive, given today's water prices.

Compressor. It is necessary to constantly saturate the water with oxygen, otherwise there is no point in talking about growing fish at all. Moreover, you need to install a couple of compressors, just in case, so that if one of them fails, the next one will start working.

Automatic feeder. It is necessary for large production volumes. If this is the beginning of a business activity and it is possible to feed the fish by hand, then you don’t have to buy it. The fry feeds up to 6 times a day and with small volumes you can do without it.

Gasoline or diesel generator. Same important element as well as the compressor. In the absence of power supply or its suspension, the generator will help out and will not allow the fish to suffocate. The generator must have a power reserve so as not to operate at the limit. Then it will last a long time and will be able to guarantee the cultivation of sturgeon.

Here the list includes only the main components of a mini-farm, without which sturgeon breeding is impossible. In addition to these elements, you will need all kinds of pipes, taps, angles, tees, etc. If you calculate everything, then serious investments will be required. Despite this, with a serious approach, sturgeon breeding will pay off in the first year.

Water temperature

In order to live and develop, constantly gaining weight, a certain temperature regime must be maintained. It is believed that a temperature from +18°C to +24°C is optimal.

Concerning winter period, then you will have to maintain the temperature at the proper level. If you don’t do this, the water will simply become covered with ice, and this cannot be allowed. In this case, a large energy consumption will be required, although you can work on the heating circuit and get by minimal costs. It is not necessary to resort to heating with electricity or gas, as this will cost a pretty penny. It is better to use a conventional solid fuel boiler and use wood waste as fuel.

If fish are raised in improper conditions, they will begin to get sick, especially if they are fry.

Room for growing sturgeon

Even in an apartment where there is running water and sewerage, you can raise fish. The most suitable option is the private sector, where you can build suitable premises and organize heating of both water and air.

Depending on the number of containers, the useful area of ​​the mini-farm is calculated. At the same time, one container with a volume of 2 cubic meters can occupy an area of ​​10 to 12 square meters.

What do they feed sturgeon?

For this purpose, there are special feeds intended for growing sturgeon species of fish. The daily dose depends on the age and weight of the fish. The sturgeon feeds 4-5 times a day. If an automatic feeder is used, the fish may feed more often, depending on its settings.

Payback of such a business

This is a profitable type of business that, with the proper approach, will pay off in the first year. The growing cycle, starting from the purchase of fry and ending commercial products, takes about 9 months. During this period, the fry, weighing about 5 grams, gains a weight of about 500 grams, which is quite enough to sell the product. One fry can cost 20 rubles, or even more. Ready-made sturgeon sells for 600-800 rubles. for 1 kg. If you count everything, then one fry can bring a profit of 300 rubles, or even more. Unfortunately this is not net profit. The cost of feed will take up a significant amount of expenses.

Raising one thousand fry will require the purchase of feed in the amount of 30 thousand rubles. Electricity costs can also be significant and can amount to up to 20 thousand rubles per year, depending on the size of the mini-farm.

If you do not take into account equipment, then to raise 1000 fry, you will have to spend:

• expenses for the purchase of fry - 20 thousand rubles;
• food costs - 30 thousand rubles;
• electricity costs – 20 thousand rubles.

Moreover, these are calculations without taking into account the cost of water. It is believed that water is taken from a well or borehole.

That's why, total costs are 70 thousand rubles. It is not difficult to calculate the profit from the sale of 1000 pieces of fish, weighing 500 grams and costing 600 rubles per kilogram: it will be 300 thousand rubles.

The net profit will be: 300 thousand rubles - 70 thousand rubles, a total of 230 thousand rubles.

To raise 1000 fish fry, you will need to purchase equipment worth 250 thousand rubles. In the first year of growing fish, the costs will be fully recouped. Starting from the second year, each thousand fry will be able to produce up to 200 thousand rubles of net profit.

Experience of successful farms

Unfortunately, this type of business has not become as widespread as the livestock business. Events recent years indicate that large manufacturers meat of sturgeon species receive a permanent income already in the 2nd or 3rd year of their activity. At the same time, you can obtain not only sturgeon meat, but also sturgeon caviar using accelerated technology. This can happen in the 5th or 6th year of females' life. At the same time, it should be taken into account that sturgeon caviar can be sold for $1000 per kilogram.

Business plan

The calculation formulas are exactly the same, but to organize sturgeon breeding in large quantities(up to 20...30 tons per year), one should take into account the fact that you will have to spend money on the construction of a capital building. Alternatively, such a building can be rented. Moreover, you will have to spend a lot of money to pay wages hired workers. Still, it is unlikely that you or your family will be able to cope with such volumes of work. As production volumes increase, other expenses, such as contributions to the budget, also increase. The more production, the more problem and the more difficult it is to raise sturgeon fry to a marketable state, the greater the risks associated with unforeseen expenses.

Who to sell sturgeon fish to?

You can sell your products according to various schemes: sell on the market, where you can organize your outlet, sell in a store by agreement with the owner or supply to restaurants by concluding appropriate agreements. Through restaurants you can sell up to 70 kg of sturgeon per month. It is not difficult to calculate how much fish needs to be grown per year: up to 1 ton of fish or up to 2000 units, weighing 0.5 kg each. These small sturgeons are the most sought after in the restaurant business. The most exquisite and delicious dishes are prepared from them.

As practice shows, you can make serious money on a home mini-farm. In about 3-5 years, if you approach it smartly, you can organize a business with a turnover of several million rubles, and this on your own backyard or summer cottage. But not everything can be obtained immediately and instantly. In any case, you should start with a small volume of growing sturgeon meat. And when experience and confidence appear, production volumes can be increased, not immediately, but also gradually: first raise 1000 fry, then, if possible, 2000 pieces, and then, as they say, appetite comes with eating.

Conclusion

Naturally, business is not such a cloudless endeavor. During the organization process, serious problems may arise. organizational problems related to legitimizing your business. After all, without these skills it is unlikely that you will be able to negotiate with a store or restaurant. Therefore, the business plan does not include organizational measures related to obtaining the relevant documents. In addition, it is not known what it will cost the entrepreneur and whether it can be organized at his dacha or on his personal plot. In addition, without the appropriate documents, it is unlikely that you will be able to purchase fish fry.

Every business project requires integrated approach with different calculations. Each business plan should include various losses associated, for example, with the death of some fry. In other words, risks must be taken into account, and this is not always possible. Therefore, when engaging in a non-traditional field of activity, you can always leave something out, and this “something” can ruin the entire business.

Currently Agriculture, of course, not at the peak of its development, but at least at the beginning of its rise. This is facilitated, in particular, by the increased attention of the state, which has promised to allocate billions of rubles to farmers. And, of course, no matter what crisis strikes, people will always want to eat, which means agriculture profitable business regardless external conditions. And farming as a business idea will always be relevant.

It is logical that in this regard, many Russians have recently paid attention to the village and those associated with it. Someone decided to sow wheat, someone decided to provide the country with domestic vegetables and potatoes, and others started raising cattle. It is the latter type of business that is developing most intensively today. Suffice it to remember that new mini-farms are constantly opening in dozens of regions and the state supports their owners in every possible way. It's about how to open mini dairy farm, we will tell you, and the experts of the Agromoltekhnika company, which is a leading supplier of agricultural equipment, will help us with this.

Dairy equipment from the catalog

What kind of animal?

First, let's figure out what a mini-farm is and how it differs from a regular one.

Firstly, the mini-farm is much smaller than the classic one, as the name suggests. In our case, this is not only the area of ​​the farm, but also the number of heads of cattle.

Secondly, maintenance of a mini-farm, as a rule, does not require additional personnel. Usually all work is carried out by one family, which owns the farm.

Thirdly, the cost of opening a mini-farm is much lower than a regular one. At the same time, it is a springboard into big business. Judge for yourself: on such a farm it is possible to test out all the technologies with minimal risk, so that by the time it reaches production another level of business for you there were no blind spots in the industry.

What and how much?

So, what do you need to open a mini-farm? This is, of course, a desire. In addition, you need a plot of land of sufficient size, preferably with communications. And, of course, you need money. We'll tell you how much a little later.

For greater detail and clarity, consider the project of a mini-farm for 50 heads, which proposes to implement company "Agromoltekhnika". To build such a facility you will need land plot an area of ​​at least one thousand square meters. It is necessary to build a large hangar on it, where the animals will be kept. If desired, several additional administrative buildings can be built next to the hangar, although such premises are provided inside the hangar.

If we talk about the exact dimensions of the hangar in which the animals and all equipment will be placed, then it is 15 meters wide, 65 meters long, the pitch between the frame arcs is three meters. The height of this structure, in accordance with the project of the Agromoltekhnika company, is six meters, the floor area is 975 square meters.

What is important is that the entire dairy mini-farm is essentially located in this hangar. This is the feed department, sectors for calves of different ages, dry cow sector, milking parlor and Staff only. The cost of such a hangar-farm, supplied by the Agromoltekhnika company on a turnkey basis, is 5,800,000 rubles, including the construction of the foundation and floor.

Naturally, the matter is not limited to one hangar. After all, you can’t let cows into empty rooms! Therefore, the farmer additionally needs to purchase a lot of special equipment. These are stalls, rubber carpeting, drinking bowls, various fences, brushes, ventilation curtains, a milk cooling tank, a maternity ward, and so on.

Fortunately, the Agromoltekhnika company has all this. Therefore, when opening a mini-farm, you do not need to run around to several suppliers, ordering the necessary equipment from different places. After all, you can get everything in one place, at very affordable prices and with a guarantee.

As a result, a complete set of equipment for opening a mini-dairy farm will cost 5,400,000 rubles. Together with the hangar, the cost of launching a mini-dairy farm is 11,200,000 rubles.

The amount, of course, is not small. But it's worth it. And now it will become clear why.

We count profits

So, on average, one cow produces 5,000 liters of milk per year. However, in advanced farms, the annual milk yield per cow is 9,000 liters of milk per year. Thus, it turns out that on average 50 cows will produce 250,000 liters of milk per year. Naturally, if the owner shows himself well and reaches a higher level of productivity, the volumes will increase, but we will focus on the average.

On average, a Russian farmer sells milk to wholesalers for 14 rubles, but this figure varies depending on the region and time of year. But even if we take the “average temperature in the hospital,” we get the annual revenue of a mini-dairy farm in no way less than 3,500,000 rubles.

The cost of annual maintenance of one cow in Russia in 2010 was 15,000 rubles. If we take the mini-farm we are describing, then its owner will spend 750,000 rubles a year on maintaining animals.

Using simple mathematical calculations, we find that a mini-dairy farm will pay for itself in four years. But we must take into account that the owner of such an enterprise can not only deliver milk to factories, but also process it himself, sell and produce other dairy products, the production of which does not require high costs. In this case, the enterprise will pay off faster.

***
As you can see, opening a mini-dairy farm is very attractive and interesting business, albeit requiring significant initial investment. But keep in mind that not all companies with similar starting capital can boast a 4-year payback, and do not forget about the support that mini-farm owners everywhere receive from the state.

Dear readers, this article was written and published in 2011. The information contained herein may be out of date.

A cowshed for 50 heads is the optimal solution for a small family farm. For successful business It is necessary to comply with the rules for keeping cattle. Construction of a barn taking into account all requirements and high-quality equipment will help to avoid problems with the health of animals and increase their productivity. A novice farmer faces questions: build a barn with his own hands or resort to the help of professional teams, what materials to use and how much will the project cost?

Requirements for keeping cows

The microclimate in a barn consists of many factors, such as temperature, lighting, humidity, and concentration of harmful gases. The cow is especially demanding of conditions, and peaks of sensitivity occur at 3 and 7-8 months of pregnancy.

The temperature of the housing affects the heat exchange processes in the body of cows. There is a concept of “thermal neutral zone”. This is a temperature regime at which the metabolism in the body of animals is not disturbed. For various cattle breeds, this zone is located in the range of +4 – +20 °C.

Overheating and hypothermia of animals can also occur due to high humidity in the room. Humidity above 85% at high temperatures hinders heat transfer and the animal overheats. At low temperatures, high humidity leads to colds.

At the same time, the air should not be allowed to dry out. When humidity is less than 40%, mucous membranes, respiratory tracts, skin, horns, and hooves are affected.

Harmful gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon monoxide are waste products of cows. Their concentration in the air is regulated by regulations. In case of insufficient natural ventilation, livestock complexes for 50 heads are equipped with forced-type hoods.

When installing the floor yourself, you need to make sure that it is sealed and that slurry does not penetrate into the cracks.

Natural lighting has a beneficial effect on the condition of animals. It prevents the development of rickets and softening of bones, stimulates the metabolic process in the body. To allow sunlight to penetrate, the barn is equipped with windows.

The design of the barn should include artificial lighting with incandescent lamps for raising young animals. For calves, the norm is 50 lux, during the fattening period – 20-30 lux.

A livestock farm for 50 heads of cattle involves the installation of mechanical equipment, the operation of which does not occur silently. With some adaptation to production noise, cows still experience a deterioration in performance under the influence of this irritating factor. According to standards, the noise level in a barn should not exceed 70 decibels.

The installation plan for air conditioners, heaters and other equipment must be thought through at the design stage. The barn must be kept clean. Manure is removed with scrapers, and sawdust flooring is regularly replaced with your own hands.

The dry period in cows is characterized high risk mastitis lesions. During this time, increased attention should be paid to hygiene.

To ensure conditions for keeping cattle, an area of ​​at least 6 m2 is allocated per cow, taking into account the feeder and passage, and at least 10 m2 for a cow with a calf. Based on this, the total area to accommodate 50 heads, taking into account the birth of calves, should be about 500 m2.

The layout of the barn on the site must fit into general concept farm complex.

Materials for construction are selected depending on the climate and their availability in the region. You can build a barn with your own hands from wood, brick, cinder block or foam block.

When constructing large complexes for housing cows, the frame method and sandwich panels are often used. The simplest and cheapest is frameless technology. Arched hangars are built on a lightweight foundation by building up an arched profile.

Estimated cost of construction and construction time:

• brick – 12,500 RUR/m2 (6-12 months);
• sandwich panels – 7550 RUR/m2 (3-6 months);
• laminated veneer lumber – 8100 RUR/m2 (6-12 months);
• frame building – 3400 RUR/m2 (1-3 months);
• frameless hangar – 1800 RUR/m2 (2-10 days).

When constructing a barn, the following dimensions are observed: wall height - from 2.5 m (with permanent flooring - from 3 m), roof height to ridge - from 3.5 m. Windows are placed at a height inaccessible to cows.

The floor rises above ground level. It is performed with a slope of 2 cm/m for liquid drainage. It is not recommended to make a greater slope, so as not to provoke limb diseases in cows. The best option– plank floor on clay. Boards without clay are impractical: they quickly become unusable, and manure liquid flowing through the cracks will accumulate under them, releasing toxic substances.

The ceiling is made of thick boards. The cracks between them are covered with clay. The ceiling is insulated with sawdust or sand, spread in a layer of 10-15 cm. In cold regions, it is recommended to build a ceiling with double flooring.

Internal structure and equipment

The interior plan of the barn includes the placement of stalls, feeders, and passages. The stall should have the following dimensions: 1.7 x 1.1 m. Sawdust or chopped straw is poured onto the floor in the stalls, providing the animal with a dry place to lie down, or permanent wooden flooring is installed.

In the rear part there is a chute for draining slurry. Its dimensions are: width – 20x10 cm. The gutter should be built with an inclination towards the liquid collector. To remove the chute from the barn, an opening is made in the wall, which is closed with a valve.

A feeder and drinking bowl are placed in front of the stall. The most simple feeder is a box-trough along the length of the stall, having the following dimensions: width at the top - 70 cm, at the bottom - 40 cm, height of the side facing the cow - 25-30 cm, outer - 70 cm. Such feeders are easy to make with your own hands from dry, carefully planed boards.

Modifications of feeders include:

• with folding sides for easy cleaning;
• lifting with height adjustment (used when using high, permanent flooring).

The calf cage is placed on the side of the stall.

The construction of a barn involves many nuances. Without their understanding, it is difficult to build a quality farm with your own hands. In this case, it is better for a novice farmer to contact construction teams and choose a project that takes into account general recommendations by cattle content, climatic features of the region, necessary equipment and order turnkey construction.

Many beginning entrepreneurs at the initial stage when registering their activities are faced with a lot of formal problems. For example, you need to open an LLC on your own, without the help of a lawyer. This procedure is simple, but some people cannot do it without knowledge of regulations. Market legal services is currently developed enough to provide professional help in this area to everyone who wants it. Many have also been created methodological manuals, which tell you how to open an LLC. Step-by-step instruction, given in them, is very convenient, but most business people prefer to entrust the problem to specialized companies. As a rule, this is due to the desire to save time and avoid errors in documents.

OOO

First you need to determine legal status future enterprise. It depends on several factors, this is, first of all, the form of tax and accounting, respectively, the types of taxes paid to budgets of various levels. The most common form today commercial enterprise serves society with limited liability(OOO). In accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation, an LLC is a legal association that can be organized by both citizens (individuals) and enterprises. The charter is distributed among the business owners (founders), each of whom bears economic responsibility only in the amount of his contribution.

"I want to open an LLC!"

Before starting this troublesome process, it would be useful to familiarize yourself with the legislative acts regulating the work of the company in this status. This the federal law“On Limited Liability Companies” No. FZ-14 dated February 8, 1998 and dated August 8, 2001 “On state registration individual entrepreneurs and legal entities." After studying these documents, many entrepreneurs will have a question: “How much does it cost to open an LLC with the help of a specialized company?” When comparing expenses, it turns out that the amounts are approximately equal. which helps to open a turnkey LLC, obtain a seal, statistics codes, open a current account, will cost an average of 20 thousand rubles. Moreover, this price is the average for the country, from Moscow to Vladivostok. When trying to open an LLC on your own, the amount of costs can be significantly higher, especially if documents have to be submitted several times due to mistakes.

Where can I register a company?

Opening an LLC in Moscow or Novosibirsk is a choice only for the owner. The registration procedure, list of documents, and sequence of actions are the same. The place of registration depends only on the legal address of the future company; accordingly, you need to contact tax office registration area. You can open an LLC in another city quite simply by locating a production base there or renting premises for a central office. Many entrepreneurs optimize tax payments in this way. However, the law does not regulate the number organized companies, i.e. how long to open an LLC. IN modern economy are becoming widespread holding companies. Production activities carried out by one organization, the second is engaged in retail trade, the third produces wholesale supplies. This scheme is beneficial for entrepreneurs to optimize the tax burden.

How to open an LLC: step-by-step instructions

The main difficulty is filling it out correctly. large quantity documents, although, as some entrepreneurs believe, this is a kind of school for the whole future activities. At the initial stage, everyone decides for themselves what is more profitable for them: to pay for the result or achieve it themselves. So, to open an LLC on your own, you need to go through the following steps step by step.

Stage 1. Title

Not the most difficult, but the most important first step. We create a company and lay its foundation. Firstly, the name. The owner’s imagination is limited only by the legislation of the Russian Federation, specifically Article 1473 Civil Code, each paragraph of which contains a specific title requirement. A prerequisite is to indicate the form of ownership commercial organization(CJSC, LLC, OJSC). The word “Russia” in various variations can be used in the name only with the consent of the Government of the Russian Federation, which will evaluate not only the scale and activities of the company, but a lot of parameters not related to commerce.

It is also necessary to remember that there is a full name of the company and its abbreviated equivalent. For use on company letterheads and internal orders it is sufficient short version, for example, Shmel LLC. Most constituent documents require the full option to be indicated, for example, Limited Liability Company "Shmel".

At the initial stage, it is also necessary to determine the scope of the enterprise. The number of species is limited to 20. Accordingly, the selected OKVED codes will appear in registration documents.

Stage 2. Founders and capital

The number of founders (owners) of the business is determined. Depending on their share participation and the size of the contribution, authorized capital. The number of participants depends on which LLC to open. There can be from 1 to 50, depending on the size and scope of activity. The amount of cash or non-cash contribution of each co-owner is not regulated; the law sets only the lower limit for the size of the authorized (share) capital - 10 thousand rubles.

The share can be contributed in cash, assets (property), or working capital. In this case, non-cash funds are necessarily subject to independent assessment. Based on its results, the monetary value of the value is determined, which is the amount of the deposit. If there are several owners, then the general meeting elects a director, who is not necessarily one of the founders. The order for his appointment and the minutes of the meeting are additional documents to the charter of the company.

Stage 3. Address

The LLC being created must have a legal address. If one of the founders owns a non-residential premises or office suitable for the company’s activities, then it may appear as the place of permanent registration. In case of renting space, you will need letter of guarantee from the owner (lessor) with confirmation and a rental agreement drawn up in an approved regulations form. Registration of an LLC is possible at the address of the permanent residence of the director (or general director). In this case, a copy of the passport is provided.

Stage 4. Charter

Creating a charter for a future company is a very important issue. This document is the basis for state registration (registration) of the LLC as a legal entity. The charter of the enterprise must contain the following provisions:

• Name (full and abbreviated).
• Address (legal is required, actual is optional).
• Management bodies, decision-making procedures, documentation.
• Authorized (share) fund, composition, size, procedure for increasing and decreasing, transfer of shares to third parties.
• The composition of the founders, the procedure for the entry of new members, the withdrawal from the membership of the company.

The charter is printed in 2 copies, must be signed, numbered, stapled and certified.

Stage 5. Tax system

The significance of this point is very great for financial activities future company. It is necessary to determine the tax system for work. Maintaining tax and accounting records, types and procedures for reporting, fees that an enterprise must pay - all this depends on the chosen regime (STS, KSNO, UTII). As a rule, on at this stage consultation is required from the chief accountant, if he has already been hired, or from a specialist auditor to set up the entire system and optimize it.

The final point of the preparatory stage is payment of the state fee. It can be made through any branch of Sberbank, its size today is 4 thousand rubles. Before submitting documents, the original receipt for depositing funds must be attached to them.

Stage 6. Documents

The next step in registering a company is collecting a package of documents and submitting them to the tax office for processing. Law firms and outsourcing companies can tell you in detail how to open an LLC. Step-by-step instructions at this stage include collecting the following documents:

1. Charter of the company (2 copies).
2. Decision (agreement) on the establishment of a company, protocol general meeting(in case of several founders).
3. Composition of owners.
4. Application form for state registration (according to form P11001). The signature is certified by a notary.
5. Orders (instructions) on the appointment of the chief accountant and director (general) of the organization.
6. Letter of guarantee for renting a building that bears a legal address.
7. Receipt confirming payment of registration fees.
8. Statement on the applicable tax regime if the simplified tax system is used.

You can prepare the above documents for free using this service.

Stage 7. Verification

The bound, certified documents should be carefully reviewed again. If a tax inspector discovers an error, the company will not be registered. All work will need to be done again, and the paid state fee is non-refundable. The next submission of a complete package of documents must contain a new receipt for the transfer of funds.

When opening an LLC through a specialized company, revision of the package of documents is carried out free of charge. In this case, errors are eliminated at the expense of the company with which an agreement has been concluded for the provision of relevant legal services. The tax inspector is required to issue a receipt with full list documents received for processing. The date of receipt of registration certificates is also indicated there, if there are no questions about the provided papers.

Stage 8. Receiving documents

The official processing time for documents is 5 days (working days). After this, the applicant must contact a specialist and receive a decision. In case of refusal of registration, the reason is indicated in the official document. We start the process anew, correct the shortcomings and re-solve the issue of how to open an LLC. The step-by-step instructions presented above will help with this. If the decision is positive, the following documents are issued:

1. legal entity (LLC).
2. Certificate (assignment of a TIN to the organization) of tax registration.
3. Charter certified by the tax office.
4. Extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.

Stage 9. Registration

After registering with the local tax office, it is necessary to register the LLC with all relevant funds and with the statistics department. Statistical codes assigned after presentation of the Charter, a current extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, INN, OGRN, are used to open a current account for an enterprise. At the moment it is working, so there is no need to go to extra-budgetary funds on your own. The tax office must issue a notice of registration of the enterprise with the Social Insurance Fund, Pension Fund and the Health Insurance Fund. If one of the documents is missing, you will have to visit this department yourself. You must have with you all the papers issued by the tax office and a passport identifying the applicant.

Step 10. Print

We can say that the registration was successful. Certificates of registration with all extra-budgetary funds have been received, the organization has been registered as a taxpayer, and you can proceed to the final stage. We create an LLC seal. Today, the service is widespread; when you contact the appropriate workshop, each company will offer several options for stamp and round stamps, not to mention additional stamps. Moreover, if maintained in strict, business style(name, details, company codes), then seals for internal use may contain the company logo, which gives room for the owner’s imagination.

Stage 11. Accounts

Where to open an account for an LLC? For most entrepreneurs, this issue does not cause difficulties. Of course, you need to have partnerships with the bank and business relationship that are built on trust. In this case, the reputation of the financial institution, its technical equipment, the location of the nearest office (branch), and fees for servicing current, currency and special accounts play a big role.

Particular attention must be paid to customer support. Must work modern, convenient, with high level high-speed program maintained by the bank's technical services. You should be able to obtain appropriate specialist advice at any time without any problems. The choice of credit institutions is currently quite large, so any recently registered entity has a wide selection. The legislation of the Russian Federation does not limit companies in the number of accounts, therefore, if such a need is visible, you can open several settlement or special service units in different banks.

Stage 12. Final point

After opening one or more current accounts, you must provide all information about it to the tax office and funds within seven days (7 working days). In case of violation of deadlines by government agencies Penalties may be imposed. If new company led by the director, independently successfully passed all tests Russian legislation and bureaucratic red tape, then it has enormous development potential. It was possible to open an LLC on your own, all that remains is to wish you success in your professional activities!